δίδωμι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[give]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Fut. [[δώσω]] (<b class="b3">διδώσω ν</b> 358, ω 314), aor. [[ἔδωκα]], [[δοῦναι]] (s. below), pass. [[δοθῆναι]], perf. [[δέδωκα]], [[δέδομαι]]. Cypr. opt. [[δώκοι]] from [[δώκω]] (from the aor.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[didosi]] \/[[didonsi]]\/ [[they give]], [[didoto]] \/[[didontoi]]\/ 3. pl. ind. pass., [[dose]] \/[[dosei]]\/ [[he will give]], [[jodososi]] \/[[jo-dosonsi]]\/, [[odoke]] \/[[ho-doke]]\/, [[apu-doke]] \/[[apu-doke]]\/, [[apedoke]] \/[[ap-edoke]]\/, [[dedomena]] \/[[dedomena]]\/ perf. ptc. pass.; [[apudosi]] \/[[apu-dosis]]\/, [[dosomo]] \/[[dosmos]]\/, [[dosomijo]] \/[[dosmios]]\/ [[consisting of contributions]], [[dora]] \/[[dora]]\/ [[gifts]]; PN [[teodora]] \/[[theodora]]\/.<br />Compounds: Often with prefix: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> etc. As first member <b class="b3">δωσι-</b> in <b class="b3">Δωσί-θεος</b> etc.; cf. Knecht [[Τερψίμβροτος]] 11; s. also below.<br />Derivatives: [[δώς]] f. [[gift]] (Hes. Op. 356 < <b class="b3">δώ-ς</b> or <b class="b3">*δώτ-ς</b>, s. below); (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντί-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b> etc.)[[δόσις]] [[gift]] (Il.; on the meaning Schwyzer 504 n. 2, Benveniste Noms d'agent 76, Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 75, Rauillard Mélanges Boisacq 2, 219ff.) with [[δοσίδιον]] (inscr.) and [[δόσιμος]], often from comp. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>; [[δῶτις]], uncertain; acc. to Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 105 twice (!) in the Amphiktyon-law of 380a for [[λωτις]]; also <b class="b3">δῶττις δώς</b>, [[φερνή]] H., prob. wrong; s. Latte; [[δωτίνη]], <b class="b3">-α</b>, [[gift]], [[present]], [[rent]] (Hom., also Argolis; but cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 279f.), with [[δωτινάζω]] [[collect gifts]] Hdt. 2, 180); <b class="b3">ἀπυ-δοσμός</b> [[selling]] with [[ἀπυδόσμιος]] (Arc.); <b class="b3">-δομα</b> in <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-δομα</b> etc.; cf. Wilhelm Glotta 14, 70f.; [[δῶρον]] s. v. - (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> etc.)[[δοτήρ]] [[giver]] (Il.), f. [[δότειρα]] (Hes.); [[δώτωρ]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Od.); to [[δοτήρ]] : [[δώτωρ]] Schwyzer 381 and 530; Benveniste Noms d'agent 46 and 49; [[δωτήρ]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (<b class="b3">θεοὶ δωτῆρες ἐάων θ</b> 325 etc.; s. below); [[δότης]] = [[δοτήρ]] (LXX); init. only in comp., e.g. [[προδότης]], f. <b class="b3">-τις</b> [[traitor]] (Ion., Att.) with [[προδοσία]] [[treason]] (Ion.-Att.); [[δώτης]] (Hes. Op. 355, beside <b class="b3">ἀ-δώτης</b>; cf. [[δώς]] above and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 118, Frisk Subst. priv. 20), [[ἐπιδώτης]] surname of Zeus in Mantinea and other gods (Paus.) with [[Ἐπιδώτειον]] name of a tempel (Epidauros); [[Δωτώ]] name of a Nereide (Il., Hes.; s. below). - [[δοτικός]], often with prefix <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b> etc. (Arist.). - Desiderative deverbat. <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> etc. [[δωσείω]] (Th.), iterative preterite [[δόσκον]] (ep.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [223] <b class="b2">*deh₃-</b> [[give]]<br />Etymology: IE root <b class="b2">*deh₃-</b>\/<b class="b2">dh₃-</b>. But for the vowel of the reduplicative syllable <b class="b3">δί-δω-μι</b>, <b class="b3">δί-δω-σι</b> agrees with Skt. <b class="b2">dá-dā-ti</b>, Av. <b class="b2">da-dāi-ti</b>; <b class="b2">i-</b>reduplication in Italic, e. g. Osc. [[didest]] [[he will give]], Vest. <b class="b2">di-de-t</b> [[dat]], perhaps also in Lat. [[reddō]], if < <b class="b2">*re-di-dō</b>. Also the medial aorists <b class="b3">ἔ-δο-το</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">á-di-ta</b>, Venet. [[zo-to]] and the participles (-)[[δοτός]], Lat. [[datus]] agree against Skt. <b class="b2">-dāta-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">dāta-</b> (but zero grade in Skt. <b class="b2">-tta-</b> < <b class="b2">*-dh₃-to-</b>; as simplex Sanskrit has new <b class="b2">dattá-</b>). The active aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-δω-κ-α</b> (with <b class="b3">-κ-</b> after [[ἔθηκα]], [[ἧκα]], s. Schwyzer 741 w. n. 8) from root aorist <b class="b3">*ἔ-δω-ν</b> (cf. <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-ν</b>), seen in Skt. <b class="b2">á-dā-t</b>, Arm. [[et]] [[he gave]] (< <b class="b2">*é-dō-t</b>). - On Cypr. [[δοϜεναι]] beside Skt. <b class="b2">dāváne</b> [[to give]] see Benveniste Origines 129 but also Specht Gnomon 14, 34); an element <b class="b2">u̯</b> also in Cypr. opt. [[δυϜάνοι]], Lat. [[duim]] [[dem]], Lith. <b class="b2">dovanà</b> [[gift]] and other forms; (hom. Att. [[δοῦναι]] from <b class="b3">*δο-έναι</b>). - Of the nouns compare [[δώτωρ]] = Skt. <b class="b2">dā́tar-</b>, with zero grade Lat. [[dator]]; [[δοτήρ]] : Skt. <b class="b2">dātár-</b> ; [[δόσις]] = Lat. [[dati-ō]]; [[δώς]], if < <b class="b3">*δώτ-ς</b> = Lat. [[dōs]], <b class="b2">-tis</b> (if IE <b class="b2">*dō-t-</b>, not <b class="b2">*dō-ti-</b>). First member <b class="b3">Δωσι-</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">dāti-vāra-</b> [[who loves giving]], [[liberal]]. - Hitt. <b class="b2">da-</b> [[take]], cf. Skt. a-da- [[receive]].