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πταίω: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=ptaio
|Transliteration C=ptaio
|Beta Code=ptai/w
|Beta Code=ptai/w
|Definition=<span class="bibl">Th.1.122</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> πταίσω <span class="bibl">D.2.20</span>: aor. ἔπταισα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.101</span>, etc.: pf. ἔπταικα <span class="bibl">Men.675</span>, <span class="bibl">Bato 1</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.48.4</span>, (προσ-) <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.82</span>:— Pass., v. infr.1: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> trans., [[cause to stumble]] or [[fall]], σύνθεσιν ποτὶ ψεύδει <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>205</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>4.3</span>:—Pass., to [[be missed]], of things, <span class="bibl">Ael. <span class="title">NA</span>2.15</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πταισθέντα</b> [[failures]], [[errors]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Demon.</span>7</span>; <b class="b3">ἃ ἐπταίσθη</b> his [[failures]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Comp.Dion.Brut.</span>3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> intr., [[stumble]], [[trip]], [[fall]], <b class="b3">π. πρός τινι</b> [[stumble against]], [[fall over]], π., ὥσπερ πρὸς ἕρματι, πρὸς τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>553b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>926</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.26</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὰς πέτρας</b> cj. in <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>4.2.3</span>; [[proverb|prov.]], μὴ δὶς πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν λίθον πταίειν <span class="bibl">Plb.31.11.5</span>; also <b class="b3">π. περί τινι, μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς</b> lest Hellas [[should get a fall]] over him, i.e. be defeated by him, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.101</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[make a false step]] or [[mistake]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.43</span>, <span class="bibl">D.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.672</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐὰν πταίωσί τι</b> when [[they make a blunder]], of medical men, <span class="bibl">Philem.75.5</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐλάττω, ἐλάχιστα, τὰ πλείω π</b>., <span class="bibl">Th.1.122</span>, <span class="bibl">4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">6.33</span>; ἔν τισι <span class="bibl">D. 18.286</span>; λογισμοῖς <span class="bibl">Men.380</span>; <b class="b3">τῇ μάχῃ, τοῖς ὅλοις, τοῖς πράγμασι</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Plb.18.14.13</span>, <span class="bibl">3.48.4</span>, <span class="bibl">1.10.1</span>, etc.; ἀψευδὴς ὢν καὶ μὴ π. τῇ διανοίᾳ περὶ τὰ ὄντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>160d</span>; also π. ὑπ' ἀνάγκας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>215</span> (lyr.); ὑπό τινος π. τῇ πατρίδι <span class="bibl">Plb.5.93.2</span>; ἐκ τύχης <span class="bibl">Id.2.7.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. τῆς ἐλπίδος</b> <b class="b2">to be baulked of . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.8.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἡ γλῶττα π</b>. [[stutters]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>875b19</span>.</span>
|Definition=<span class="bibl">Th.1.122</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> πταίσω <span class="bibl">D.2.20</span>: aor. ἔπταισα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.101</span>, etc.: pf. ἔπταικα <span class="bibl">Men.675</span>, <span class="bibl">Bato 1</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.48.4</span>, (προσ-) <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.82</span>:— Pass., v. infr.1: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> trans., [[cause to stumble]] or [[cause to fall]], σύνθεσιν ποτὶ ψεύδει <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>205</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>4.3</span>:—Pass., to [[be missed]], of things, <span class="bibl">Ael. <span class="title">NA</span>2.15</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πταισθέντα</b> [[failure]]s, [[error]]s, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Demon.