κοῖλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, Aeol.and Ion. [[κοίϊλος]], prob. in <span class="bibl">Alc.15.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Mimn.12.6</span>; κόϊλος, α, ον, <span class="bibl">Anacr.9</span> (Comp. -ώτερα), cf. <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>87.5</span>, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.927</span>:—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[hollow]], Hom.mostly as [[epithet]] of ships, κ. νῆες <span class="bibl">Il.1.26</span>, al. (later <b class="b3">κ. ναῦς</b> [[hold]] of the ship, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.119</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.6.19</span>, <span class="bibl">D.32.5</span>; so <b class="b3">ἡ κ</b>. alone, <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Callix.1</span>; τὰ κ. <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>5.107</span>); <b class="b3">κ. λόχος, κ. δόρυ</b>, of the Trojan horse, <span class="bibl">Od.4.277</span>, <span class="bibl">8.507</span>; κ. σπέος <span class="bibl">12.93</span>; κ. πέτρα <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Eu.</span>23</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1081</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">κ. κάπετος</b>, of a grave, <span class="bibl">Il.24.797</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1165</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1205</span>; κ. τάφρος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>898</span> (anap.); κ. νάρθηξ <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>52</span>; ἄχερδος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1596</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φλέψ</b> [[vena cava]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Loc.Hom.</span>3</span>, Gal. 2.786, 4.668; σφόνδυλος κ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>616d</span>; of vessels, ἀγγήϊα <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.2</span>; κρατήρ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1593</span>; ζύγαστρον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>692</span>; κύλικος… κοῖλον κύτος Pl. Com.189; <b class="b3">κ. ἄργυρος καὶ χρυσός</b> silver and gold [[plate]], Theopomp. Hist.283a, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>378</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Oec.</span>1350b23</span>, etc.; κ. ἐκκοπεύς Gal.10.445; <b class="b3">νόμισμα κ</b>. dub. sens. in Numen. ap. <span class="bibl">Eus.<span class="title">PE</span>11.18</span>; [[sunk]], γράψαι εἰς σανίδα κοῖλα γράμματα <span class="title">SIG</span>1011.15 (Chalcedon, iii/ii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Longin.<span class="title">Rh.</span>p.199</span> H. (but <b class="b3">κ. γραμμή</b> [[curved]] line, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>75.15</span>); <b class="b3">ἀλέαν εἰς τὸ θύρωμα κοίλαν</b> [[curved]] canopy, <span class="title">Rev.Arch.</span>22.63 (Callatis, iii B.C.); <b class="b3">κ. ὑποδήματα</b> boots that reach to mid-leg, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>6.23</span> (κοῖλα ποσσὶν ὑποδέδεσθε <span class="bibl">Ezek.<span class="title">Exag.</span>181</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.7.84</span>); <b class="b3">κ. δέμνια</b> [[empty]] bed, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>901</span>; <b class="b3">κ. χείρ</b>, of a beggar, <span class="title">AP</span>12.212 (Strat.); κ. ἱστίον <span class="bibl">Poll.1.107</span>; <b class="b3">κοῖλος μήν</b> [[short]] month, <span class="bibl">Gem.8.3</span>, cf. κοιλοποιέομαι, κοῖλος <span class="bibl">11.3</span>: Comp., -ότερος ὁλμοῦ <span class="bibl">Epich.81</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of Places, [[lying in a hollow]] or [[forming a hollow]], <b class="b3">κ. Λακεδαίμων</b> [[the vale of]] L., <span class="bibl">Od.4.1</span>; κ. Θεσσαλίη <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.129</span>; κ. Ἄργος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>378</span>, <span class="bibl">1387</span>; Αὐλίδος κ. μυχοί <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">IA</span>1600</span>; κ. τόποι <span class="bibl">Plb.3.18.10</span>: as pr.n., K. [[Συρία]] the district between Lebanon and Anti Lebanon, <span class="bibl">Id.1.3.1</span>, etc.; [[τὰ]] K. τῆς Εὐβοίης <span class="bibl">Hdt. 8.13</span>; ἡ K. the [[valley]] of the Ilissus, name of Attic deme, <span class="bibl">Id.6.103</span>, etc.: Comp., κοιλότερα τῆς κάτωθεν χώρας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>352b33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">κ. λιμήν</b> harbour [[lying between high cliffs]], <span class="bibl">Od.10.92</span>; <b class="b3">κ. αἰγιαλός</b> [[embayed]] beach, <span class="bibl">22.385</span>; ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ μυχῷ τοῦ λιμένος <span class="bibl">Th.7.52</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">κ. ὁδός</b> [[hollow]] way, <span class="bibl">Il.23.419</span>; κ. ἄγυια <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">κ. ποταμός</b> a river [[nearly empty]] of water, <span class="bibl">Th.7.84</span>; τοῦ ποταμοῦ κοίλου ῥυέντος Socr. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.9.388a</span>; but <b class="b3">κ. ποταμός</b> [[with deep bed]], <span class="bibl">Plb.21.37.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">τὰ κ. καὶ τὰ δασέα</b> [[ravines]] grown with copsewood, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>325</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἅλς, θάλασσα</b>, the sea [[full of hollows]], i.e. [[with a heavy swell]] on, <span class="bibl">A.R. 2.595</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.60.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">κ. νοσήματα</b> [[internal]] complaints, <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VA</span>3.44</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> of the voice, [[hollow]], <b class="b3">κόχλον ἑλὼν μυκήσατο</b> κοῖλον <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.75</span> (though here [[κοῖλον]] may agree with [[κόχλον]]) ; φθέγγεσθαι κ. καὶ βαρύ <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Ner.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>3.38</span>; ὁ -ότατος τῶν φθόγγων <span class="bibl">Aristid.Quint.1.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> Philos., [[hollow]], [[empty]], [[void of content]], <b class="b3">αἱ κ. ἐνέργειαι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">αἱ ἀμείνους</b>, <span class="bibl">Herm.<span class="title">in Phdr.</span>p.170A.</span>: more freq.in Comp., <b class="b3">κοιλοτέρα θεωρία, ζωή</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">pp.67,68</span>A.; <b class="b3">τὰ -ότερα</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ὑπέρτερα</b>, ib.p.143 A., cf. <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>96</span>; <b class="b3">χωρῶν πρὸς τὸ κ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">379</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἡμέραν κ. ποιεῖσθαι</b> [[allow payments to lapse]] for a day (cf. κοιλαίνω <span class="bibl">11.2</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1136.5</span> (i B.C.); <b class="b3">οὐδεμίαν δόσιν κ. ποιεῖσθαι</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1146.15</span> (i B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[concave]], <b class="b3">τὸ κ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">τὸ κυρτόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 222b3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1102a31</span>; κοῖλα καὶ ἐσέχοντα <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Im.</span>2.20</span>; of military formations, Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>11.1. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[bending]], [[yielding]], κλῇθρα <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>1262</span>; σταθμὰ θυράων <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Subst. [[κοῖλον]], [[τό]], [[hollow]], [[cavity]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>109b</span>, al.; esp. of [[cavities]] in the body, τὰ κ. γαστρός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1411</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. [τῆς καρδίας</b>] the [[ventricles]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>496a13</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κ. τῶν νεφρῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">497a11</span>; τὸ τῶν χειρῶν κ. Apollod. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath. 11.479a</span>; τὸ κ. τοῦ… ποδός <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>5.48</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">τὸ κ. τοῦ ποδὸς δεῖξαι</b> to show 'a clean pair of heels', Hsch.; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν, τοῦ προσώπου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.119</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>9</span> codd. (sed leg. [[κύλα]]) <b class="b3">; τὰ κ</b>. alone, [[hollows of the side]], [[flanks]], like [[κενεών]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>630a3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κοῖλος· θυρεών, οὐκ ἔχων θύρας</b>, Hsch.</span>

