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τετραφάρμακος: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=tetrafarmakos
|Transliteration C=tetrafarmakos
|Beta Code=tetrafa/rmakos
|Beta Code=tetrafa/rmakos
|Definition=ον, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[compounded of four drugs]]:—as [[substantive]], [[τετραφάρμακος]], [[ἡ]], <b class="b2">a compound of wax, tallow, pitch, resin</b>, <span class="bibl">Meno <span class="title">Iatr.</span> 14.19</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.1.433</span> (= <span class="title">Stoic.</span>2.154), Gal.1.242; also <b class="b3">-κον, τό</b>, Id.12.328. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">-κος, ἡ</b>, metaph., of the first four <b class="b3">Κύριαι Δόξαι</b> of Epicurus, Phld.<span class="title">Herc.</span>1005.4.</span>
|Definition=ον,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[compounded of four drugs]]:—as [[substantive]], [[τετραφάρμακος]], [[ἡ]], a [[compound]] of [[wax]], [[tallow]], [[pitch]], [[resin]], Meno Iatr. 14.19, Ph.1.433 (= Stoic.2.154), Gal.1.242; also [[τετραφάρμακον]], τό, Id.12.328.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[τετραφάρμακος]], ἡ, metaph., of the first four Κύριαι Δόξαι of [[Epicurus]], Phld.Herc.1005.4.
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|mltxt=-ον, ΜΑ<br /><b>μσν.</b><br />αυτός που αποτελείται από [[τέσσερα]] φάρμακα<br /><b>αρχ.</b><br /><b>1.</b> <b>το θηλ. ως ουσ.</b> ἡ [[τετραφάρμακος]]<br />α) [[είδος]] εμπλάστρου από κηρό, [[στέαρ]], [[πίσσα]] και [[ρητίνη]]<br />β) οι πρώτες [[τέσσερεις]] «Κύριαι Δόξαι» του Επικούρου<br /><b>2.</b> <b>το ουδ. ως ουσ.</b> <i>τὸ τετραφάρμακον</i><br />το [[παραπάνω]] [[είδος]] εμπλάστρου.<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> <span style="color: red;"><</span> <i>τετρ</i>(<i>α</i>)- <span style="color: red;">+</span> [[φάρμακον]] (<b>πρβλ.</b> <i>πεντα</i>-[[φάρμακος]])].
|mltxt=-ον, ΜΑ<br /><b>μσν.</b><br />αυτός που αποτελείται από [[τέσσερα]] φάρμακα<br /><b>αρχ.</b><br /><b>1.</b> <b>το θηλ. ως ουσ.</b> ἡ [[τετραφάρμακος]]<br />α) [[είδος]] εμπλάστρου από κηρό, [[στέαρ]], [[πίσσα]] και [[ρητίνη]]<br />β) οι πρώτες [[τέσσερεις]] «Κύριαι Δόξαι» του Επικούρου<br /><b>2.</b> <b>το ουδ. ως ουσ.</b> <i>τὸ τετραφάρμακον</i><br />το [[παραπάνω]] [[είδος]] εμπλάστρου.<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> <span style="color: red;"><</span> <i>τετρ</i>(<i>α</i>)- <span style="color: red;">+</span> [[φάρμακον]] (<b>πρβλ.</b> <i>πεντα</i>-[[φάρμακος]])].
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==Wikipedia EN==
Tetrapharmacum, Latinized from the Greek τετραφάρμακος tetrapharmakos (feminine; also τετραϕάρμακον tetrapharmakon) "the "fourfold drug", was an ancient Greek pharmaceutical compound, a mixture of wax, pine resin, pitch and animal fat, most often pork fat.
The word tetrapharmakos has been used metaphorically by 1st-century Epicureans to refer to the four Κύριαι Δόξαι ("chief doctrines") or remedies for healing the soul.
Apparently named after this unprepossessing concoction, [[tetrapharmacum]] (or [[tetrafarmacum]]) was a complicated and expensive dish in Roman Imperial cuisine. It contained sow's udder, pheasant, wild boar and ham in pastry. The only surviving source of information on the tetrafarmacum is the Augustan History, which mentions it three times. All three mentions are credited to the now-lost biography of Hadrian by Marius Maximus. According to this source, the Caesar Lucius Aelius (died 138) invented the dish; his senior colleague, the Emperor Hadrian, liked it; a later emperor, Alexander Severus, liked it too.
==Wikipedia FR==
Le tetrapharmacum ou tetrafarmacum (en grec tetrapharmakos (τετραφάρμακος) ou parfois tetrapharmakon, τετραϕάρμακον, de tetra, quatre) est une composition pharmaceutique connue dans la médecine greco-romaine, dont les constituants furent la cire, la résine de pin, la poix et le lard (surtout le lard de porc). Le mot désigne aussi un rèmède à quatre composants pour les chevaux.
Selon l'Histoire Auguste, un plat de la cuisine romaine porterait ce nom. L'auteur dit que ce plat fut inventé par Aelius Verus et apprécié par son père adoptif, l'empereur Hadrien, et plus tard par Alexandre Sévère. Dans la Vie d'Hadrien, il le décrit comme composé de faisan, de tétine de truie, de jambon et de pâte, tandis que dans la Vie d'Aelius, il en fait une recette à base de faisan, de tétine de truie, de paon, de jambon en croûte et de sanglier. L'auteur de l'Histoire Auguste prétend avoir repris ces informations des biographies de l'historien Marius Maximus. L'œuvre de Marius Maximus est perdue, ce qui empêche tout recoupement, mais André Chastagnol doute de la réalité d'une telle indication chez cet auteur et croit que cette recette est le fruit de l'imagination de l'auteur de l'Histoire Auguste, inspirée des recettes d'Apicius, évoqué dans la Vie d'Aelius en même temps que le tetrafarmacum.
==Wikipedia IT==
Il tetrafarmacum (in greco antico: τετραφάρμακον) era un composto farmaceutico, proveniente dall'antica Grecia. In Grecia questo era un miscuglio di cera, resina di pino, pece e grasso animale, soprattutto di origine suina.
Chiamato così proprio per l'unione di queste quattro sostanze, ("tetra", in greco, significa "quattro", mentre "farmakon" propriamente identificava il veleno), a Roma il termine tetrafarmacum era un complicato e costoso piatto della cucina romana. Conteneva mammelle di scrofa, fagiano, cinghiale e prosciutto.
La sola fonte che ha permesso di conoscere e di tramandare fino ai giorni nostri il tetrafarmacum è la Historia Augusta, che lo menziona tre volte. Tutte e tre provengono dalla biografia di Adriano, che non è giunta a noi. Lucio Elio Cesare (morto nel 138) inventò il piatto culinario, che piaceva molto all'imperatore Adriano, ma anche ad Alessandro Severo.
==Wikipedia LA==
Tetrapharmacum (Graece τετραφάρμακον) apothecariorum fuit medicamentum e cera, resina, pice necnon adipe compositum.
Tetrafarmacum sive tetrapharmacum coquorum, ab hoc medicamento appellatum, cibus fuit sumptuosus de fasiano, sumine, apro, perna e crustulo. Auctore Mario Maximo in Vita Hadriani deperdita, ut legere possimus in libro cuius titulus est Historia Augusta, tetrapharmacum invenit Aelius Verus Caesar, laudaverunt et divus Hadrianus et Alexander Severus.