εἶμι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span>2sg. εἶ <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>83</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>990</span>, Ep. and Ion. εἶς <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 208</span>, εἶσθα <span class="bibl">Il. 10.450</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.69</span>; 3sg. [[εἶσι]]; pl. <b class="b3">ἴμεν, ἴτε, ἴᾱσι</b>: imper. [[ἴθι]] (also [[εἶ]] in the compd. ἔξει <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>633</span> acc. to Sch., but prob. indic.), 3pl. ἴτωσαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1480</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>765a</span>, also ἴτων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>32</span>, ἰόντων <span class="bibl">Th.4.118</span>, etc.: subj. [[ἴω]] (εἴω <span class="bibl">Sophr.48</span>); Ep. 2sg. ἴῃσθα <span class="bibl">Il.10.67</span>; Ep. 3sg. ἴῃσι <span class="bibl">9.701</span>; Ep. pl. [[ἴομεν]] (for -ωμεν) <span class="bibl">2.440</span>: opt. <b class="b3">ἴοιμι, οις, οι</b>, <span class="bibl">14.21</span>, etc.; ἰοίην Sapph.159, <span class="title">IG</span>4.760 (Troezen), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.16</span>, (διεξ-) <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.98</span>; Ep. ἰείη <span class="bibl">Il.19.209</span>, cf. περι-ιεῖεν <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.18 (Amphict. Delph.), εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.24.139</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.496</span>, εἴηι <span class="title">GDI</span>4986.7 (Crete): inf. [[ἰέναι]], Ep. [[ἴμεναι]] (ι in <span class="bibl">Il.20.365</span>) or [[ἴμεν]], also ἰέμεν Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.106 (dub. l.), <b class="b3">ἴναι [ῐ]</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Str.9.2.23</span>, ([[ἐξ]]-) Machoap.<span class="bibl">Ath.13.580c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>467.18</span> (<b class="b3">προσ-εῖναι</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>353</span>): part. <b class="b3">ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν</b>: impf. [[ᾔειν]], [[ᾔεις]] (δι-ῄεισθα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>26c</span>, ἐπεξ-ῄεισθα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthphr.</span>4b</span>), [[ᾔει]] or -ειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span> 38c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Criti.</span>117e</span>; Ep. and Ion. [[ἤϊα]], 3sg. [[ἤϊε]] (-εν), contr. ᾖε <span class="bibl">Od.18.257</span>; dual ᾔτην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>294d</span>; ''1'' and 2pl., [[ᾖμεν]], [[ᾖτε]]; 3pl., Ep. and Ion. [[ἤϊσαν]], Ep. also [[ἴσαν]], Att. [[ᾖσαν]] (μετ-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>605</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>161</span>, (ἐπ-) <span class="bibl">Od.19.445</span>, later [[ᾔεσαν]] (εἰσ-) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>32.1</span>, etc.; also 3sg. ἴε <span class="bibl">Il.2.872</span>, al.; Ep. 1pl. ᾔομεν <span class="bibl">Od.10.251</span>, al., 3dual ἴτην <span class="bibl">Il.1.347</span>; 3pl. ἤϊον <span class="bibl">Od.23.370</span>:—Med. pres. and impf. [[ἴεμαι]], [[ἰέμην]] are mere mistakes for [[ἵεμαι]], [[ἱέμην]] (from [[ἵημι]]), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1242</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>698</span>:—for fut. [[εἴσομαι]] and aor. Med. [[εἰσάμην]], in 3sg. [[εἴσατο]], [[ἐείσατο]], 3dual [[ἐεισάσθην]], v. [[εἴσομαι]] ''ΙΙ''.—The ind. [[εἶμι]] usu. has pres. sense in Hom. (fut., <span class="bibl">Il.1.426</span>, <span class="bibl">18.280</span>), but in Ion. Prose and Att. it serves as fut. to [[ἔρχομαι]] (q. v.), I [[shall go]], [[shall come]]: the pres. sense is sts. found in Poetry, prov. <b class="b3">αὐτόματοι δ' ἀγαθοὶ ἀγαθῶν ἐπὶ δαῖτας ἴασι</b> (cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174b</span>), cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.90</span>, also in compds. (προς-) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>242</span>, ([[ἐπ]]-) <span class="bibl">Th.4.61</span>, (συν-) <span class="bibl">Str.3.2.2</span>. [ῐ- in all tenses, exc. in Ep. Subj. [[ἴομεν]] for [[ἴωμεν]] at the beginning of a verse]:—[[come]] or [[go]], the special senses being given by the context, <b class="b3">οἴκαδ' ἴμεν</b> [[go]] home, <span class="bibl">Il.17.155</span>; τάχ' εἶσθα θύραζε <span class="bibl">Od.19.69</span>, etc.; [[come]], οὐδέ μιν οἴω νῦν ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Il.17.710</span>, etc.; [[go]], [[depart]], <span class="bibl">Od.2.367</span>; ὑπὸ τεῖχος ἰόντας <span class="bibl">Il.12.264</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> c.acc., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> c. acc. loci, [[go to]] or [[into]], <span class="bibl">Od.1.176</span>, <span class="bibl">18.194</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>637</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">ὁδὸν