πυρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(in dialects also σπυρός (q. v.)), ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[wheat]], [[Triticum vulgare]], <b class="b3">μελίφρονα, μελιηδέα πυρόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.8.188</span>, <span class="bibl">10.569</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πυρὸν ἄλεσσαν</b> ground [[it]], <span class="bibl">Od.20.109</span>; given to geese, <span class="bibl">19.536</span>: pl., with other grains, πυροί τε ζειαί τε ἰδ' εὐρυφυὲς κρῖ λευκόν <span class="bibl">4.604</span>; πυροὶ καὶ κριθαί <span class="bibl">9.110</span>, <span class="bibl">19.112</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.11.69</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.38, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>, <span class="bibl">4.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1405</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span> 1145</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>580</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.22</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.145</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.4.3</span>, Dsc.2.85, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[a grain of wheat]], ἐξ ἑνὸς πυροῦ εἷς πυθμήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>728b35</span>, cf. Plu.<span class="title">in Hes.</span>84. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. ἄγριος</b>,= <b class="b3">χελιδόνιον τὸ μικρόν</b>, Dsc.2.181. (Cf. Lith. [[pūraĩ]] (pl.) 'wheat', and perh. [[πυρήν]].)</span>

|elnltext=πῡρός -οῦ, ὁ, meestal plur., tarwe.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">(grain of) wheat</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: mostly pl. [[πυροί]] (Schwyzer-Debr. 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2, 30), Dor. (Cos, Thera, Syracuse a.o.) [[σπυρός]].<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πυρο-φόρος</b> [[wheat-bearing]] (Il.), <b class="b3">διόσ-πυρον</b> n. <b class="b2">the cherry-like fruit of Celtis australis</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">-πυρος</b> m. = [[λιθόσπερμον]] (Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 128 a. 138); on the gender cf. [[βούτυρον]], <b class="b3">-ος</b> (s.v.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. [[πυρίδια]] pl. n. (Ar., pap.); the adj. <b class="b3">πύρ-ινος</b> (E., X., hell.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (pap.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">-άμινος</b> (Hes. fr. 117 a.o.; after <b class="b3">κυάμ-</b>, <b class="b3">σησάμ-ινος</b>; Forbes Mnem. 4 : 11, 157) [[of wheat]], <b class="b3">-αμίς</b>, <b class="b3">-αμοῦς</b> (s. v.); the subst. <b class="b3">πυρ-ίτης ἄρτος</b> [[wheat-bread]] (Aët.), <b class="b3">αὑτο-πυρίτης</b> (Phryn. Com., Hp.) = <b class="b3">αὑτό-πυρος</b> a. o. (Redard 90). -- Also [[πυρήν]], <b class="b3">-ῆνος</b> m. [[pip]], [[stone of fruit]] (Ion., Arist., hell.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 125f.) with <b class="b3">ἀ-πύρην-ος</b> [[pitless]] (Ar. Fr. 118, Thphr. etc.) a.o.; <b class="b3">πυρην-ίς</b> (Tanagra IIIa; wr. [[πουρεινις]]), <b class="b3">-ιον</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Delos IIIa, pap.) [[kernel]], [[knag]], [[knob]]; also <b class="b3">πυρην-άδες</b> f. pl. n. of guild in Ephesos (inscr.); <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[pit-like]] (Thphr.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [850] <b class="b2">*puH-</b>ro- (<b class="b2">peh₁u-</b>, <b class="b2">puh₁-</b>?) [[corn]], [[wheat]]<br />Etymology: Old designation of wheat, which is also retained in Balto-Slav., e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">pūraĩ</b> pl. [[winter corn]], sg. <b class="b2">pũras</b> m. [[single corn of winter corn]], SCr. <b class="b2">pȉr</b> m. [[spelt]], Russ.-CSl. [[pyro]] [[ὄλυρα]], [[κέγχρος]]', Russ. <b class="b2">pyréj</b> [[dog-grass]], [[Triticum repens]]; to this from Germ. OE [[fyrs]] [[dog-grass]] (deviating stem; cf. Specht Ursprung 69). Skt. <b class="b2">pūraḥ</b> m. [[cake]] remains far (Mayrhofer KEWA [[sub verbo|s.v.]] w. lit.). On the facts Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 647. -- Anlaut. <b class="b3">σ-</b> in [[σπυρός]] perh. from [[σῖτος]] or from [[σπόρος]], [[σπέρμα]] (Fraenkel Phil. 97, 169 f., IF 59, 304 f.). Further forms w. lit. in Fraenkel and Vasmer s.vv.; also WP. 2, 83 and Pok. 850. -- Orig. old [[Wanderwort]] (Schwyzer 58 n. 3 with Güntert a.o.)? After Nieminen KZ 74, 170f. as "what is beaten , what is threshed" to IE <b class="b2">*pēu-</b>, <b class="b2">pǝu-</b> (Pok. 827) [[beat]], [[hew cutting]] in Lith. <b class="b2">piáuti</b> [[cut]], [[mow]], Lat. [[paviō]] [[beat]]; worth considering.