ἀσπίς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ίδος, ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[shield]], [[εὔκυκλος]] <span class="bibl">Il.14.428</span>, al.; [[κυκλοτερής]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.194</span>; ἀσπίδος [[κύκλος]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>489</span>; ὀμφαλόεσσα <span class="bibl">Il.4.448</span>, al.; opp. Thracian [[πέλτη]] and Persian [[γέρρον]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>3.9.2</span>; ἀσπίδα [[ῥῖψαι]], [[ἀποβαλεῖν]], <span class="bibl">Anacr.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.95</span>: to [[estimate]] a [[victory]], ἀσπίδας ἔλαβον ὡς διακοσίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.2.3</span>: metaph., οὗτος γὰρ ἡμῖν ἀ. οὐ μικρὰ θράσους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1437</span>; τὴν ἀ. ἀποβέβληκεν τοῦ βίον Nicostr. Com.<span class="bibl">29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>62.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> collective, [[body of men-at-arms]], ὀκτακισχιλίη ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>78</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> military phrases, ἐπ' ἀσπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι [[τάξασθαι]] to be drawn up twenty-five [[deep]] or in [[file]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.93</span>; στρατιὰν τεταγμένην οὐκ ἐπ' ὀλίγων ἀσπίδων <span class="bibl">Id.7.79</span>; [[ἵστασθαι]] ἐπὶ τρεῖς ἀσπίδας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>66</span>; [[ἐπὶ μιᾶς ἀσπίδος]] in single line, <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.99</span>; [[ἐπ' ἀσπίδα]], [[παρ' ἀσπίδα]] (opp. [[ἐπὶ δόρυ]]), [[on the left]], [[towards the left]] or [[to the left]], because the [[shield]] was on the [[left]] [[arm]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>4.3.26</span>; [[παρ' ἀσπίδος]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>624</span>; [[ἐξ ἀσπίδος]] <span class="bibl">Plb.11.23.5</span>; but [[παρ' ἀσπίδα]], literally, [[beside the shield]], <span class="bibl">Il. 16.400</span>; [[παρ' ἀσπίδα στῆναι]] = [[stand]] in [[battle]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>250</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1001</span>; παρ' ἀσπίδα [[βεβηκέναι]] ib.<span class="bibl">1073</span>; [[ἐκπονεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Or.</span>653</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hel.</span>734</span>; ἐς ἀσπίδ' [[ἥξειν]] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1326</span>; ἀσπίδας [[συγκλείειν]] (cf. [[συγκλείω]]) ; ἀσπίδα [[τίθεσθαι]] = [[serve]] in the [[rank]]s, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>756a</span>; but [[θέσθαι τὰς ἀσπίδας]] = [[pile]] [[shield]]s, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.12</span>; [[ἐπειδὰν ἀσπὶς ψοφῇ]] when the [[shield]]s [[ring]], i.e. when two bodies of men [[meet]] in a [[charge]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.3.29</span>; ἀσπίδα [[ἀναδέξαι]], [[ἆραι]], as a [[signal]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.115</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.1.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of a [[round]], [[flat]] [[bowl]], <span class="bibl">Aristopho 14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[boss]] on a [[door]], <span class="title">IG</span>4.1484.79 (Epid.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[asp]], [[Egyptian]] [[cobra]], [[Coluber haié]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.191</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.702</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>158</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.570</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>10.31</span>; a play on signff. I and II, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ornament]] in this form, <span class="title">OGI</span>90.43 (Rosetta).</span>

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{{pape

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0373.png Seite 373]] ίδος, ἡ, 1) der Schild; oft bei Hom.; aus Lagen von Rindsleder, ταυρείην Iliad. 13, 160, βοείας 5, 453, βῶν ἀζαλέην 7, 238; bedeckt mit Metall, χαλκείην 12, 294, φαεινὴν 5, 437; rund, εὐκύκλους 5, 453, πάντοσ' ἐίσην 17, 7; mannslang, ἀμφιβρότην 11, 32, ποδηνεκέα 15, 646, τερμιόεσσα 16, 803; mit Buckeln, oder einem Buckel in der Mitte, ὀμφαλόεσσαι 4, 448; überhaupt mannigfach verziert, πολυδαίδαλον 11, 32; an einem Riemen getragen; s. Iliad. 3, 347. 5, 796. 6, 117. 11, 32. 12, 294. 13, 192. 405. 803. 14, 371. 377. 18, 478 sqq. 19, 373. 20, 268. 274. Vgl. Lehrs Aristarch. p. 194. Die [[ἀσπίς]] ist ein Hauptstück in der Rüstung Schwerbewaffneter; daher bezeichnet das Wort auch ein Heer von Schwerbewaffneten, πολλὴ [[ἀσπίς]] Eur. Phoen. 78; ὀκτακισχιλίη [[ἀσπίς]], 8000 Schildträger, Her. 5, 30; μυρία [[ἀσπίς]] Xen. An. 1, 7, 10, wo ihnen die Peltasten entgegengesetzt sind; vgl. Hell. 6, 5, 19; ἐπ' ἀσπίδας [[πέντε]] καὶ [[εἴκοσι]] τάττεσθαι, die Schwerbewaffneten 25 Mann hoch aufstellen, Thuc. 4, 93; vgl. ἐπ' ἀσπίδων τετάχθαι. Da der Schild mit der Linken gehalten wird, heißt, bes. beim Commando, ἐξ ἀσπίδος von der Linken, Pol. 10, 23, 5 u. öfter; ἐπ' ἀσπίδα u. παρ' ἀσπίδα, zur Linken, z. B. παράγειν, links aufmarschiren, Xen. An. 4, 3, 26; Pol. 6, 40, 12. 11, 23, 2; παρ' ἀσπίδος, von der Linken, Aesch. Spt. 606. Übertr. a) Schutz, Aesch. Ag. 1412. – b) Treffen, Gefecht, Eur. εἰς ἀσπίδ' ἥξειν Phoen. 1336 u. sonst bei Tragg. – 2) die Aspis, eine giftige Schlange, Opp. C. 3, 433; Men. monost. 261. – 3) ein rundes Trinkgefäß, Aristophon. Ath. XI, 472 c.

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==Wikipedia EN==

An aspis (Ancient Greek: ἀσπίς, plural aspides, ἀσπίδες), sometimes also referred to as an hoplon (Greek: ὅπλον), was the heavy wooden shield used by the infantry in various periods of ancient Greece.

An aspis was deeply dished and made primarily of wood. Some had a thin sheet of bronze on the outer face, often just around the rim. In some periods, the convention was to decorate the shield; in others, it was usually left plain. Probably the most famous aspis decoration is that of Sparta (Lacedaemon): a capital lambda (Λ), for Lacedaemon its alternative name (Λακεδαίμων). From the late 5th century BC, Athenian hoplites commonly used the little owl, while the shields of Theban hoplites were sometimes decorated with a sphinx, or the club of Heracles.