φωνή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[sound]], [[tone]], prop., [[the sound of the voice]], whether of men or animals with lungs and throat (ἡ φωνὴ ψόφος τίς ἐστιν ἐμψύχου <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span>420b5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HA</span>535a27</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>664b1</span>); opp. [[φθόγγος]] (v. φθόγγος ''ΙΙ''): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> mostly of human beings, [[speech]], [[voice]], [[utterance]], φ. ἄρρηκτος <span class="bibl">Il.2.490</span>; ἀτειρέα φ. <span class="bibl">17.555</span>; <b class="b3">φ. δέ οἱ αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν</b>, of Ajax' battle-[[cry]], <span class="bibl">15.686</span>; of the battle-[[cry]] of an army, Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν . . φ. δεινὸν ἀϋσάντων <span class="bibl">14.400</span>: pl., of the [[cries]] of market-people, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.3</span>; ὁ τόνος τῆς φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.20</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.280</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.209</span>; <b class="b3">ὀξεῖα, βαρυτέρα, λεία, τραχεῖα φ</b>., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>67b</span>; φ. μαλακή <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>979</span> (anap.); [[μιαρά]], [[ἀναιδής]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>218</span>,<span class="bibl">638</span>: with Verbs, φωνὴν ῥῆξαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.85</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>357</span> (anap.); φ. ἱέναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">4.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>259d</span>, etc.; φ. ἥσει <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1295</span>; προΐεσθαι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.23</span>; ἀρθροῦν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.12</span>; διαρθρώσασθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>322a</span>; ἐντείνασθαι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.157</span>; φ. ἐπαρεῖ <span class="bibl">D.19.336</span>; φωνῇ [[with his voice]], [[aloud]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.161</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.29</span>; εἶπε τῇ φωνῇ τὰ ἀπόρρητα <span class="bibl">Lys.6.51</span>; διὰ ζώσης φωνῆς Anon.<span class="title">Geog.Epit.</span>1p.488M.; <b class="b3">μιᾷ φ</b>. [[with]] one [[voice]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Nigr.</span>14</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ φωνῆς</b>, c. gen., [[dictated]] by... Choerob.<span class="title">in Thd.</span>1.103 tit., Marin. <b class="b2">in Euc.Dat</b>.p.234 M., <span class="bibl">Olymp. <span class="title">in Grg.</span>p.1</span> N., <span class="bibl">Pall. <span class="title">in Hp.</span>2.1</span> D.: pl., <b class="b3">αἱ φ</b>. the [[notes of the voice]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>474e</span>; σχήμασι καὶ φωναῖς <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1306a32</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">φωνῇ ὁρᾶν</b>, of a blind man, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>138</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">πᾶσαν, τὸ λεγόμενον, φ. ἱέντα</b>, i.e. using every effort, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>890d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>293a</span>; πάσας ἀφιέναι φωνάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>475a</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.195</span>; φωνὰς ἀπρεπεῖς προΐεντο <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>802.15</span> (ii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the [[cry]] of animals, as of swine, dogs, oxen, <span class="bibl">Od.10.239</span>, <span class="bibl">12.86</span>,<span class="bibl">396</span>; of asses, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.129</span>; of the nightingale, [[song]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.521</span>; ἄνθρωπος πολλὰς φωνὰς ἀφίησι, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα μίαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>895a4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[any articulate sound]], opp. inarticulate noise (ψόφος), φ. κωκυμάτων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1206</span>; ὥσπερ φωνῆς οὔσης κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα πολλάκις καὶ λόγου ἐν τῇ φωνῇ <span class="bibl">Plot.6.4.12</span>: στοιχεῖόν ἐστι φ. ἀδιαίρετος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456b22</span>; also esp. of [[vowelsound]], opp. to that of consonants, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>203b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>535a32</span>; in literary criticism, of [[sound]], opp. meaning, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.20</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of [[sounds]] made by inanimate objects, mostly Poet., κερκίδος φ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>595</span>; συρίγγων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>127</span> (lyr.); αὐλῶν <span class="bibl">Mnesim.4.56</span> (anap.); rare in early Prose, ὀργάνων φωναί <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>397a</span>; freq. in LXX, ἡ φ. τῆς σάλπιγγος <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>20.18</span>; <b class="b3">φ. βροντῆς</b> ib. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ps.</span>103(104).7</span>; ἡ φ. αὐτοῦ ὡς φ. ὑδάτων πολλῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>1.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> generally, [[sound]], defined as <b class="b3">ἀὴρ πεπληγμένος, πληγὴ ἀέρος</b>, Zeno Stoic.1.21, Chrysipp.ib.2.43. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[faculty of speech]], [[discourse]], εἰ φωνὴν λάβοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>548</span>; παρέσχε φωνὴν τοῖς ἀφωνήτοις τινά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1283</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[language]], hdt.<span class="bibl">4.114</span>, <span class="bibl">117</span>; φ. ἀνθρωπηΐη Id.2.55; ἀγνῶτα φ. βάρβαρον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1051</span>; φωνὴν ἥσομεν Παρνησίδα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>563</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1397</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Th.6.5</span>, <span class="bibl">7.57</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>2.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span>, etc.; τῶν βαρβάρων πρὶν μαθεῖν τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>163b</span>; κατὰ τὴν Ἀττικὴν τὴν παλαιὰν φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span> 398d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">409e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[phrase]], [[saying]], τὴν Σιμωνίδου φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 341b</span>; ἡ τοῦ Σωκράτους φ. Plu.2.106b, cf. 330f, etc.; of [[formulae]], στοιχειώματα καὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.4U.</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sent.Vat.</span>41</span> (= Metrod. <span class="title">Fr.</span>59); αἱ σκεπτικαὶ φ. <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>5.162b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[report]], [[rumour]], <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>45.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[message]], Sammelb.7252.21 (iii/iv A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[loud talk]], [[bragging]], <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.Vat.</span> 45</span>.</span>