νόμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, (νέμω) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">that which is in habitual practice, use</b> or [[possession]], not in Hom. (cf. <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">Ap.</span>2.15</span>), though read by Zenod. in <span class="bibl">Od.1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[usage]], [[custom]], [Μοῦσαι] μέλπονται πάντων τε νόμους καὶ ἤθεα κεδνά <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>66</span>; ν. ἀρχαῖος ἄριστος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>221</span>; <b class="b3">ἔνθα ν</b>. (sc. [[ἐστί]]) c. inf., where it is [[the custom]]... Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>25.5; <b class="b3">ν. πάντων βασιλεύς</b> [[custom]] is lord of all, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>169.1</span>; ν. δεσπότης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>715d</span>; ν. τύραννος τῶν ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>337d</span>; ἴησις ὀθονίοισι κατὰ τὸν ν. τὸν ἀρθριτικόν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>18</span>; ὡς νόμος Id.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>37: hence, [[law]], [[ordinance]], τόνδε… ν. διέταξε Κρονίων… θηρσὶ… ἐσθέμεν ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>276</span>; τρέφονται πάντες οἱ ἀνθρώπειοι ν. ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 114</span>; ἄφθογγον εἶναι τὸν παλαμναῖον ν. [ἐστί] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>448</span>; ν. κάλλιστον ἐξευρόντα, πειθαρχεῖν πατρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1177</span>; <b class="b3">ν. κοινός</b>, = [[ὀρθὸς λόγος]], Zeno Stoic.1.43: pl., ἔργων… ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται ὑψίποδες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>865</span> (lyr.); νεοχμοῖς ν. Ζεὺς κρατύνει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>150</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in [[VT]], of the [[law]] of God, ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>1.2</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Is.</span>2.3</span>; <b class="b3">νόμον ὃν ἐνετείλατο ὑμῖν Μωϋσῆς</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">De.</span>33.4</span>; so in [[NT]], ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.22</span>, etc.; but also ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>6.2</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>8.2</span>; ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>1.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> with Preps., <b class="b3">κατὰ νόμον</b> according to [[custom]] or [[law]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.61</span>, etc.; κὰν νόμον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.78</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κατὰ ν. ὄντες θεοί</b> the [[established]] deities, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>904a</span>; κατὰ νόμους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>241</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ νόμον</b> contrary to... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>171</span> (lyr.); παρὰ τοὺς τῆς φύσεως ν. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>83e</span>; ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.38</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ</b> by [[the law]] of Adrastus, i.e. at the Nemean games, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>10.28</span>: especially in dat. [[νόμῳ]] [[by custom]], [[conventionally]], opp. [[φύσει]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 4.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Philol.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1094b16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ν. γλυκύ, ν. πικρόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Democr.9</span>; εἰ μή τις λέγοι ν. ὁρᾶν καὶ τὰς λεγομένας ποιότητας μὴ ἐν τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις εἶναι <span class="bibl">Plot.4.4.29</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσον νόμου χάριν</b> just for <b class="b2">form's</b> sake, <span class="bibl">Diph.43.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1076a27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[statute]], [[ordinance made by authority]], [Σόλων] νόμους ἔθηκεν ἄλλους, τοῖς δὲ Δράκοντος θεσμοῖς ἐπαύσαντο χρώμενοι πλὴν τῶν φονικῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ath.