τοι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=prop. ethical dative of [[σύ]] (q. v.), but used as an enclit. Particle, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">let me tell you, mark you, look you</b> (in Engl. we freq. convey the impression by means of emphasis or tone), implying a real or imagined audience, freq. in Hom. and always in speeches (exc. ὃς δή τοι <span class="bibl">Il.10.316</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.289</span>), αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μένειν κτλ. <span class="bibl">Il.2.298</span>; ἀλλ' ἐφομαρτεῖτε· πλεόνων δέ τοι ἔργον ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">12.412</span> codd.; <b class="b3">τοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέουσα ἔπος . . εἶμι</b> [[surely]] I will go, <span class="bibl">1.419</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτης τοι γενεῆς . . εὔχομαι εἶναι</b> (recapitulating) <span class="bibl">6.211</span> (so at the close of a narrative, <span class="bibl">Theoc. 11.80</span>); <b class="b3">οὗτός τοι . . ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεται ἀνήρ</b> here comes, [[look you]]... <span class="bibl">Il.10.341</span> (vulg., οὗτός τις Aristarch., etc.); freq. it is hard to dist. from the Ep. dat., as in ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ οἴχονται; <span class="bibl">13.219</span>; so in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 287</span> (addressed to Perses),<span class="bibl">347</span>,<span class="bibl">719</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Emp.17.14</span> (addressed to Pausanias), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.72</span> (addressed to Hiero), al.; and so in Trag. dialogue, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>729</span>, etc.; σέτοι κικλήσκω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1578</span> (lyr.); betw. chorus and actor, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>855</span> (lyr.), etc.; folld. by a plural, <span class="bibl">Tyrt.10.11</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">13</span>); so ἄρσενάς τοι τῆσδε γῆς οἰκήτορας εὑρήσετε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>952</span>: hence, as addressed to an imaginary audience, without personal reference, introducing a general sentiment or maxim, <span class="bibl">Thgn.153</span>; τὸ συγγενές τοι δεινόν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>39</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in subordinate clauses, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> temporal and causal, ἐπεί τοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>138</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>321</span>; freq. ἐπεί τοι καί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>677</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>933</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>, etc.; ὅτι τοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>343a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> conditional, <b class="b3">εἴ τοι... ἐὰν δέ τοι</b>... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>549</span>,<span class="bibl">551</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>327</span>; in apodosi, εἰ γὰρ κτενοῦμεν... σύ τοι πρώτη θάνοις ἄν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>582</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.22.488</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> final, ὅπως . . τοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1469</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> freq. combined with other Particles, ἀλλά τοι <span class="bibl">Thgn.656</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.19</span>, etc.; ἀλλὰ . . τοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>795</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>1304</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γάρ τοι</b> (γάρ A. 11.9); <b class="b3">γέ τοι</b> (γε 1.5); [[ἤτοι]], [[καίτοι]] (v. sub vv.); <b class="b3">μέν τοι</b> (μέν <span class="bibl">B. 11.4</span>); <b class="b3">μή τοι, οὔ τοι;</b> cf. also <b class="b3">τοιγάρ, τοιγάρτοι, τοιγαροῦν, τοίνυν;</b> so in <b class="b3">τοι ἄρα, τοι ἆρα</b>, which however are mostly contracted by crasis into <b class="b3">τἆρα;</b> as also <b class="b3">τοι ἄν</b> into <b class="b3">τἄν, μέντοι ἄν</b> into [[μεντἄν]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Position: τοι usually stands early in the sentence (or clause), e.g. Ζεύς ἐστιν αἰθήρ, Ζεὺς δὲ γῆ, Ζεὺς δ' οὐρανός, Ζεύς τοι τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>70</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> hence τοι is sts. placed betw. Art. and Subst. or Adj., or betw. Prep. and Subst., τό τ. μέγιστον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>261c</span>; ἐπί τ. Ἀκράγαντι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>972</span>, etc.; also after Prep. in compd. Verb, ἔκ τ. πέπληγμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>934</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>1047</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>784</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> τοι repeated, σύ τ. σύ τ. κατηξίωσας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1095</span> (lyr.).</span><span class="bld">τοι</span>, Dor., Aeol., Ion., and Ep. dat. sg. of [[σύ]] (q. v.).