|elnltext=κοῖλος -η -ον, Ion. en Aeol. κόϊλος hol:; κοίλῃσιν... παρὰ νηυσί bij de holle schepen Il. 1.26; κοῖλον δόρυ het holle houtwerk (paard van Troje) Od. 8.507; κοίλη πέτρα rotsholte Aeschl. Eum. 23; κόχλον... μυκήσατο κοῖλον hij blies op een holle schelp Τheocr. 22.75; zelden dominant:; ἡ κοίλη ναῦς het ruim van het schip Hdt. 8.119; uitbr.: ἔκλινε κοῖλα κλῇθρα hij boog de grendels zodat ze krom stonden Soph. OT 1262; σταθμὰ κοῖλα θυράων holle deurposten Theocr. Id. 24.15. in een holte gelegen:. κ. Λακεδαίμων het laaggelegen Sparta Od. 4.1; κ. λιμήν een diep gelegen haven Od. 10.92; ὑψηλή τε καὶ κοίλη ἡ χώρα ἦν de streek was vol bergen en dalen Xen. An. 5.4.31; ἐν κοίλῳ ὄντι τῷ ποταμῷ in de diepe bedding van de rivier Thuc. 7.84.4. subst. τὸ κοῖλον holte:; εἶναι γὰρ πανταχῇ περὶ τὴν γῆν πολλὰ κοῖλα want overal op aarde zijn er vele holtes Plat. Phaed. 109b; τὰ κοῖλα γαστρός de buikholte Eur. Ph. 1411; ἐν τῷ κοίλῳ τοῦ λιμένος in een baai van de haven Thuc. 7.52.2; plur.. τὰ κοῖλα και τὰ δασέα wat hol en wat begroeid is (d.w.z. ravijnen en bossen) Aristoph. Nub. 325.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">hollow, hollowed out, spacious, deep</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: [[κόϊλος]], s. below<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. <b class="b3">κοιλο-γάστωρ</b> [[with a hollow belly]], [[greedy]] (A.; on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 150).<br />Derivatives: A. Substant.: 1. [[κοιλία]] f. <b class="b2">abdomen, belly, hollow of the body in gen.</b> (IA.) with [[κοιλιώδης]] [[belly-like]] (Arist.), [[κοιλιακός]] <b class="b2">blonging to the belly, suffer from diseases of the belly</b> (Plu., medic.), [[κοιλιτική]] ([[νόσος]]) [[disease of the belly]] (Cat. Cod. Astr.); diminut. [[κοιλίδιον]] (Str.). 2. [[κοιλάς]] f. [[hollow]], [[ravine]] (hell.), adj. f. [[hollow]] (Tryph. Ep.). 3. [[κοιλότης]] [[hollow]] (Arist.). 4. [[κοιλίσκος]] m. <b class="b2">hollow, scoop-shaped knife</b> (medic.; cf. [[γραφίσκος]] and other names of instruments in Chantraine Formation 408). 5. and 6. [[κοίλωμα]] (Arist., hell.), [[κοίλωσις]] (Hp.) [[hollowing]], [[deepening]], cf. [[κοιλόομαι]] below. - B. Adjectives (to <b class="b3">τὸ κοῖλον</b> [[hollow]], [[cavity]]): 1. [[κοιλώδης]] [[rich in cavities]] (Babr.). 2. [[κοιλαῖος]] = [[κοῖλος]] (Gal.). - C. Verbs: 1. [[κοιλαίνω]], [[κοιλᾶναι]] (<b class="b3">-ῆναι</b>), [[κεκοίλασμαι]] [[hollow out]] (IA.) with [[κοίλανσις]] (Alex. Aphr.), [[κοίλασμα]] (LXX, Hero), [[κοιλασία]] (Hero), 2. [[κοιλόομαι]], only in [[κεκοιλωμένος]] [[hollowed]] (D. S., Dsc.); [[κοίλωμα]], [[κοίλωσις]], if not directly from [[κοῖλος]], s. above.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [592] <b class="b2">*ḱeu(H)-</b>? [[hollow]], [[deep]] ??<br />Etymology: From the sometimes threesyllabic [[κόϊλος]] (in Hom. always possible except χ 385, at verse-beginning; Meister HK 50, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 28) follows a basis <b class="b3">*κόϜιλος</b>, which can be connected as <b class="b3">λ-</b>deriv. with <b class="b3">κόοι τὰ χάσματα τῆς γῆς</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ τὰ κοιλώματα</b> H. and Lat. [[cavus]] [[hollow]] from <b class="b2">*kou̯os</b>; beside it MIr. [[cūa]] [[hollow]] < <b class="b2">*ḱou̯-ios</b>. If the connection [[κοῖλος]] = Alb. <b class="b2">thelë</b> [[deep]] (< IE <b class="b2">*ḱou̯ilos</b>) is correct (Pedersen KZ 36, 332), the formation is older than Greek. Cognate <b class="b2">l-</b>derivv. are Arm. [[soyl]] [[cavity]] (< IE. <b class="b2">*ḱeu-lo-</b>) and [[κύλα]]; s. v. More on the formation Benveniste Origines 41f., where a noun in <b class="b2">-il</b> is supposed as basis, and Specht Ursprung 130, who starts from an <b class="b2">i-</b>stem, referring to the hapax <b class="b3">κοιφόν κοῖλον</b> (prob. for [[κυφόν]]). - S. also [[κῶος]], [[κώθων]], [[κύαρ]]; further W.-Hofmann s. [[cavus]].