</span>7</span>; <b class="b3">ἃ ἐπταίσθη</b> his [[failures]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Comp.Dion.Brut.</span>3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> intr., [[stumble]], [[trip]], [[fall]], <b class="b3">π. πρός τινι</b> [[stumble against]], [[fall over]], π., ὥσπερ πρὸς ἕρματι, πρὸς τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>553b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>926</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.26</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὰς πέτρας</b> cj. in <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>4.2.3</span>; [[proverb|prov.]], [[μὴ δὶς πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν λίθον πταίειν]] = do not [[stumble]] [[twice]] on the [[same]] [[stone]] <span class="bibl">Plb.31.11.5</span>; also <b class="b3">π. περί τινι, μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς</b> lest Hellas should get a [[fall]] over him, i.e. be [[defeat]]ed by him, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.101</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[make a false step]] or [[make a mistake]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.43</span>, <span class="bibl">D.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.672</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐὰν πταίωσί τι</b> when they [[make a blunder]], of medical men, <span class="bibl">Philem.75.5</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐλάττω, ἐλάχιστα, τὰ πλείω π</b>., <span class="bibl">Th.1.122</span>, <span class="bibl">4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">6.33</span>; ἔν τισι <span class="bibl">D. 18.286</span>; λογισμοῖς <span class="bibl">Men.380</span>; <b class="b3">τῇ μάχῃ, τοῖς ὅλοις, τοῖς πράγμασι</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Plb.18.14.13</span>, <span class="bibl">3.48.4</span>, <span class="bibl">1.10.1</span>, etc.; ἀψευδὴς ὢν καὶ μὴ π. τῇ διανοίᾳ περὶ τὰ ὄντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>160d</span>; also π. ὑπ' ἀνάγκας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>215</span> (lyr.); ὑπό τινος π. τῇ πατρίδι <span class="bibl">Plb.5.93.2</span>; ἐκ τύχης <span class="bibl">Id.2.7.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. τῆς ἐλπίδος</b> to [[be baulked]] of . ., <span class="bibl">Hdn.8.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἡ γλῶττα π</b>. [[stutter]]s, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>875b19</span>.</span>
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|lsmtext='''πταίω:''' μέλ. <i>πταίσω</i>, αόρ. αʹ <i>ἔπταισα</i>, παρακ. <i>ἔπταικα</i> — Παθ., αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐπταίσθην</i><br /><b class="num">I.</b> μτβ., κάνω κάποιον να παραπατήσει ή να πέσει, τινὰ [[πρός]] τινι, σε Πίνδ. — Παθ., <i>τὰ πταισθέντα</i>, αποτυχίες, σε Λουκ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> αμτβ., [[παραπατώ]], [[σκοντάφτω]], [[πέφτω]], σε Σοφ. κ.λπ.· [[πταίω]] [[πρός]] τινι, [[σκοντάφτω]] σε [[κάτι]], [[πέφτω]] πάνω, σε Αισχύλ., Πλάτ.· [[πρός]] τι, σε Ξεν.· επίσης, μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ [[Ἑλλάς]], για να μην πέσει η [[Ελλάδα]] σε αυτόν, δηλ. για να μην ηττηθεί από αυτόν, σε Ηρόδ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> μεταφ., κάνω ένα [[λάθος]] [[βήμα]], [[αποτυγχάνω]], σε Θουκ., Δημ.· επίσης, <i>ἐλάχιστα</i>, τὰ [[πλείω]] πταίουσιν, σε Θουκ. κ.λπ.
|lsmtext='''πταίω:''' μέλ. <i>πταίσω</i>, αόρ. αʹ <i>ἔπταισα</i>, παρακ. <i>ἔπταικα</i> — Παθ., αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐπταίσθην</i><br /><b class="num">I.</b> μτβ., κάνω κάποιον να παραπατήσει ή να πέσει, τινὰ [[πρός]] τινι, σε Πίνδ. — Παθ., <i>τὰ πταισθέντα</i>, αποτυχίες, σε Λουκ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> αμτβ., [[παραπατώ]], [[σκοντάφτω]], [[πέφτω]], σε Σοφ. κ.λπ.· [[πταίω]] [[πρός]] τινι, [[σκοντάφτω]] σε [[κάτι]], [[πέφτω]] πάνω, σε Αισχύλ., Πλάτ.· [[πρός]] τι, σε Ξεν.· επίσης, μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ [[Ἑλλάς]], για να μην πέσει η [[Ελλάδα]] σε αυτόν, δηλ. για να μην ηττηθεί από αυτόν, σε Ηρόδ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> μεταφ., κάνω ένα [[λάθος]] [[βήμα]], [[αποτυγχάνω]], σε Θουκ., Δημ.· επίσης, <i>ἐλάχιστα</i>, τὰ [[πλείω]] πταίουσιν, σε Θουκ. κ.λπ.
