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κόβαλος: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=kovalos | |Transliteration C=kovalos | ||
|Beta Code=ko/balos | |Beta Code=ko/balos | ||
|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[impudent rogue]], [[arrant knave]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>450</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>1015</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>279</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.53.3</span>; of Midias, Phryn. Com.4: in pl., [[mischievous | |Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[kobalos]], [[impudent]] [[rogue]], [[arrant]] [[knave]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>450</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>1015</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>279</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.53.3</span>; of Midias, Phryn. Com.4: in pl., [[mischievous]] [[goblin]]s, invoked by [[rogue]]s, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>635</span>; of the owl, κ. καὶ μιμητής <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>597b23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Adj. [[κόβαλα]], [[τά]], [[knavish]] [[trick]]s, [[roguery|rogueries]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>104</span>; ὕβριστον ἔργον καὶ κ. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.162</span>. (For the orig. sense cf. [[κοβαλεύω]].)</span> | ||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
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{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
|elnltext= | |elnltext=κόβαλος -ον adj. doortrapt; subst. τὰ κόβαλα kwajongensstreken. subst. schurk, deugniet; personif. ὁ Κόβαλος Bedrog (demon). | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[impudent rogue]], [[mischievous knave]], also (parodizing) mischievous goblins (Ar., Arist., D. C.); as adj. ntr. [[κόβαλα]], <b class="b3">-ον</b> [[knavish tricks]] (Pherekr., Ar.).<br />Derivatives: [[κοβαλεία]] (Din.), [[κοβάλευμα]] (Et. Gen.) [[roguery]]; (<b class="b3">ἐκ)κοβαλικεύομαι</b> [[rogue]], [[deceive]] (Ar. Eq. 270) with [[κοβαλικεύματα]] pl. (Ar. Eq. 332); from <b class="b3">*κοβαλικός</b> ([[κοβαλικοῖσι]] conj. in Timocr. Fr. 1, 7 Diehl). - Also [[κοβαλεύω]] [[transport]] (pap., EM), NGr. [[κουβαλῶ]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, [[κοβαλισμός]] [[transport]] (pap.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Popular words without etymology. After Björck Alpha impurum 46f. a. 258f. with v. Wilamowitz prop. [[porter]], [[transport worker]], from where contemptible [[rogue]]; the original meaning would as a non Att.-Ion. element have been introduced in the koine. As home of [[κόβαλος]] v. Wilamowitz GGA 1898, 689 assumes Korinth; Zacher IFAnz. 18, 86 (s. also Kretschmer KZ 55, 85f.) and supposes, also hypothetically, that the word is Thraco-Phrygian (like [[κοάλεμος]]). Against connection with Lat. [[caballus]] ( | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[impudent rogue]], [[mischievous knave]], also (parodizing) mischievous goblins (Ar., Arist., D. C.); as adj. ntr. [[κόβαλα]], <b class="b3">-ον</b> [[knavish tricks]] (Pherekr., Ar.).<br />Derivatives: [[κοβαλεία]] (Din.), [[κοβάλευμα]] (Et. Gen.) [[roguery]]; (<b class="b3">ἐκ)κοβαλικεύομαι</b> [[rogue]], [[deceive]] (Ar. Eq. 270) with [[κοβαλικεύματα]] pl. (Ar. Eq. 332); from <b class="b3">*κοβαλικός</b> ([[κοβαλικοῖσι]] conj. in Timocr. Fr. 1, 7 Diehl). - Also [[κοβαλεύω]] [[transport]] (pap., EM), NGr. [[κουβαλῶ]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, [[κοβαλισμός]] [[transport]] (pap.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Popular words without etymology. After Björck Alpha impurum 46f. a. 258f. with v. Wilamowitz prop. [[porter]], [[transport worker]], from where contemptible [[rogue]]; the original meaning would as a non Att.-Ion. element have been introduced in the koine. As home of [[κόβαλος]] v. Wilamowitz GGA 1898, 689 assumes Korinth; Zacher IFAnz. 18, 86 (s. also Kretschmer KZ 55, 85f.) and supposes, also hypothetically, that the word is Thraco-Phrygian (like [[κοάλεμος]]). Against connection with Lat. [[caballus]] (Grégoire Byzantion 13, 287ff.; cf. on [[καβάλλης]]) s. Björck l. c. - The word is prob. Pre-Greek. | ||
