ψῆφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. ψᾶφος, Aeol. ψᾶφαξ, ἡ, gen. pl. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ψηφάων <span class="bibl">Man.4.448</span>: (ψάω):—[[a small round worn stone]], [[pebble]], ψᾶφος ἑλισσομένα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 10(11).9</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">13.46</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 3.12</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἄμμου</b> a [[grain]] of sand, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Si.</span>18.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[precious stone]], [[gem]], <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>3.27</span>; esp. worn in a ring, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMeretr.</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> acc. to the various uses made of such pebbles: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[pebble used for reckoning]], [[counter]], <b class="b3">λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις</b> calculate or reckon by [[abacus]], [[cipher]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>, etc.: hence to reckon [[exactly]] or [[accurately]], opp. <b class="b3">ἀπὸ χειρὸς λ</b>., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>656</span> (anap.); οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους <span class="bibl">D.18.229</span>; ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>570</span>; ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 309</span>: metaph., ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας <span class="bibl">Plb.2.47.5</span>: hence [[ψῆφος]] itself for a [[cipher]], [[number]], <b class="b3">πὸτ ἄρτιον</b> (sc. [[ἀριθμὸν]]) ποτθέμειν . . ψᾶφον <span class="bibl">Epich.170</span>: pl., [[accounts]], <b class="b3">καθαραὶ ψ</b>., where there is an exact balance, <span class="bibl">D.18.227</span>; οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ. [[calculators]], <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.26</span>; ψήφων ἄπειρος Plu.2.812e; <b class="b3">δακτυλικὴ ψ</b>. [[reckoning]] on the fingers, <span class="title">AP</span>11.290 (Pall.); of astrological [[calculations]], <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.10.15</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in Magic, <b class="b3">κατέχων τὴν ψ</b>. (i. e. the object on which the [[number]] is written) [[λέγε]] . . <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1048, cf. 937. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">pebble used for a draughts-</b> or [[chess-man]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>487c</span>; κύβος ἐν παιδιᾷ ψήφων Plu.2.427f. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[pebble]] used by jugglers, ψηφάων παῖκται <span class="bibl">Man.4.448</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[pebble used in divination]], ἡ διὰ ψήφων μαντική <span class="bibl">Apollod.3.10.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[cube]] used in mosaic pavements, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Protr.</span>8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[pebble used in voting]], ψήφῳ ψηφίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.55</span>; ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ… ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι <span class="bibl">D.59.89</span>: hence, [[the vote]] itself, <b class="b3">ψῆφον φέρειν</b> give [[one's vote]], ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>680</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">D.57.61</span>, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">Lycurg.7</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">Id.11</span>, etc.; ψήφου φορά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>484</span>; <b class="b3">ψῆφον τίθεσθαι</b>, = [[ψηφίζεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.123</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.57</span>; εἰς τεῦχος . . ψήφους ἔθεντο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>816</span>; c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.73</span>; ψ. προσθέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.40</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ διαιρεῖν</b> to determine [[by vote]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>630</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ κρίνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.87</span>, etc.; μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36b</span>, cf. Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.21.47</span>: in collect. sense, <b class="b3">ἐχρῆν . . ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι</b> [[a vote]] is taken, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.47</span>; ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψ. <span class="bibl">Lys.13.37</span>; ἡ σῴζουσα ψ. <span class="bibl">D.19.66</span>; <b class="b3">οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψ</b>. a majority [[of votes]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>759d</span>: <b class="b3">τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν</b> to put [[the vote]] or [[question]], of the president, <span class="bibl">Th.1.119</span>, <span class="bibl">125</span>; ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος <span class="title">IG</span>22.222.24, cf. <span class="bibl">D.21.188</span>; ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>1.100</span>; so ψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν <span class="bibl">D.19.65</span>; [[διένεμον]] (vv. ll. [[διενέμοντο]], [[ἔφερον]]) <b class="b3"> τὰς ψ</b>. were casting their [[votes]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.123</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς</b> with one [[accord]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>270</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. φανερά</b> open [[voting]], ψ. φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.4.74</span>; τὴν ψ. οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας τίθεσθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>767d</span>, <span class="bibl">855d</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ψ. ἀφανής</b> [[voting]] by ballot, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.233</span>; κρύβδην τὴν ψ. φέρειν <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1433a23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1424b2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ath.</span>69.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">that which is carried by vote, a vote</b>, <b class="b3">ψ. καταγνώσεως</b> [[a vote]] of condemnation, <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>; <b class="b3">ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς</b> [[a vote]] of banishment was moved for against him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>198</span>; ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7</span> (anap.):—hence, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[any resolve]] or [[decree]], ψ. τυράννων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>60</span>; <b class="b3">λιθίνα ψᾶφος</b> [[a decree]] written on stone, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.87</span>; <b class="b3">διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς</b> [the oak] gives [[judgement]] of itself, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>4.265</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν</b>, i. e. [[public opinion]], <span class="bibl">Cratin.57</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τίν' ἂν ψῆφον θεῖο;</b> what [[judgment]] . . ? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>330c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>; ἡ ἐμὴ ψ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span> 57a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">Ἀθηνᾶς ψ</b>., [[calculus Minervae]], [[proverb|prov.]] phrase to express [[acquittal]], when the votes were even, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> [[ψ]]. is sts. omitted, κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>685</span> (lyr.); πάσαις κρατεῖν Luc.Bis Acc.18, cf. 22. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">Διὸς ψῆφος</b> (ψῆφοι Hsch.), [[proverb|prov.]] <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων</b>, of the scene of contest betw. Athena and Poseidon, Suid., etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">g</span> <b class="b3">Κόννου ψ</b>., [[negligible quantity]], [[cipher]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>675</span> (anap.), cf. [[Κοννᾶς]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[place of voting]], [[tribunal]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>945</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span> 1263</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> metaph., [[influence]], πόλις μεγάλην ψ. ἔχουσα <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>18.13</span>.</span>

|elnltext=ψῆφος -ου, ἡ, Dor. ψᾶφος [~ ψάω?] steentje:; εἰ θέλοις ψήφῳ μούνῃ βαλεῖν als je een enkel steentje zou willen gooien Hdt. 3.12.1; edelsteen:. ψήφος ἐνεβέβλητο τῶν τριχρώμων een driekleurige edelsteen was erin gezet Luc. 80.9.2. spec. stemsteen:; ἐς... τεῦχος... ψήφους ἔθεντο zij legden hun stemstenen in de urn Aeschl. Ag. 816; ταύτῃ τῇ ψήφῳ ψηφίζεσθαι met die steen zijn stem uitbrengen Hdt. 9.55.2; ψῆφος λευκή witte steen (vrijspraak) Plut. Alc. 22.2; ψῆφος μέλαινα zwarte steen (veroordeling) Plut. Alc. 22.2; stem:; ψῆφον φέρειν (zijn) stem uitbrengen Aeschl. Eum. 680; μεταλαμβάνειν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων een vijfde deel van de stemmen krijgen Plat. Ap. 36b; τίν ’ ἂν ψῆφον θεῖο; hoe zou je stemmen? Plat. Prot. 330c; ἐξουσίαν ψήφου διδόναι stemrecht geven Plut. Publ. 7.8; stemming:; τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν in stemming brengen Thuc. 1.125.1; ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς eenstemmig Aristoph. Lys. 270; ψῆφος φανερά een openbare stemming Thuc. 4.74.3; spreekw.:; Κόννου ψῆφος Connus’ stem (waardeloze stem) Aristoph. Ve. 675; uitbr.: tribunaal:; ὁσία ψῆφος ἥν... Ζεὺς εἵσατο een heilig tribunaal dat Zeus heeft ingesteld Eur. IT 945; vonnis, oordeel:; ψῆφος ὀλετρία doodvonnis Aeschl. Sept. 198; decreet:. ψῆφοι τυράννων decreet van de heersers Soph. Ant. 60. voor ander gebruik: rekenen rekensteentje:; λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις met steentjes rekenen Hdt. 2.36.4; ἂν καθαραὶ ὦσιν αἱ ψῆφοι als de rekening klopt Dem. 18.227; bij spelen spelsteentje:. οὐκ ἐν ψήφοις ἀλλ ’ ἐν λόγοις (damspel) dat niet met stenen, maar met woorden (wordt gespeeld) Plat. Resp. 487c.