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|elnltext=πταίω, Dor. praes. ptc. f. πταίοισα; aor. pass. ἐπταίσθην; perf. ἔπταικα stoten (tegen), struikelen (over): met prep. bep..; λίθος πταίουσα ποτ ’ ἀρβυλίδεσσιν een steen die tegen je schoenen aanspringt Theocr. Id. 7.26; meestal van personen; π. ὥσπερ πρὸς ἕρματι als het ware tegen een klip botsen Plat. Resp. 553b; overdr. struikelen over, niet over... heen komen: met prep. bep.. πταίσας τῷδε πρὸς κακῷ tegen dit kwaad opgelopen Aeschl. PV 926; ἦν ἀρρωδίη... μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ Ἑλλάς er bestond angst dat Griekenland over Mardonius zou struikelen (d.w.z. het onderspit zou delven) Hdt. 9.101.3; π. τῇ διανοίᾳ περὶ τὰ ὄντα in zijn denken struikelen over het zijnde Plat. Tht. 160d; κἂν περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τὰ πλείω πταίσωσιν ook al struikelen zij meestal over zichzelf Thuc. 6.33.5; πταίσαντος περὶ Ἔφεσον του Θρασύλλου toen Thrasullos struikelde over Ephese (d.w.z. een nederlaag leed) Plut. Alc. 29.2. struikelen, een fout maken: met acc. v. h. inw. obj..; ἤν τι πταίσωσιν als ze ergens in falen Thuc. 2.43.6; christ. abs. zondigen; NT 2 Pet. 1.10; pass..; ἃ δ ’ ἐπταίσθη δι ’ ἑτέρους... μεταστήσας ἐπὶ τὸ βελτίον de fouten die door toedoen van andere gemaakt waren corrigeren Plut. Brut. 56.1; ptc. subst.. τὰ πταισθέντα de fouten Luc. 9.7.
|elnltext=πταίω, Dor. praes. ptc. f. πταίοισα; aor. pass. ἐπταίσθην; perf. ἔπταικα stoten (tegen), struikelen (over): met prep. bep..; λίθος πταίουσα ποτ ’ ἀρβυλίδεσσιν een steen die tegen je schoenen aanspringt Theocr. Id. 7.26; meestal van personen; π. ὥσπερ πρὸς ἕρματι als het ware tegen een klip botsen Plat. Resp. 553b; overdr. struikelen over, niet over... heen komen: met prep. bep.. πταίσας τῷδε πρὸς κακῷ tegen dit kwaad opgelopen Aeschl. PV 926; ἦν ἀρρωδίη... μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ Ἑλλάς er bestond angst dat Griekenland over Mardonius zou struikelen (d.w.z. het onderspit zou delven) Hdt. 9.101.3; π. τῇ διανοίᾳ περὶ τὰ ὄντα in zijn denken struikelen over het zijnde Plat. Tht. 160d; κἂν περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τὰ πλείω πταίσωσιν ook al struikelen zij meestal over zichzelf Thuc. 6.33.5; πταίσαντος περὶ Ἔφεσον του Θρασύλλου toen Thrasullos struikelde over Ephese (d.w.z. een nederlaag leed) Plut. Alc. 29.2. struikelen, een fout maken: met acc. v. h. inw. obj..; ἤν τι πταίσωσιν als ze ergens in falen Thuc. 2.43.6; christ. abs. zondigen; NT 2 Pet. 1.10; pass..; ἃ δ ’ ἐπταίσθη δι ’ ἑτέρους... μεταστήσας ἐπὶ τὸ βελτίον de fouten die door toedoen van andere gemaakt waren corrigeren Plut. Brut. 56.1; ptc. subst.. τὰ πταισθέντα de fouten Luc. 9.7.