</span>7.1</span> (but τὸν Δράκοντος ν. τὸν περὶ τοῦ φόνου <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.5), etc.; <b class="b3">νόμον τιθέναι, τίθεσθαι</b>, v. [[τίθημι; βασιλικὸς ν]]. <span class="title">OGI</span>483.1 (Pergam., ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>2.8</span>: freq. of [[general laws]], opp. [[ψηφίσματα]] (special decrees), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>173d</span>, etc.; ὅταν τὰ ψηφίσματα κύρια ᾖ ἀλλὰ μὴ ὁ ν. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1292a7</span>: generally, [[law]], <b class="b3">ἄνευ ὀρέξεως</b> <b class="b3">νοῦς ὁ ν. ἐστίν</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1287a32</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγραφος ν</b>. Lex ap. <span class="bibl">And.1.85</span>, etc.; opp. [[γεγραμμένος]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1373b6</span>; <b class="b3">ν. ἴδιος</b>, opp. [[κοινός]], ib.<span class="bibl">4</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ν</b>. freq. as subject, οἱ ν. διδόασι τιμωρίας <span class="bibl">D.18.12</span>; ὧν ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span> 92b16 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">μὴ ὁ ν. κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον</b>; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> c. gen. rei, οὗτός τοι πεδίων πέλεται ν. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>388</span>; Ὑλλίδος στάθμας ἐν νόμοις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.62</span>; τὸν φαρμάκων δίδαξε μαλακόχειρα ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>3.55</span>; ν. ἐμβολῆς καὶ διορθώσιος Hp.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>38; <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τοῦ κριοῦ, τοῦ ἀνδρός, τῶν ἐρανιστῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Le.</span>6.31</span> (<span class="bibl">7.1</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>7.2</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span> 1198.14 (Arcesine, iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι</b> to come [[to blows]], [[into action]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.48</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ ἀπόλλυσθαι, περιπεσεῖν</b>, die [[in action]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.57.8</span>; μεταλλάξαι τὸν βίον ἐν χ. ν. <span class="bibl">Id.3.63.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.116.9</span>; Ἀσδρούβας… ἐν χ. ν. κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Id.11.2.1</span>; τοὺς μὲν ἐν χ. ν. διέφθειρε <span class="bibl">Id.1.82.2</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐν χ. ν. τὰς πολιτείας καταλύοντας</b> by 'direct <b class="b2">action'</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.5</span>; but κτεῖναι ἐν ταῖς πολεμικαῖς ἐξόδοις ἐν χειρὸς νόμῳ [[under martial law]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1285a10</span>; τῷ τοῦ πολέμου νόμῳ κτησάμενος <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[Νόμος]] personified, <b class="b3">οἱ θεοὶ σθένουσι χὡ κείνων κρατῶν</b> N. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>800</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>105</span>, <span class="bibl">160</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[melody]], [[strain]], οἶδα δ' ὀρνίχων νόμως πάντων <span class="bibl">Alcm.67</span>; ν. ἵππιος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 1.101</span>; Ἀπόλλων ἁγεῖτο παντοίων ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>5.25</span>; ν. πολεμικοί <span class="bibl">Th.5.69</span>; ἐπηλάλαξαν Ἀραὶ τὸν ὀξὺν ν. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>952</span> (lyr.); κρεκτοὶ ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 463</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>9.584: metaph., τοὺς Ἅιδου ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>861</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> esp. a type of early [[melody]] created by Terpander for the lyre as an accompaniment to Epic texts, ν. ὄρθιος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.24</span>; ν. Βοιώτιος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>966</span>; ν. κιθαρῳδικοί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1282</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>700d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1447b26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>918b13</span>, etc.; also for the flute, ν. αὐλῳδικός Plu.2.1132d; without sung text, <b class="b3">ν. αὐλητικός</b> ib.1133d, cf. 138b, <span class="bibl">Poll.4.79</span>; later, [[composition including both words and melody]], e.g. Tim.