ξένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, Ep. and Ion. [[ξεῖνος]] (also freq. in <span class="bibl">Pi., <span class="title">N.</span>7.61</span>, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>33</span>, al., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>798</span> codd., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>247</span>), Aeol. ξέννος Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.302</span>; scanned and written [[ξεῖνος]] in <span class="bibl">Theoc.28.6</span>, <span class="bibl">30.17</span> : Aeol. Sup. [[ξεννότατος]] Sch. Tz. in <span class="title">An. Ox.</span> 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.). <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[guest-friend]], applied to persons and states bound by a [[treaty]] or [[tie]] of [[hospitality]], <span class="bibl">Od.1.313</span>, etc.; ξεῖνοι δὲ… εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος <span class="bibl">15.196</span>; ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός <span class="bibl">Il.6.215</span>; ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι <span class="bibl">Od.1.187</span>; φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι <span class="bibl">17.522</span>; later freq. coupled with φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος <span class="bibl">D.21.110</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.46</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 19.19</span>; βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>78d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of parties giving or receiving hospitality, <span class="bibl">Od.8.145</span>, etc.; mostly of the [[guest]], opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ [[ξεῖνος]] ib.<span class="bibl">543</span>, etc.; ἁ ξείνα = the [[visitor]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.154</span>; of [[guest]]s at a club, opp. [[σύνδειπνος|σύνδειπνοι]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>118.4</span> (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the [[host]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.532</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.1.208</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>16.23</span>, etc. : c. dat., ξεῖνός τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.20</span>,<span class="bibl">22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, etc.; also ξ. τινός ib. <span class="bibl">2.4.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[stranger]], esp. [[wanderer]], [[refugee]] (under the protection of [[Ζεὺς ξένιος]]), sts. coupled with ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος <span class="bibl">Od.9.270</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.546</span>; with πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε <span class="bibl">6.208</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[stranger]], [[foreigner]], opp. [[ἔνδημος]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>225</span>; opp. [[ἀστός]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.90</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.10</span>, etc.; πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>1.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>924</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 473d</span>, etc.; opp. [[ἐπιχώριος]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>94d</span>: coupled with [[μέτοικος]], <span class="bibl">Th. 4.90</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.39.53; with [[ἔπηλυς]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>24</span>; opp. a member of the family, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>169.10</span> (vi A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> as a term of address to any [[stranger]], ὦ ξένε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>247</span>, <span class="bibl">Mosch.1.5</span>, etc.; ὦ ξένη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 204c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> = [[βάρβαρος]], at Sparta, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.11</span>,<span class="bibl">55</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[hireling]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.102</span>; esp. [[mercenary]] [[soldier]], IG12.949.89, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.152</span>, etc.; ξ. ναυβάται <span class="bibl">Th.1.121</span> : rarely simply, [[ally]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 12.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> as Adj. ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>94</span>), Ion. ξεῖνος, η, ον, [[foreign]], not in Hom. (in the phrases ξεῖνε πάτερ <span class="bibl">Od.7.28</span>, ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι <span class="bibl">Il.24.202</span>, both words are Subst.); freq. in later writers, ξείνα γαῖα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.118</span> codd.; ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1256</span>; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. <span class="bibl">1705</span> (lyr., cf. [[ξένη]]); [[ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί]] = by [[foreign]] [[hand]]s, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span>; ξ. δόμοι, [[πόλις]], etc., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>339</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">369</span>, etc.; of [[alien]] property, ξ. ἄρουραι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>295.22</span> (vi A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. rei, [[strange to]] a thing, [[unacquainted]] with, [[ignorant]] of it, ξ. τοῦ λόγου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>219</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>4.3a.37 (Agath.); ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>2.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>405.12</span> (iv A. D.). Adv. [[ξένως]], ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως = I am a [[stranger]] to the mode of [[speech]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span>; ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου <span class="bibl">Them. <span class="title">Or.</span>21.253c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[strange]], [[unusual]], λόγοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>688</span> (lyr.); τιμωρίαι <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.104d</span>; ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1415a7</span>; οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>266</span>; τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1336b34</span>; ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι <span class="bibl">D.S.3.15</span>; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος I <span class="title">Ep.Pet.</span>4.12; διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>13.9</span>; ξ. δαιμόνια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>17.18</span> : Sup., πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.<span class="title">Herc.</span>1251.5; ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span>13</span>, etc. Adv. ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.<span class="title">P</span>0.5.12. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> τοῦ πνεύματος… ῥύσις ὡς ξενωτάτη = [[air]] as [[fresh]] as [[possible]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Hom.</span>9</span>. (From [[ξένϝος]], cf. [[πρόξενϝος]] <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).867, [[Ξενϝάρης]] ib.869, [[Ξενϝοκλῆς]], [[Ξένϝων]], ib.4.315,348 : hence it is improb. that the Aeol. form was [[ξέννος]].) </span>