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|ftr='''κόβαλος''': {kóbālos}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Spitzbube]], [[Gauner]], [[Halunke]], auch (parodierend) Ben. böser Genien (Ar., Arist., D. C.); als Adj. ntr. κόβαλα, -ον [[gaunerisch]] (Pherekr., Ar.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon (über [[κοβαλεύω]], s. unten) [[κοβαλεία]] (Din.), κοβάλευμα (''Et''. ''Gen''.) [[Gaunerei]]; (ἐκ)κοβαλικεύομαι [[gaunern]], [[betrügen]] (Ar. ''Eq''. 270) mit κοβαλικεύματα pl. (Ar. ''Eq''. 332); zunächst von *κοβαλικός (κοβαλικοῖσι Konj. bei Timokr. ''Fr''. 1, 7 Diehl). — Daneben [[κοβαλεύω]] [[transportieren]] (Pap., ''EM''), ngr. κουβαλῶ ib., [[κοβαλισμός]] [[Transport]] (Pap.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Volkstümliche Wörter ohne Etymologie. Nach Björck Alpha impurum 46f. u. 258f. mit v. Wilamowitz eig. [[Lastträger]], [[Transportarbeiter]], woraus verächtlich [[Gauner]], [[Halunke]]; die ursprüngliche Bedeutung wäre als ein nicht att.-ion. Element in die Koine übernommen. Als Heimat von [[κόβαλος]] vermutet v. Wilamowitz GGA 1898, 689 Korinth; Zacher IFAnz. 18, 86 (s. auch Kretschmer KZ 55, 85f.) betrachtet, ebenfalls hypothetisch, das Wort als thrakisch-phrygisch (wie [[κοάλεμος]]). Gegen Zusammenhang mit lat. ''caballus'' (Grégoire Byzantion 13, 287ff.; vgl. zu [[καβάλλης]]) s. Björck a. a. O. m. weiterer Lit.<br />'''Page''' 1,889 | |ftr='''κόβαλος''': {kóbālos}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Spitzbube]], [[Gauner]], [[Halunke]], auch (parodierend) Ben. böser Genien (Ar., Arist., D. C.); als Adj. ntr. κόβαλα, -ον [[gaunerisch]] (Pherekr., Ar.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon (über [[κοβαλεύω]], s. unten) [[κοβαλεία]] (Din.), κοβάλευμα (''Et''. ''Gen''.) [[Gaunerei]]; (ἐκ)κοβαλικεύομαι [[gaunern]], [[betrügen]] (Ar. ''Eq''. 270) mit κοβαλικεύματα pl. (Ar. ''Eq''. 332); zunächst von *κοβαλικός (κοβαλικοῖσι Konj. bei Timokr. ''Fr''. 1, 7 Diehl). — Daneben [[κοβαλεύω]] [[transportieren]] (Pap., ''EM''), ngr. κουβαλῶ ib., [[κοβαλισμός]] [[Transport]] (Pap.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Volkstümliche Wörter ohne Etymologie. Nach Björck Alpha impurum 46f. u. 258f. mit v. Wilamowitz eig. [[Lastträger]], [[Transportarbeiter]], woraus verächtlich [[Gauner]], [[Halunke]]; die ursprüngliche Bedeutung wäre als ein nicht att.-ion. Element in die Koine übernommen. Als Heimat von [[κόβαλος]] vermutet v. Wilamowitz GGA 1898, 689 Korinth; Zacher IFAnz. 18, 86 (s. auch Kretschmer KZ 55, 85f.) betrachtet, ebenfalls hypothetisch, das Wort als thrakisch-phrygisch (wie [[κοάλεμος]]). Gegen Zusammenhang mit lat. ''caballus'' (Grégoire Byzantion 13, 287ff.; vgl. zu [[καβάλλης]]) s. Björck a. a. O. m. weiterer Lit.<br />'''Page''' 1,889 | ||
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==Wikipedia EL== | |||
Στην αρχαία ελληνική μυθολογία με το όνομα Κόβαλοι ήταν γνωστή μία ομάδα από δαίμονες που ανήκαν στην ακολουθία του θεού Διονύσου. Οι Κόβαλοι αναφέρονται από τον Αριστοφάνη, ο οποίος τους χαρακτηρίζει «κακόβουλους», «πανούργους» και «υβριστές». Είναι πιθανό να σχετίζονται με τον δαίμονα Κοάλεμο. Η λέξη «Κόβαλοι» έχει κοινή ρίζα με τη γερμανική Kobold = στοιχειό, δαιμόνιο, κακό πνεύμα. Η λέξη Kobold έδωσε το όνομά της στο χημικό στοιχείο της ύλης κοβάλτιο (εξαιτίας των τοξικών ορυκτών του). | |||
==Wikipedia EN== | |||
The kobalos (pl. kobaloi) (Ancient Greek: Κόβαλος, plural: Κόβαλοι) was a sprite from Greek mythology, a mischievous creature fond of tricking and frightening mortals. The kobaloi were companions of Dionysus and could shapeshift as Dionysus in the guise of Choroimanes-Aiolomorphos. According to one myth, they robbed Herakles while he slept. He captured them in revenge but took pity on them when he found them amusing. In one version of the myth, Herakles gave them to the Lydian queen Omphale as a gift. The kobaloi were thought to live in Euboea or near Thermopylae. Parents used tales of the kobaloi to frighten children into behaving. | |||
Greek myths depict the kobaloi as "impudent, thieving, droll, idle, mischievous, gnome-dwarfs", and as "funny, little triksy elves" of a phallic nature. The term also means "impudent knave, arrant rogue" in ancient Greek, and such individuals were thought to invoke kobaloi spirits. Depictions of kobaloi are common in ancient Greek art. | |||
The kobalos is related to two other Greek sprites: the kabeiroi (pygmies with large phalluses) and the kerkopes. The kobalos and kabeiroi came to be equated. Nineteenth Century classicists proposed that other European sprites may derive from belief in kobaloi. This includes spirits such as the Northern English boggart, Scottish bogle, French goblin, Medieval gobelinus, German kobold, and English Puck. Likewise, the names of many European spirits may derive from the word kobalos. The word entered Latin as cobalus, then possibly French as gobelin. From this, the English goblin and Welsh coblyn may derive. | |||
