ἀναγκαῖος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=α, ον, in Att. also ος, ον <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>554a</span>, etc.: <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[of]], [[with]], or <b class="b2">by force:</b> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> Act., [[constraining]], [[applying force]], <b class="b3">μῦθος ἀ</b>. a word [[of force]], <span class="bibl">Od.17.399</span>; <b class="b3">χρειὼ ἀ</b>. [[urgent]] necessity, <span class="bibl">Il.8.57</span>; <b class="b3">ἦμαρ ἀ</b>. day [[of constraint]], i.e. life [[of slavery]], <span class="bibl">16.836</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τύχη</b> a doom [[imposed by fate]], or [[fateful]] chance, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>485</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">803</span> (but, [[fatal]] chance, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>48</span>); πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμ' ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ <span class="bibl">Thgn.472</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">297</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>230</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους</b> by the [[compulsory nature]] of our rule, <span class="bibl">Th.5.99</span>; δεσμὸς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.33</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀναγκαίου</b> under [[stress of circumstances]], <span class="bibl">Th.7.60</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[forcible]], [[cogent]], πειθώ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>265d</span>; ἀποδείξεις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>40e</span>; διαλλακτὰς πολὺ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ἀναγκαιοτέρους <span class="bibl">Th.4.60</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων</b> the [[more authoritative]] copies, Sch.<span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>390</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Pass., [[constrained]], [[forced]], twice in Od., <b class="b3">πολεμισταὶ ἀ</b>. soldiers [[perforce]], <span class="bibl">Od.24.499</span>; so <b class="b3">δμῶες ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">210</span> (where however Eust. expl. it [[χρειώδεις]] [[trusty]], [[serviceable]], v. infr. <span class="bibl">6</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[necessary]] (physically or morally), <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀ</b>. [[unnecessary]] (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1015a20</span>ff.), <b class="b3">ἀ. [ἐστί</b>] [[it is necessary to]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1317</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότατον</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.65</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. κακόν</b> [[a necessary]] evil, <span class="bibl">Men.651</span>, cf. Hybreasap.<span class="bibl">Str.14.2.24</span>: also c. inf., ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 449b</span>; ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην εἶναι τρέπεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>242b</span>; [<b class="b3">μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι</b> [[necessary]] for us to have learnt them before, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>643c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> τὰ ἀ. [[necessaries of life]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>848a</span>; τὰ ἀ. τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.40</span>; ἀ. τροφή <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> τὰ ἀ. [[things necessary to be done]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.6</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ</b>. the [[appointed order of things]], [[HG]] <span class="bibl">1.7.33</span>; θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>584</span> codd.: <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ</b>., = [[ἀνάγκη]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ph.</span>200a31</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[indispensable]], i. e. [[a bare minimum]], freq. in Sup., <b class="b3">τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος</b> [[the least]] height [[that was absolutely necessary]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις</b> [[the least that could be called]] a city, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>369d</span>; ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1291a12</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ' εἰπεῖν</b> give [[a bare outline]] of the facts, <span class="bibl">D.18.126</span>, cf. 168; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια</b> [[the most distant degree]] of kinship [[recognized by law]], <span class="bibl">44.26</span>: less freq. in Posit., οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>: hence, [[scanty]], [[makeshift]], παρασκευή <span class="bibl">6.37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of persons, [[connected by necessary]] or [[natural ties]], i. e. [[related by blood]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>574b</span>; ἀ. δόμοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>533</span>; οἱ ἀ. [[kinsfolk]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.4.1</span>; ἀ. φίλοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>671</span>; συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι <span class="bibl">D.19.290</span>; τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>10.24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>2.142.2</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> Astrol., [[efficacious]], <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.63.1</span> (Comp.): <b class="b3">ἀ. γραμμή</b> line [[of fate]], Cat.Cod.Astr.7.238. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[costly]], ὄξος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1870</span> (v A. D.); ἐσθής Suid. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[βεστιάριον]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ως</b> [[of necessity]], [[perforce]], <b class="b3">ἀ. ἔχει</b> it [[must]] be so, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.89</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>239</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>723</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>91e</span>, etc.; ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.140</span>.ά, al.; <b class="b3">ἀ. φέρειν</b>, opp. [[ἀνδρείως]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.64</span>; [[as best might be]], <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ti.</span>69d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν</b> [[in a narrow sense]] (cf. <span class="bibl">11.4</span>, but prob. with play on <span class="bibl">111.1</span>), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>527a</span>; πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Babr.55.2</span>:—Sup. ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>40c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[strictly]], κελεύειν <span class="title">OGI</span>669.41 (i A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τόποι</b> [[privy]] parts, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.113.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ἀναγκαῖον, τό,</b> v. sub v.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0183.png Seite 183]] bei den Attikern oft auch 2 End., Thuc. 1, 2; Plat. Rep. VIII, 559 a u. sonst; 1) zwingend, nöthigend, χρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ, aus dringender Noth, Il. 8, 57; [[μῦθος]] ἀν., ein Machtspruch, dem man gehorchen muß, Od. 17, 399; [[ἦμαρ]] ἀν., = δούλιον, der Zwingtag, der Freie zu Knechten macht, Il. 16, 836, wie bei Soph. Ai. 480 [[τύχη]] ἀναγκαία, das Sklavenloos; vgl. Eur. I. A. 511; λόγοι El. 293; [[πειθώ]], d. i. unwiderstehliche Überredung, Plat. Soph. 265 d; δεσμὸς ἀν., hemmende Fessel, Theocr. 24, 33; [[χαλινός]] Tryph. 97; τὸ [[ἀναγκαῖον]], das Gefängniß, Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 18, welches die alten Gramm. als Eigenthümlich Keit. bemerken. – 2) gezwungen, Hom. Od. 24, 210 δμῶες ἀναγκαῖοι, wo jedoch Einige χρειώδεις: nützliche, unentbehrliche erklärten, s. Scholl.; 24, 499 ἀναγκαῖοι πολεμισταί, wo beide Erklärungen in den Scholl. wiederkehren; auch aw unangenehm, peinlich, Theogn. 291. 464. – 3) physische Verbindlichkeit in sich schließend, nothwendig, τὰ ἀναγκαῖα, Naturbedürfnisse, wie Schlaf, Nahrung, Ausleerungen, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 11; ἰέναι ἐπὶ τὰ ἀν. 1, 6, 36; τροφὴ ἀν. Plat. Legg. VIII, 848 a; τὰ ἀν., das nach einer Schicksalsnothwendigkeit gewiß Geschehende, Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 6, im Ggstz von ἄδηλα, [[ὅπως]] ἂν ἀποβήσοιτο; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀναγκαῖα, die von Gott bestimmte Ordnung der Dinge, Naturnothwendigkeit, Hell. 1, 7, 10; [[θάνατος]] πᾶσι κοινὸς καὶ [[ἀναγκαῖος]] An. 3, 1, 43. Dah. unentbehrlich, μαθήματα Plat. Legg. I, 643 c; πόσεις Xen. Lac. 5, 4; auch = [[αἰδοῖον]], Artemid. 1, 45; τὸ ἀν., die Noth, Thuc. 5, 99; [[ὅπλισις]], nothdürftige Bewaffnung, 5, 8, wie ἀπομάχεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ ἀναγκαιοτάτου ὕψους 1, 90; ἡ [[πόλις]] ἀναγκαιοτάτη εἴη ἂν ἐκ τεττάρων ἢ [[πέντε]] ἀνδρῶν, die nothdürftigste Stadt, Plat. Rep. II, 369 d. Häufig ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, es ist durchaus nothwendig, mit darauf folgendem inf., wofür auch Plat. Soph. 242 b τὴν ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην ἡμῖν εἶναι τρέπεσθαι, es sei nothwendig, daß wir diesen Weg einschlagen; vgl. Legg. I, 643 c. – 4) blutsverwandt, wie necessarius, [[μήτηρ]], [[πατήρ]], Plat. Rep. IX, 574 b u. sonst; vgl. Philem. Stob. Fl. 108, 33. – Adv. ἀναγκαίως, nothwendiger Weise, ἀναγκαίως μοι ἔχει οὕτω ποιεῖν, ich muß so handeln, Her. 8, 140, vgl. 1, 89; ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, es ist nothwendig, Aesch. Ch. 237; Soph. Tr. 270; Eur. Herc. Fur. 859; Her. 1, 89. 8, 140; ἀν. ἔχω Lys. 6, 35. Einen compar. ἀναγκαιέστερον hat Epicharm. bei Eust. Od. 1441, 15.

|auten=η, ον ([[ἀνάγκη]]): constraining; [[μῦθος]], [[command]] ‘of [[force]],’ Od. 17.399, [[χρειώ]], ‘[[dire]]’ [[need]], Il. 8.57; esp. [[with]] [[reference]] to [[slavery]], [[ἦμαρ]] [[ἀναγκαῖον]] (= δούλιον [[ἦμαρ]]), Il. 16.836, δμῶες ἀναγκαῖοι, ‘[[bond]]’ servants, Od. 24.210 ; πολεμισταί, warriors ‘[[perforce]],’ Od. 24.499.