cognosco: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>co-gnosco</b>: gnōvi, gnĭtum, 3 (<br /><b>I</b> tempp. perff. contr. cognosti, Ter. And. 3, 4, 7: cognostis, id. Hec. prol. 8: cognoram, Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 143; Cat. 66, 26: cognoro, Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2; id. Fam. 2, 11, 2 fin.: cognorim, Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 1: cognoris, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; Lucr. 6, 534: cognorit, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 11: cognosses, Cic. Fl. 21, 51; Cat. 91, 3: cognossent, Nep. Lys. 4 fin.: cognosse, Lucr. 1, 331; Cat. 90, 3; Ov. M. 15, 4 al.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 532; 2, 535), v. a. [[nosco]].<br /><b>I</b> To [[become]] [[thoroughly]] acquainted [[with]] (by the senses or mentally), to [[learn]] by [[inquiring]], to [[examine]], [[investigate]], [[perceive]], see, [[understand]], [[learn]]; and, in tempp. perff. (cf. [[nosco]]) to [[know]] ([[very]] freq. in all periods and [[species]] of [[composition]]); constr. [[with]] acc., [[with]] acc. and inf., or a rel.-[[clause]] as [[object]], and [[with]] ex, ab, the abl. [[alone]], or per, [[with]] the [[source]], etc., of the [[information]], and [[with]] de.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> By the senses: [[credit]] [[enim]] [[sensus]] ignem cognoscere [[vere]], Lucr. 1, 697; 6, 194; Enn. Ann. ap. Pers. 6, 9 (v. 16 Vahl.); cf.: doctas cognoscere Athenas, Prop. 1, 6, 13; so, regiones, Caes. B. G. 3, 7: domos [[atque]] villas, Sall. C. 12, 3: Elysios campos, etc., Tib. 3, 5, 23: totum amnem, Verg. A. 9, 245: sepulcra, Suet. Calig. 3: Aegyptum proficisci cognoscendae antiquitatis, Tac. A. 2, 59; cf. Nep. Att. 18, 1: infantem, Suet. Calig. 13: si [[quid]] dignum cognitu, [[worth]] [[seeing]], Suet. Aug. 43 rem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 275, 22: ab iis [[Caesar]] haec dicta cognovit, qui sermoni interfuerunt, Caes. B. C 3, 18 fin.: si [[tantus]] [[amor]] [[casus]] cognoscere nostros.. Incipiam, Verg A. 2, 10: [[verum]], [[quod]] institui dicere, miserias cognoscite sociorum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: aliquid et litteris et nuntiis cognoscere, id. Fam. 1, 5, 1; 14, 5, 1; 14, 6 init.: [[iter]] ex perfugis, Sall. C. 57, 3; id. J. 112, 1 al: per exploratores cognovit, Caes. B. G. 1, 22; 5, 49; 2, 11; 7, 16: [[deditio]] per nuntios cognita, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 22 Gerl.: de Marcelli [[salute]], Cic Fam. 4, 4, 3: de Bruto, id. Att. 5, 21, 10; Sall J. 73, 1: his (quibus) rebus cognitis [[very]] freq. in the historians, Caes. B G. 1, 19, 1, 33; 2, 17; 4, 30 et saep., so in abl. absol. cognito, vivere Ptolemaeum, Liv. 33, 41, 5, so id. 37, 13, 5, 44, 28, 4 al.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 647.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Like the Engl. to [[know]], the Heb. (v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v 3), and the Gr. [[γιγνώσκω]] (v. Lidd. and Scott, under the [[word]], III.), euphem of [[sexual]] [[intercourse]], Ov. H. 6, 133 [[aliquam]] [[adulterio]], Just 5, 2, 5, 22, 1, 13: cognita, Cat 61, 147; Tac. H 4, 44.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Mentally, to [[become]] acquainted [[with]], [[learn]], recognize, [[know]]: [[nihil]] certum sciri, [[nihil]] [[plane]] cognosci et percipi possit, Cic. de Or 1, 51, 222, Lucr 2, 840; [[quod]] Di vitiaci fratris summum in populum Romanum [[studium]] cognoverat, Caes. B. G 1, 19; cf. Sall. C. 51, 16 quem tu, cum ephebum Temni cognosses, Cic. Fl. 21, 51 et saep.: id se a Gallicis armis [[atque]] insignibus cognovisse, knew by [[their]] weapons and [[insignia]] (diff. from ex and ab [[aliquo]], to [[learn]] from [[any]] one, v ab), Caes. B G. 1, 22; Ov. P 2, 10, 1; Phaedr. 4, 21, 22.—With acc. and inf: [[nunc]] animam [[quoque]] ut in membris cognoscere possis esse, Lucr 3, 117; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: cum paucitatem mililum ex castrorum exiguitate cognosceret, Caes B G. 4, 30: aetatem eorum ex dentibus, Varr R. R. 2, 8 fin.: sed Metello jam [[antea]] experimentis cognitum erat, [[genus]] Numidarum infidum... esse, Sall. J 46, 3 al.—With acc. and [[part]].: [[aliter]] ac sperarat rempublicam se habentem, Nep. Ham. 2, 1.