|ftr='''κοῖλος''': {koĩlos}<br />'''Forms''': (κόϊλος, vgl. unten)<br />'''Meaning''': [[hohl]], [[ausgehöhlt]], [[geräumig]], [[tief]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''' : Oft als Vorderglied, z. B. [[κοιλογάστωρ]] [[hohlbauchig]], [[gefräßig]] (A.; zur Bildung Sommer Nominalkomp. 150).<br />'''Derivative''': Zahlreiche Ableitungen: A. Substantiva: 1. [[κοιλία]] f. ‘Bauchhöhle, Bauch, Körperhöhlung im allg.’ (ion. att. usw.) mit [[κοιλιώδης]] [[bauchähnlich]] (Arist.), [[κοιλιακός]] [[zum Bauch gehörig]], [[an Bauchkrankheiten leidend]] (Plu., Mediz. u. a.), [[κοιλιτική]] ([[νόσος]]) [[Bauchkrankheit]] (''Cat''. ''Cod''. ''Astr''.); Deminutivum [[κοιλίδιον]] (Str. u. a.). 2. [[κοιλάς]] f. [[Höhlung]], [[Schlucht]] (hell. u. spät), Adj. f. [[hohl]] (Tryph. Ep.). 3. [[κοιλότης]] [[Höhlung]] (Arist. u. a.). 4. [[κοιλίσκος]] m. [[ausgehöhltes]], [[schaufelförmiges Messer]] (Mediz.; vgl. [[γραφίσκος]] und andere Gerätenamen bei Chantraine Formation 408). 5. und 6. [[κοίλωμα]] (Arist., hell. u. sp.), [[κοίλωσις]] (Hp. u. a.) [[Höhlung]], [[Aushöhlung]], [[Vertiefung]], vgl. κοιλόομαι unten. — B. Adjektiva (zu τὸ κοῖλον [[Hohles]], [[Höhle]]): 1. [[κοιλώδης]] [[reich an Höhlen]] (Babr.). 2. [[κοιλαῖος]] = [[κοῖλος]] (Gal.). — C. Verba: 1. [[κοιλαίνω]], κοιλᾶναι (-ῆναι), κεκοίλασμαι [[aushöhlen]] (ion. att.) mit [[κοίλανσις]] (Alex. Aphr. u. a.), [[κοίλασμα]] (LXX, Hero u. a.), [[κοιλασία]] (Hero) [[Aushöhlung]]. 2. κοιλόομαι, nur in κεκοιλωμένος [[ausgehöhlt]] (D. S., Dsk.); davon [[κοίλωμα]], [[κοίλωσις]], falls nicht direkt von [[κοῖλος]], s. oben.<br />'''Etymology''' : Aus dem bisweilen dreisilbig zu lesenden κόϊλος (bei Hom. immer möglich außer χ 385, wo im Versanfang; Meister HK 50, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 28) ergibt sich eine Grundform *κόϝιλος, die sich als λ-Ableitung an κόοι· τὰ χάσματα τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ κοιλώματα H. und lat. ''cavus'' [[hohl]] aus *''covos'' anschließt; daneben mir. ''cūa'' [[hohl]] aus *''ḱou̯''-''ios''. Wenn die Gleichung [[κοῖλος]] = alb. ''thelë'' [[tief]] (< idg. *''ḱou̯ilos'') zu Recht besteht (Pedersen KZ 36, 332), ist die Bildung schon vorgriechisch. Verwandte ''l''-Ableitungen sind arm. ''soyl'' [[Höhle]] (< idg. *''ḱeu''-''lo''-) und [[κύλα]]; s. d. Weiteres zur Stammbildung Benveniste Origines 41f., wo ein Nomen auf -''il'' als Grundlage vermutet wird, und Specht Ursprung 130, der von einem ''i''-Stamm ausgehen will, wofür er sich auf das einmalige κοιφόν· κοῖλον (wohl für κυφόν) beruft. — S. auch [[κῶος]], [[κώθων]], [[κύαρ]]; dazu W.-Hofmann s. ''cavus'' (mit reicher Lit.).<br />'''Page''' 1,891-892