ῥάσσω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Att. ῥάττω, (κατα-) <span class="bibl">Plb.10.48.7</span>, (συρ-) <span class="bibl">D.H.8.18</span>: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ῥάξω <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>9.11(10)</span>, (ξυρ-) <span class="bibl">Th.8.96</span>: aor. ἔρραξα <span class="bibl">D.54.8</span>, Apollod. Com.<span class="bibl">22</span>, (συν-) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.5.16</span>:—Pass., fut. (in med. form) [[ῥάξομαι]] (καταρ-) <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>44</span>: aor. ἐρράχθην <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Da.</span>8.10</span>, (ἐπι-) <span class="bibl">D.H.8.18</span>:— like [[ἀράσσω]], [[strike]], [[dash]], τινὰ εἰς τὸν βόρβορον D. l.c.; [[overthrow]], τινας LXX <span class="title">Is.</span> l.c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Ion. form ῥήσσω, of dancers, [[beat the ground]], [[dance]], ῥήσσοντες ἁμαρτῇ μολπῇ τ' ἰυγμῷ τε ποσὶ σκαίροντες ἕποντο <span class="bibl">Il.18.571</span>; οἱ δὲ ῥήσσοντες ἕποντο <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>516</span>; for which <span class="bibl">A.R. 1.539</span> has in full, <b class="b3">ὥστε . . πέδον ῥήσσωσι πόδεσσι</b>:—so also αἴρῃσιν ὅτε ῥήσσοιτο σίδηρος <span class="bibl">Euph.51.9</span>; <b class="b3">ῥήσσειν τύμπανα</b> [[beat]] them [[violently]], AP 7.709 (Alexander). [[[ῥάσσω]] (ῥάττω) prob. has ᾱ by nature, as shown by Ion. [[ῥήσσω]]: cf. [[ἀράσσω]]:—the Ion. form is found also in the [[κοινή]], as <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Wi.</span>4.19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>9.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>9.42</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.20.9</span>.]</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to beat, to smash, to thrust, to stamp</b> (also of dancers), intr. [[to strike]], [[to dash]] (hell.).<br />Other forms: Att. [[ῥάττω]], Ion. [[ῥήσσω]] (ep. Σ 571, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> ῥάσσω Ω 454, 456, h.Ap. 516, also LXX, NT), fut. [[ῥάξω]], aor. [[ῥᾶξαι]] (Att., hell.), [[ῥαχθῆναι]] (LXX).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σύρ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρόσ-ραξις</b> f. [[crash]], [[impact]] (Arist., pap.), <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b> ῥάσσω n. of a ball-game (Poll., Eust.). 2. <b class="b3">κατα-ρράκτης</b> as adj. [[rushing down]], [[precipitous]] (S., Str.), as subst. m. [[waterfall]] (D. S., Str.), [[portcullis]], [[boarding bridge]] (LXX, App. a.o.), n. bird that sweeps down (Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">Κατα-ρρήκτης</b> m. n. of a river in Phrygia (Hdt.); <b class="b3">κατα-ρρακτήρ</b> [[rushing down]] (Lyc.; of a bird). 3. <b class="b3">ῥακτήριον ὄρχησίς τις</b>, <b class="b3">-τήρια τύμπανα</b> H., [[ῥακτήριος]] approx. [[suitable for beating]], also [[clamorous]]? (S. Fr. 802 u. 699); [[ῥάκτριαι]] f. (<b class="b3">-ια</b> n.?) pl. [[staffs]], [[to beat off olives]] (Poll., H., Phot.). On <b class="b3">ῥάγ-δην</b>, <b class="b3">-δαῖος</b> s. [[ῥαγή]]; on [[ῥαχία]] s.v.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Rather rare verb, which in the koine was confused with [[ῥήγνυμι]]. Without certain connection. As before the <b class="b3">ῥ-</b> a consonant must have disappeared, an original PGr. <b class="b3">*Ϝράχ-ι̯ω</b> (cf. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ία</b>) can be identified with a Slavic verb for [[beat]] (also with loss of <b class="b2">u̯-</b>), e.g. Russ. <b class="b2">razítь</b>, Czech. [[raziti]], to which a.o. Czech. <b class="b2">ráz</b> [[stroke]], [[stamp]], Russ. [[raz]] [[turn]], IE <b class="b2">*u̯rāǵ(h)-</b> (WP. 1, 318f. with Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 24 f.). The Slav. words, however, have also been connected with Russ. <b class="b2">rézatь</b> [[cut]], [[slaughter]], OCS <b class="b2">rězati</b> [[κόπτειν]]' etc. and so with [[ῥήγνυμι]] (s. Vasmer s. [[raz]] II and Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">rė́zti</b> 1), which however clearly semant. slightly deviate. (As in Greek [[ῥήσσω]] and [[ῥήγνυμι]], so in Slav. the corresponding verbs may have partly coalesced. -- The attractive connection with [[ἀράσσω]] (Bechtel Lex. s. [[ῥήσσω]] with Joh. Schmidt; cf. <b class="b3">ταλα-</b> : <b class="b3">τλα-</b>, [[ταράξαι]] : [[θράσσω]]) would require a PGr. <b class="b3">*Ϝαράχ-ι̯ω</b>; but there is no trace of a <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>. Cf. [[ῥάχις]].