—With rel.- [[clause]]: [[tandem]] cognosti qui [[siem]], Ter And. 3, 4, 7: id socordiāne an casu acciderit, [[parum]] cognovi, Sall. J. 79, 5 al.—<br /><b>II</b> To recognize [[that]] [[which]] is [[already]] [[known]], [[acknowledge]], [[identify]] ([[rare]] for [[agnosco]]): [[vereor]], ne me [[quoque]], cum domum ab Ilio [[cessim]] revertero, Praeter canem cognoscat [[nemo]], Varr. ap. Non. p. 276, 9: eum haec cognovit Myrrhina, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 32: [[primum]] ostendimus Cethego [[signum]]: cognovit, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10; cf.: [[sigilla]], ova, id. Ac. 2, 26, 86; Lucr. 2, 349: [[pecus]] exceptum est, [[quod]] [[intra]] [[dies]] XXX. domini cognovissent, to [[identify]], Liv. 24, 16, 5; cf.: ut suum [[quisque]] per [[triduum]] cognitum abduceret, id. 3, 10, 1; Ov. F. 2, 185: [[video]] et [[cognosco]] [[signum]], Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 45: faciem suam, Ov. A. A. 3, 508: cognito regis corpore, Just. 2, 6, 20: [[mores]], Ov. P. 3, 2, 105.—So esp., to [[identify]] a [[person]] [[before]] a [[tribunal]]: cum eum Syracusis [[amplius]] [[centum]] cives Romani cognoscerent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 14; 2, 5, 28, § 72.—<br /><b>III</b> With the [[access]]. [[idea]] of [[individual]] [[exertion]] (cf. Gr. [[γιγνώσκω]]), to [[seek]] or [[strive]] to [[know]] [[something]], to [[inquire]] [[into]], to [[investigate]], [[examine]] (so freq. [[only]] as a jurid. and milit. t. t.): accipe, cognosce [[signum]], Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 31.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Jurid. t. t., to [[examine]] a [[case]] in [[law]], to [[investigate]] [[judicially]] (cf. [[cognitio]]): [[Verres]] adesse jubebat, [[Verres]] cognoscebat, [[Verres]] judicabat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf. Quint. 4, 2, 21; Dig. 13, 4, 4 al.—So absol.: si judicas, cognosce, Sen. Med. 194.—With acc.: causam, Quint. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. 11, 1, 77 Spald. N. cr.: causas, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118. COGNITIONES, Inscr. Orell. 3042.—With de: de agro Campano, Cic. Phil. 5, 19, 53: de Caesaris actis, id. Att. 16, 16 B, 8: de hereditate, id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 19: hac de re, id. ib. 2, 1, 10, § 27; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 85; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 62 al.; Suet. Aug. 55; 93; id. Tib. 33; id. Calig. 38 al.: [[super]] aliquā re, Dig. 23, 2, 13: familiae herciscundae, i. e. ex actione familiae herciscundae, ib. 28, 5, 35; cf. ib. 27, 2, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf., of critics and the criticising [[public]]: cognoscere [[atque]] ignoscere, Quae veteres factitarunt, si faciunt [[novi]], Ter. Eun. prol. 42; cf. id. Hec. prol. 3 and 8.—And of [[private]] persons in gen.: et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati [[locus]], Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Milit. t. t., to [[reconnoitre]], to [[act]] the [[part]] of a [[scout]]: [[qualis]] esset [[natura]] montis et [[qualis]] in circuitu [[ascensus]], qui cognoscerent, misit, Caes. B. G. 1, 21 al— Also [[merely]] to [[inquire]] [[into]], [[examine]]: numerum tuorum militum reliquiasque, Cic. Pis. 37, 91 (al. recognoscere).—Hence, *<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[cognoscens]], entis, P. a., acquainted [[with]]: [[cognoscens]] sui, Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25. —Subst. in jurid. lang., one [[who]] investigates [[judicially]] Inscr Orell 3151; 3185.—* Adv.: [[cognoscenter]], [[with]] [[knowledge]], [[distinctly]]: ut [[cognoscenter]] te videam, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cognĭtus, a, um, P. a., [[known]], acknowledged, approved. res [[penitus]] perspectae planeque cognitae, Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108, cf. id. ib 1, 20, 92; id. Fam. 1, 7, 2. dierum [[ratio]] pervulgata et cognita, id. Mur 11, 25: [[homo]] virtute cognitā et spectatā [[fide]], id. Caecin. 36, 104.—With dat.: mihi [[Galba]], [[Otho]], [[Vitellius]] nec beneficio nec injuriā cogniti, Tac. H. 1, 1, so Plin. 12, 21, 45, § 99.—Comp.: cognitiora, Ov Tr. 4, 6, 28. cognitius, id. M. 14, 15.—Sup.: cognitissima, Cat. 4, 14.