σφήξ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[σφηκός]], Dor.σφάξ, [[σφᾱκός]] (<span class="bibl">Theoc.5.29</span>), ὁ (fem. only in <span class="title">An.Par.</span>1.168 and as f.l. in Antisth. ap. Stob.3.13.38):—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[wasp]], σφῆκες μέσον αἰόλοι <span class="bibl">Il.12.167</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.92</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>864</span>, etc.; called [[εἰνόδιοι]], from their making their nests in the road, <span class="bibl">Il.16.259</span>; σφῆκες ἐκ γῆς <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Iamb.</span>1.98</span>; on the different species, v. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>627b23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">554b22</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], μή πως ἐγείρῃς σ. τὸν κοιμώμενον <span class="title">AP</span>7.405 (Phil.), cf. <span class="bibl">408</span> (Leon.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> = [[σφηκίσκος]] ''ΙΙ'', <span class="bibl">Pherecr.238</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>11(2).156<span class="title">A</span>56, al. (Delos, iii B.C.).</span>

|elnltext=σφήξ σφηκός, ὁ [~ σφήν? ~ ψήν?] wesp.

|etymtx=-ηκός<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[wasp]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. (Theoc.) <b class="b3">-ακός</b> m.<br />Derivatives: I. <b class="b3">σφηκ-ιά</b> f. [[wasp-nest]] (S., E., Ar., LXX a.o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 68). 2. <b class="b3">-ίον</b> n. <b class="b2">comb in a wasp's nest</b> (Arist., Thphr. a.o.); <b class="b3">ἐπι-σφήκ-ιον</b> n. meaning unknown (Delos IIIa). 3. <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b> m. <b class="b2">pointed wood, rafter etc.</b> (Ar., Arist., inscr. a.o.). 4. <b class="b3">-ίας</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pherecr.), also name of a verse (Ps.-Plu.; cf. [[σφηκικός]], [[σφηκώδης]]). 5. <b class="b3">-ειον</b> n. [[wasp-like insect]] (Nic.). 6. <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. old name of the island Cyprus (Lyc., H.). 7. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[wasp-like]], name of a verse (Eust.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ar. a.o.), also name of a verse (sch.). 8. <b class="b3">-ισμός εἶδος αὑλή-σεως</b>, <b class="b3">εἰρημένον ἀπὸ τῆς ἐμφερείας τῶν βομ</b><[[β]]>[[ῶν]] H. (: <b class="b3">*σφη-κίζω</b>). 9. <b class="b3">-ίωσις κηρία σφηκῶν</b> H. (: <b class="b3">σφηκ-ίον</b>, <b class="b3">*-ιόω</b>). 10. Unclear [[σφηκός]] = [[σφηκώδης]] (S. Fr. 29), σφήξ <b class="b3">λόφου τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ λόφου κτλ</b>. H.; [[σφήκη]] n. pl. meaning unknown (pap. IIIa). II. Usual denom. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b2">to be contracted, bound in the middle, esp. to contract, to bind</b> (P52, Ar., hell. a. late epic, late prose) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[point of a helmet]] (S., Ar.), [[cord]], [[cable]] (pap. IIIa etc.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: On the formation cf. [[μύρμηξ]], [[σκώληξ]] (s. vv.). Unexplained. Tempting, but morpholog. difficult is the comparison with [[σφήν]] (Solmsen Wortforsch. 129 w. n. 1, Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 176). Other proposal: to [[σφάκελος]] referring to the constricted body (Persson Beitr. 1, 396 n. 1 asking); to [[ψήν]] [[gall-insect]], [[ψῆν]] [[rub]] (Hofmann Et. Wb. with Specht Ursprung 45); on the supposed metathesis etc. Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 189 f. On the certainly wrong combination with Lat. [[vespa]] a. cogn. (since Pott) s. Curtius 382 a. Bq; thus Georgiev Word 3, 77 ff. Older attempts (w. lit.) in Bq. -- Furnée 393 compares [[ψήν]] and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek; the conclusion is certainly right.

|ftr='''σφήξ''': -ηκός<br />{sphḗks}<br />'''Forms''': dor. (Theok.) -ακός m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Wespe]] (seit Il.)<br />'''Derivative''': Davon I. [[σφηκιά]] f. [[Wespennest]] (S., E., Ar., LXX u.a.; Scheller Oxytonierung 68). 2. -ίον n. [[Wespenzelle]] (Arist., Thphr. u.a.); ἐπισφηκιον n. Bed. unbekannt (Delos III^a). 3. -ίσκος m. [[zugespitztes Holz]], [[Dachsparren]] (Ar., Arist., Inschr. u.a.). 4. -ίας m. ib. (Pherekr.), auch N. es Verses (Ps.-Plu.; vgl. [[σφηκικός]], [[σφηκώδης]]). 5. -ειον n. [[wespenähnliches Insekt]] (Nik.). 6. -εια f. alter N. der Insel Kypros (Lyk., H.). 7. -ικός [[wespenähnlich]], N. eines Verses (Eust.), -ώδης ib. (Ar. u.a.), auch N. eines Verses (Sch.). 8. -ισμός· [[εἶδος]] αὐλήσεως, εἰρημένον ἀπὸ τῆς ἐμφερείας [[τῶν]] βομ<β>ῶν H. (: *σφηκίζω). 9. -ίωσις· [[κηρία]] σφηκῶν H. (: [[σφηκίον]], *-ιόω). 10. Unklar [[σφηκός]] = [[σφηκώδης]] (S. ''Fr''. 29), ~ λόφου· τὸ [[ἄκρον]] [[τοῦ]] λόφου κτλ. H.; σφήκη n. pl. Bed. unbekannt (Pap. III^a). II. Gewöhnliches Denom. -όομαι, -όω, oft m. Präfix, z.B. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, ‘in der Mitte zusammengezogen, zugeschnürt werden, bzw. zusammenziehen, zuschnüren’ (''P''52, Ar., hell. u. sp. Epik, sp. Prosa) mit -ωμα n. [[Helmspitze]] (S., Ar.), [[Schnur]], [[Seil]] (Pap. III^a usw.). Zur Bildung vgl. [[μύρμηξ]], [[σκώληξ]] (s. dd.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Nicht sicher erklärt. Verlockend, aber morphologisch schwierig ist der Vergleich mit [[σφήν]] (Solmsen Wortforsch. 129 m. A. 1, Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 176). Andere Vorschläge: zu [[σφάκελος]] mit Beziehung auf den eingeschnürten Leib (Persson Beitr. 1, 396 A. 1 fragend); zu [[ψήν]] ‘Dattel-, Feigen-, Gallwespe’, [[ψῆν]] [[reiben]] (Hofmann Et. Wb. mit Specht Ursprung 45); zu der dabei anzunehmenden Metathese usw. Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 189 f. Über die gewiß verfehlte Kombination mit lat. ''vespa'' u. Verw. (seit Pott) s. Curtius 382 u. Bq; ebenso noch Georgiev Word 3, 77 ff. Ältere Versuche (m. Lit.) bei Bq.<br />'''Page''' 2,831