|ftr='''ῥάσσω''': (hell.),<br />{rhássō}<br />'''Forms''': att. [[ῥάττω]], ion. [[ῥήσσω]] (ep. seit Σ 571, ἐπι- ~ Ω 454, 456, ''h''.''Ap''. 516, auch LXX, NT u.a.), Fut. ῥάξω, Aor. ῥᾶξαι (att., hell.), ῥαχθῆναι (LXX usw.),<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘schlagen, niederschmettern, stoßen, stamp- fen’ (auch von Tänzern), intr. [[losschlagen]], [[losstürzen]].<br />'''Composita''' : auch m. Präfix, z.B. ἐπι-, συν-, κατα-,<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. σύρ-, [[πρόσραξις]] f. ‘Zusammen-, Anstoß’ (Arist., Pap. u.a.), [[ἀπό]]- ~ N. eines Ballspiels (Poll., Eust.). 2. [[καταρράκτης]] als Adj. [[herabstürzend]], [[abschüssig]] (S., Str.), als Subst. m. [[Wasserfall]] (D. S., Str.), [[Fallgatter]], [[Enterbrücke]] (LXX, App. u.a.), N. eines herabstürzenden Vogels (Ar., Arist. usw.), Καταρρήκτης m. N. eines Flusses in Phrygien (Hdt.); [[καταρρακτήρ]] [[herabstürzend]] (Lyk.; von einem Vogel). 3. ῥακτήριον· ὄρχησίς [[τις]], -τήρια· τύμπανα H., [[ῥακτήριος]] etwa [[zum Schlagen geeignet]], auch [[lärmend]]? (S. ''Fr''. 802 u. 699); ῥάκτριαι f. (-ια n.?) pl. [[Stäbe]], [[um Oliven abzuschlagen]] (Poll., H., Phot.). Zu [[ῥάγδην]], -δαῖος s. [[ῥαγή]]; zu [[ῥαχία]] bes. Verhältnismäßig seltenes Verb, das in der Koine mit [[ῥήγνυμι]] zusammengeworfen wurde.<br />'''Etymology''' : Ohne sichere Anknüpfung. Da vor ῥ- ein Konsonant geschwunden sein muß, kann ein urgr. *ϝράχι̯ω (vgl. [[ῥαχία]]) mit einem slavischen Verb für [[schlagen]] (ebenfalls mit ''u̯''-Schwund) identifiziert werden, z.B. russ. ''razítь'', ''č''ech. ''raziti'', wozu u.a. ''č''ech. ''ráz'' [[Schlag]], [[Gepräge]], russ. ''raz'' [[Mal]], idg. *''u̯rāĝ''(''h'')- (WP. 1, 318f. mit Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 24 f.). Die slav. Wörter sind aber auch mit russ. ''rézatь'' [[schneiden]], [[schlachten]], aksl. ''rězati'' ’κόπτειν’ usw. und dadurch mit [[ῥήγνυμι]] verbunden worden (s. Vasmer s. ''raz'' II und Fraenkel s. ''rė́zti'' 1), die aber unleugbar semantisch davon etwas abweichen. Wie im Griech. [[ῥήσσω]] und [[ῥήγνυμι]] können übrigens im Slav. die entsprechenden Verba z.T. zusammengeflossen sein. — Die begrifflich sehr ansprechende Anknüpfung an [[ἀράσσω]] (Bechtel Lex. s. [[ῥήσσω]] mit Joh. Schmidt; vgl. ταλα- : τλα-, ταράξαι : [[θράσσω]]) scheint ein urgr. *ϝαράχι̯ω vorauszusetzen; von ϝ- fehlt aber jede Spur. Vgl. zu [[ῥάχις]].<br />'''Page''' 2,643-644