ἱερός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἱερὸς ἀκτή <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>597</span>, <span class="bibl">805</span>, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.77</span>: Ion. and poet. ἱρός, ή, όν (v. sub fin.): Dor. and N. Greek ἱᾰρός <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.20, etc.: Aeol. ἶρος <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>23.25</span>, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>8.4, but ἴαρος (corr. from <b class="b3">ἴερ-</b>) <span class="bibl">Sapph. <span class="title">Supp.</span>20a</span>.<span class="bibl">6</span>: Sup. ἱερώτατος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>582</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>755e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[filled with]] or [[manifesting divine power]], [[supernatural]], ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο <span class="bibl">Od.2.409</span>, al.; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο <span class="bibl">8.421</span>, etc.; [[ἄλφιτον]], [[ἀλωαί]], <span class="bibl">Il.11.631</span>, <span class="bibl">5.499</span>; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, <span class="bibl">Od.10.351</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.726</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>410</span> (lyr.); [[λιβάς]], of the Spercheus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1215</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης</b> 'faery', <span class="bibl">Od.10.275</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.8.66</span>, <span class="bibl">11.194</span>; φάος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 339</span>; <b class="b3">ἱερὸς δίφρος</b> (where [[δ]]. perh.= [[ἵπποι]]) <span class="bibl">Il.17.464</span>; after Hom., ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192</span> (anap.); ἱ. κῦμα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1206</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span> 265</span>; ὄμβρος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1428</span>; δρόσοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>117</span> (lyr.); [[ὕπνος]], of death, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>11</span>; <b class="b3">ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ</b>. no [[great]] matter, <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of divine things, [[holy]], ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης <span class="bibl">Od.10.426</span>; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>21</span>; [[λέχος]], of Zeus, ib.<span class="bibl">57</span>; [[δόσις]] the gift [[of God]], ib. <span class="bibl">93</span>; [[πόλεμος]] [[holy]] war, '[[crusade]]', <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>556</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of earthly things, [[hallowed]], [[consecrated]], βωμοί <span class="bibl">Il.2.305</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. δόμος</b>, of the temple of Athena, <span class="bibl">6.89</span>; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη <span class="bibl">1.99</span>,<span class="bibl">431</span>, etc.; ἐλαίη <span class="bibl">Od.13.372</span>; χοαί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>469</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἱρὰ γράμματα</b> [[hieroglyphics]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>; but <b class="b3">ἱ. γράμματα</b> of the <span class="title">Holy</span> Scriptures, <b class="b2">2 Ep.Tim</b>.<span class="bibl">3.15</span>; ἱ. βύβλοι <span class="title">OGI</span>56.70 (Canopus, iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1379</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>512</span>, etc.; χρήματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>568d</span>, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1285</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. σώματα</b>, of [[ἱερόδουλοι]], <span class="bibl">Str.6.2.6</span>; χῆνες Plu.2.325c; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.42</span>; so perh. ἱ. ἰχθύς <span class="bibl">Il.16.407</span>; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. [[sacrosanctus]], ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">TG</span>15</span>, etc.; of Augustus, <span class="title">Mon.Anc.Gr.</span> 5.17; <b class="b3">ἱ. νόμος</b> law [[of sacrifice]], <span class="bibl">D.21.35</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>685.81 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἱ. λόγος</b> [[legend]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.81</span>, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>335a</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. γάμος</b> [[mystical]] marriage, a religious ceremony, <span class="bibl">Men.320</span>, Phot. s.v.; opp. [[βέβηλος]], as [[sacred]] to [[profane]], <span class="bibl">D.H.7.8</span>, <span class="title">AB</span>223; but more freq. ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>5.4</span>, etc.; cf. [[ὅσιος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[under divine protection]], freq. of places, Ἴλιος <span class="bibl">Il.5.648</span>, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>8.4; Πύλος <span class="bibl">Od. 21.108</span>; Θήβη <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20a</span>.<span class="bibl">6</span>; <b class="b3">Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.100</span>; Ἀθῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.11.323</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>75</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>1221</span> (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1037</span>; Σούνιον ἱρόν <span class="bibl">Od.3.278</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. κύκλος</b> the judge's seat [[under the protection of Zeus]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.504</span>: with gen. of the divinity, <b class="b3">ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.322</span>, <span class="bibl">13.104</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>,<span class="bibl">2.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>937</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.3.13</span>, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>955e</span>; <b class="b3">χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">755e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>45a</span>; with gen. of a human being, Γναθίου . . ἱ. εἰμι <span class="title">IG</span>12.920. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος <span class="bibl">Il.10.56</span>; ἱ. πυλαωροί <span class="bibl">24.681</span>; στρατός <span class="bibl">Od.24.81</span>; βασιλέες <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.97</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. εὐσεβής τε</b>, of Oedipus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>287</span>; <b class="b3">ἅνθρωπος ἱ</b>. [[initiated]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>652</span>; c. gen. of a divinity, [[deuoted]], [[dedicated]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>75</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>85b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> under the Roman Empire,= [[sacer]], [[imperial]], ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.571 (Aezani, ii A.D.); <b class="b3">ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον</b>, ib.3.727 (Lycia), <span class="title">SIG</span>888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα</b> (of the [[praefectus Aegypti]]), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHamb.</span>4.8</span> (i A.D.): generally, [[worshipful]], ἱ. σύνοδος <span class="title">OGI</span>713.9 (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> as Subst., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> ἱερά, Ion. ἱρά, τά, [[offerings]], [[victims]], ἱερὰ ῥέξας <span class="bibl">Il.1.147</span>, etc.; ἔρδειν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>336</span>; διδόναι <span class="bibl">Od.16.184</span>; ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά <span class="bibl">Il.2.420</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.207</span>: less freq. in sg., ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ <span class="bibl">10.571</span>; θῦσαι ἱρά <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">8.54</span>, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν <span class="bibl">Id.2.63</span>; αἴθειν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>1033</span>; ἱ. πατρῷα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1015</span>; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια <span class="bibl">Democr.259</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., [[omens afforded by sacrifice]], τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.44</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν</b>] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.15</span>; simply <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">2.2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> generally, [[sacred objects]] or [[rites]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.172</span>,<span class="bibl">4.33</span>; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον <span class="bibl">D.57.3</span>; of [[cult-images]], [[IG Rom]].<span class="bibl">3.800</span> (syllium). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., ἱερόν, Ion. ἱρόν, τό, [[holy place]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.119</span>,al.; opp. [[νηός]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.170</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.90</span>,<span class="bibl">5.18</span>; freq. of a [[temple]], <b class="b3">ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ . . ἱρόν κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.112</span>; of the Jewish temple, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ch.</span>29.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.16.39.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.16.2.34</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>24.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης</b> [[a sacred principle]] of right, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1002</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> ἱερός, ὁ (sc. [[μήν]]), name of month at Delos, <span class="title">IG</span>12.377.22, 11(2).203<span class="title">A</span>31 (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[ἱεροί]], οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in <span class="title">SIG</span>1010.7 (Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, <span class="title">IG</span>5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 (Sparta). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> = [[ἱερόδουλος]], ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), <span class="title">Inscr.Perg.</span>572, <span class="title">GDI</span>5702.39 (Samos). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> special phrases, post-Hom., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> prov., <b class="b3">ἱ. ἄγκυρα</b> <b class="b2">one's last hope</b>, Plu. 2.815d, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">JTr.</span>51</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fug.</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll.1.93</span>, Gal.11.182. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. βόλος</b>, name of a throw at dice, <span class="bibl">Eub.57.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. βοτάνη</b>, v. [[βοτάνη]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[ἱ]]. (sc. [[γραμμή]]) (cf. γραμμή <span class="bibl">111.1</span>), [[last line]] of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας . . λίθον <span class="bibl">Alc.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epich.225</span>, <span class="bibl">Sophr.127</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς</b> (v.l. [[τὴν ἱεράν]]) <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cor.</span>32</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. ἰχθύς</b>,= [[ἀνθίας]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 620b35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.7.282e</span>, Plu.2.981d. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. λόχος</b>, v. [[λόχος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[ἱερά]] (sc. [[νίκη]]), ἡ, [[drawn contest]], [[dead heat]] (because the prize was assigned to the god), <span class="title">SIG</span>1073.48 (Olymp.); <b class="b3">ποιῆσαι ἱεράν</b>, of the competitor, Wood [[Ephesus]], [[App]].vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα <span class="title">Inscr.Olymp.</span>56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).525 (Larissa); <b class="b3">τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο</b> ib.527 (ibid.); [[ἱερός]] (sc. [[ἀγών]]) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., <b class="b3">ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον</b> 'divide the honours', <span class="bibl">Plb.1.58.5</span>, <span class="bibl">29.8.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. νόσος</b> [[epilepsy]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.33</span>, Hp.<span class="title">Morb. Sacr.</span>tit., <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.11.3</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.14</span>: metaph., τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε <span class="bibl">Heraclit.46</span> ( = <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>224</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἱ. ὁδός</b> [[the sacred]] road to Delphi, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.34</span>; also, from Athens to Eleusis, <span class="bibl">Cratin. 61</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.1.36.3</span>, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, <span class="bibl">Paus. 5.25.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. ὀστέον</b>, [[os sacrum]], the last bone of the spine, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Art.</span>45</span>, Plu.2.981d, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>5.8</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">11</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. συμβουλή</b> [[sacred duty of an adviser]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>321c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Thg.</span>122b</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span> 1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">12</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. σῦριγξ</b> [[spinal canal]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.180</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">13</span> <b class="b3">ἱερὰ τριήρης</b>, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), <span class="bibl">D.4.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">14</span> freq. in geographical names, e.g. <b class="b3">ἱ ἄκρα</b>, in Lycia, <span class="bibl">Str. 14.3.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον</b>, in Spain, <b class="b2">Cape St. Vincent</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.2.4.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. κώμη</b>, in Lydia, <span class="bibl">Plb.16.1.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. νῆσος</b>, one of the Liparean group, <span class="bibl">Th.3.88</span>; one of the [[insulae Aegates]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.60.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> [[holily]], [[ἀποθανεῖν]] v.l. in <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>27</span>. [ῐ by nature, but sts. ῑ in Ep., esp. in endings of hexameters, <b class="b3">ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.407</span>, <span class="bibl">8.66</span>, <span class="bibl">1.147</span>, <span class="bibl">11.631</span>; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.22</span>; also in compds. <b class="b3">ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος</b>: ῑ always in contr. form [[ἱρός]] wh. is used in Ep., Hdt., and some Ion. inscrr., as <span class="title">IG</span>12(8).265.9 (Thasos), cf. <span class="bibl">Semon.7.56</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.4.79</span>, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>268</span>, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]</span>