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{{etym
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to nudge, to crash into, to stumble, to err, to have bad luck</b> (IA.); rarely trans. [[to knock over]] (Pi. fr. 205, LXX).<br />Other forms: Aor. [[πταῖσαι]], fut. [[πταίσω]], also perf. (Youngatt., hell.) [[ἔπταικα]], pass. (late) [[πταισθῆναι]], [[ἔπταισμαι]].<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: [[πταῖσμα]] (<b class="b3">πρόσ-</b> πταίω) n. [[push]], [[fault]], [[misfortune]], [[defeat]] (IA., Thgn.), [[πρόσπταισις]] f. [[push]], [[stumble]], [[collision]] (D. H.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Expressive word without clear etymology. A general similarity show [[παίω]], [[ῥαίω]], also <b class="b3">-κναίω</b> a.o., which may have influenced the formation of [[πταίω]]; on the anlaut cf. [[πτίσσω]], [[πτήσσω]]. After Merlingen <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 2, 55 through metathesis <b class="b2">pt-</b> from <b class="b2">tp-</b> as zero grade of OCS <b class="b2">tepù</b> [[beat]] etc.; pricipally to be considered. Against connection with [[πέτομαι]] (Persson Beitr. 2, 825; s. Bq) rightly WP. 2, 21. -- The word may well be Pre-Greek.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to nudge, to crash into, to stumble, to err, to have bad luck</b> (IA.); rarely trans. [[to knock over]] (Pi. fr. 205, LXX).<br />Other forms: Aor. [[πταῖσαι]], fut. [[πταίσω]], also perf. (Youngatt., hell.) [[ἔπταικα]], pass. (late) [[πταισθῆναι]], [[ἔπταισμαι]].<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: [[πταῖσμα]] (<b class="b3">πρόσ-</b> πταίω) n. [[push]], [[fault]], [[misfortune]], [[defeat]] (IA., Thgn.), [[πρόσπταισις]] f. [[push]], [[stumble]], [[collision]] (D. H.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Expressive word without clear etymology. A general similarity show [[παίω]], [[ῥαίω]], also <b class="b3">-κναίω</b> a.o., which may have influenced the formation of [[πταίω]]; on the anlaut cf. [[πτίσσω]], [[πτήσσω]]. After Merlingen <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 2, 55 through metathesis <b class="b2">pt-</b> from <b class="b2">tp-</b> as zero grade of OCS <b class="b2">tepù</b> [[beat]] etc.; pricipally to be considered. Against connection with [[πέτομαι]] (Persson Beitr. 2, 825; s. Bq) rightly WP. 2, 21. -- The word may well be Pre-Greek.
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{{Chinese
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|sngr='''原文音譯''':pta⋯w 普台哦<br />'''詞類次數''':動詞(5)<br />'''原文字根''':絆跌 相當於: ([[יָקַשׁ]]&#x200E;)<br />'''字義溯源''':失足,失腳,犯過失,犯錯,犯罪,失敗,跌倒;源自([[πίπτω]] / [[συμπίπτω]])*=落下)<br />'''出現次數''':總共(5);羅(1);雅(3);彼後(1)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 你們⋯失腳(1) 彼後1:10;<br />2) 我們⋯過失(1) 雅3:2;<br />3) 過失(1) 雅3:2;<br />4) 跌倒(1) 雅2:10;<br />5) 他們失腳(1) 羅11:11
|sngr='''原文音譯''':pta⋯w 普台哦<br />'''詞類次數''':動詞(5)<br />'''原文字根''':絆跌 相當於: ([[יָקַשׁ]]&#x200E;)<br />'''字義溯源''':失足,失腳,犯過失,犯錯,犯罪,失敗,跌倒;源自([[πίπτω]] / [[συμπίπτω]])*=落下)<br />'''出現次數''':總共(5);羅(1);雅(3);彼後(1)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 你們⋯失腳(1) 彼後1:10;<br />2) 我們⋯過失(1) 雅3:2;<br />3) 過失(1) 雅3:2;<br />4) 跌倒(1) 雅2:10;<br />5) 他們失腳(1) 羅11:11
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