<span class="title">Pers.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = [[νοῦμμος]] (q. v.), <span class="bibl">Epich.136</span>, <span class="bibl">Sophr.162</span>, <span class="title">Inscr.Délos</span>407.21 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ν. σηστέρτιοι</b>, = Lat. [[nummi sestertii]], Inscr.Prien.41.13 (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Archit., [[course]] of masonry, <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).11.17 (Mytil.).</span>

|sltr=[[νόμος]] (-ος, -ῳ, -ον; -ων, -οις.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[custom]], [[tradition]] ἔστι δὲ καί τι θανόντεσσιν [[μέρος]] κὰν νόμον ἐρδόμενον (O. 8.78) πόλιν Ὑλλίδος στάθμας [[Ἱέρων]] ἐν νόμοις ἔκτισσε (P. 1.62) οὔτ' ἐν [[ἀνδράσι]] γερασφόρον οὔτ ἐν [[θεῶν]] νόμοις (sc. Κένταυρον) (P. 2.43) Ἀσκλαπιόν· τὸν φαρμάκων δίδαξε μαλακόχειρα νόμον (v. l. νομόν) (N. 3.55) (ἔνεπεν αὐτόν) γάμον δαίσαντα πὰρ Δὶ Κρονίδᾳ σεμνὸν αἰνήσειν νόμον (νόμον, νομόν Σ: δόμον, γάμον codd.) (N. 1.72) τρὶς μὲν ἐν πόντοιο πύλαισι [[λαχών]], τρὶς δὲ καὶ σεμνοῖς δαπέδοις Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ (N. 10.28) ἱπποτροφίας τε νομίζων ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ (I. 2.38) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[political]] [[tradition]], [[regime]] ἐν πάντα δὲ νόμον [[εὐθύγλωσσος]] ἀνὴρ προφέρει, παρὰ τυραννίδι, χὠπόταν ὁ [[λάβρος]] [[στρατός]], [[χὤταν]] πόλιν οἱ σοφοὶ τηρέωντι (P. 2.86) ἀδελφεοῖσί τ' ἐπαινήσομεν ἐσλοῖς, [[ὅτι]] [[ὑψοῦ]] φέροντι νόμον Θεσσαλῶν αὔξοντες (P. 10.70) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> [[tune]], [[melody]] ἐμὲ δὲ στεφανῶσαι κεῖνον ἱππίῳ νόμῳ Αἰοληίδι μολπᾷ [[χρή]] (v. [Plut.], περὶ μουσικῆς, § 7) (O. 1.101) [[ἀλλά]] νιν εὑροῖσ ([[Ἀθάνα]]) [[ἀνδράσι]] θνατοῖς ἔχειν, ὠνύμασεν κεφαλᾶν πολλᾶν νόμον, εὐκλεᾶ λαοσσόων μναστῆρ' ἀγώνων (P. 12.23) φόρμιγγ' [[Ἀπόλλων]] ἑπτάγλωσσον χρυσέῳ πλάκτρῳ διώκων [[ἁγεῖτο]] παντοίων νόμων (N. 5.25) νόμων ἀκούοντες θεόδματον κέλαδον fr. 35c.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b> pro pers., Custom Νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων (“wenns [[die]] Menschen für gerecht erklären, wird auch [[die]] Gewalttat gerechtfertigt” Wil., 462: contra, Treu, Rh. M., 1963, 193ff.: v. Ostwald, H. S. C. P., 1965, 109ff.) fr. 169. 1.

|astxt=[[νόμος]], -ου, ὁ (< [[νέμω]], to [[deal]] [[out]], [[distribute]]), [in LXX [[chiefly]] for תּוֹרָה, [[also]] for חֻקָּה, etc.;] <br />[[that]] [[which]] is assigned, [[hence]], [[usage]], [[custom]], [[then]] [[law]]; in NT ([[only]] in Mt, Jo, Ja, and the Lucan and Pauline bks.);<br /><b class="num">1.</b>of [[law]] in [[general]]: Ro 3:27 5:13b; pl., of [[divine]] laws, He 8:10 10:16; ὁ ν. τ. Χριστοῦ, Ga 6:2; (τ.) ἐλευθερίας, Ja 1:25 2:12; βασιλικιός (Hort., in l.; Deiss., LAE, 267:3), Ja 2:8. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>Of a [[force]] or [[influence]] impelling to [[action]]: Ro 7:21, 23a, 25 8:2. <br /><b class="num">3.</b>Of the Mosaic [[law]]: Mt 5:18, Lk 2:27, Jo 1:17, Ac 6:13, Ro 2:15, I Co 9:8, I Ti 1:8, He 7:19; al.; Μωυσέως, Lk 2:22, Jo 7:23, Ac 15:5, al.; κυρίου, Lk 2:39; κατὰ τὸν ν., Ac 22:12, He 7:5 9:22. <br /><b class="num">4.</b>As printed, Abbott-Smith [[mistakenly]] numbers [[this]] as 3.Anarthrous (Bl, §46, 8; ICC on Ro 2:12, 13), [[νόμος]],<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of [[law]] in [[general]]: Ro 2:12, 14b 3:20, 21 4:15, al.; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of the Mosaic [[law]] in its [[quality]] as [[law]]: Ro 2:14a 5:20 10:4, Ga 2:19, al.; οἱ ἐκ ν., Ro 4:14; ὑπὸ νόμον, I Co 9:20, Ga 4:5; ν. πράσσειν (πληροῦν), Ro 2:25 13:8. <br /><b class="num">5.</b>Of Christian [[teaching]]: ν. πίστεως, Ro 3:27; τ. Χριστοῦ, Ga 6:2. <br /><b class="num">6.</b>By meton., of thebooks [[which]] [[contain]] the [[law]];<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of the Pentateuch: Mt 12:5, Jo 1:45, al.; ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται, Mt 5:17, Lk 16:16, al.; ὁ ν. καὶ προφῆται κ. ψαλμοί, Lk 24:44. <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of the OT Scriptures in [[general]] (as Heb. תֹּורָה): Jo 10:34 12:34 15:25, I Co 14:21, al.