ἰέναι</b> [[go]] a road, <span class="bibl">Od.10.103</span>; so <b class="b3">τὴν ὀρεινήν</b> (sc. [[ὁδόν]]) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 2.4.22</span>: metaph., ἄδικον ὁδὸν ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Th.3.64</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[go through]] or [[over]], <b class="b3">τὸ μέσον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ</b>, of the sun, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">26</span>: in Hom., freq. c. gen., <b class="b3">ἰὼν πεδίοιο</b> [[going across]] the plain, <span class="bibl">Il.5.597</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> c. inf. aor., ἀλλά τις εἴη εἰπεῖν Ἀτρεΐδῃ <span class="bibl">Od.14.496</span>.—On the Homeric <b class="b3">βῆ δ' ἴμεν</b>, etc., v. [[βαίνω]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. part. fut., <b class="b3">Ἑλένην καλέουσ' ἴε</b> [[went]] to call her, <span class="bibl">Il.3.383</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.200</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.213</span>; <b class="b3">ἤϊα λέξων</b> I [[was going]] to tell, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.82</span>; ἴτω θύσων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>909d</span>; εἴ τις ἱστορίαν γράψων ἴῃ <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>39</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> also of other motions besides walking or running, as of [[going in a ship]], esp. ἐπὶ νηὸς ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Od.2.332</span>, etc.; of the [[flight]] of bees, <span class="bibl">Il.2.87</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of the [[motion]] of things, [<b class="b3">πέλεκυς] εἶσιν διὰ δουρός</b> the axe [[goes]] through the beam, <span class="bibl">3.61</span>; of clouds or vapour, <span class="bibl">4.278</span>; of the stars, <span class="bibl">22.317</span>; of time, <b class="b3">ἔτος εἶσι</b> the year [[will pass]], <span class="bibl">Od. 2.89</span>; <b class="b3">φάτις εἶσι</b> the report [[goes]], <span class="bibl">23.362</span>; χρόνος… ἰὼν πόρσω <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10</span> (''ΙΙ'').<span class="bibl">55</span>; <b class="b3">ἴτω κλαγγά, βοά</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>208</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>857</span> (lyr.); ἡ μοῖρ' ὅποιπερ εἶσ' ἴτω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1458</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>19a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> metaph. usages, <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς λόγους τινί</b> [[to enter]] on a conference with... <span class="bibl">Th.3.80</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς τοὺς πολέμους, ἐς τὴν ξυμμαχίαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.78</span>, <span class="bibl">5.30</span>; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς χεῖρας</b> [[to come]] to blows, <span class="bibl">Id.2.3</span>, <span class="bibl">81</span>; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς τὰ παραγγελλόμενα</b> [[to obey]] orders, <span class="bibl">Id.1.121</span>; διὰ δίκης ἰὼν πατρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>742</span>; <b class="b3">ἰέναι διὰ μάχης, διὰ φιλίας</b>, etc., v. [[διά]] A.IV.b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> imper. [[ἴθι]] (with or without [[δή]]) [[come now]]! mostly folld. by 2sg. imper., ἴ. ἐξήγεο <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.72</span>; <b class="b3">ἴθ' ἐγκόνει, ἴθ' ἐκκάλυψον</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>988</span>, <span class="bibl">1003</span>; ἴ. πέραινε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1170</span>; in full, <b class="b3">ἴ. καὶ πειρῶ</b> [[go]] and try, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.57</span>: with 1pl., ἴ. οὖν ἐπισκεψώμεθα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Prt.</span>332d</span>; ἴτε δὴ ἀκούσωμεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>797d</span>: 2dual, ἴθι δὴ παρίστασθον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1378</span>: also 2pl., ἴτε νεύσατε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>248</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>1413</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἴτω]] [[let it pass]], [[well then]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>120</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>798</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> part. added to Verbs, <b class="b3">φρονείτω μεῖζον ἢ κατ' ἄνδρ' ἰών</b> let him [[go and]] think... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>768</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1393</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>304</span>; βακχεύσεις ἰών <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>343</span>.—Cf. [[ἴσκω]].</span>