σικύα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], Ion. σῐκ-ύη, ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">bottle-gourd, bottle gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 616a22</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.13.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">CP</span>1.10.4</span>.  

<span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> [[round gourd]], [[Cucurbita maxima]].  

</span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">σικύα Ἰνδική</b>,= [[κολοκύντη]], Euthyd. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.2.58f</span>, cf. Menodor.ib.<span class="bibl">59a</span>: but ς. distinguished from [[κολοκύντη]] in Hellespontian dialect, <span class="bibl">Ath.2.59a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> = [[κολοκυνθίς]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.37</span>; σ. πικρά Dsc.4.176. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[gourd]] used as a calabash, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span> 7202.20</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[cupping-instrument]], because it was shaped like the gourd, <span class="bibl">Crates Com.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aph.</span>5.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>79e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1405b3</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.47.8,11.</span>

|elnltext=σῐκύᾱ -ας, ἡ, Ion. σικύη pompoen; geneesk. laatkop (instrument voor aderlating).

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[bottle gourd]], [[Lagenaria vulgaris]] (Hp., Arist., Thphr. etc.), metaph. [[bleeding cup]] (Hp., com., Pl. etc.) with <b class="b3">-υάζω</b> [[to cup]] (Arr.), with <b class="b3">-ύασις</b>, <b class="b3">-υασ-μός</b> (late).<br />Other forms: Ion. <b class="b3">-ύη</b> ([[σεκούα]] H.).<br />Compounds: As 1. element in <b class="b3">σικυ-ήλατον</b> n. [[patch of gourds]], [[cucumbers]] (Hp.; <b class="b3">-ήρατον</b> pap.); to [[ἐλαύνω]] (resp. with [[ρ]] for [[λ]]; Schwyzer 213 w. lit.).<br />Derivatives: Besides [[σίκυος]] ([[σικυός]]) m. <b class="b2">cucumber or melon, Cueumis (sativus)</b> (Hp., com., Arist. etc.), also [[σίκυς]] f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Alc., Dsc., Gal.). -- From this: dimin. <b class="b3">σικύ-διον</b> n. (Phryn. Com., pap. II -- IIIp); <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">cucumber-like etc.</b> (Hp., Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> [[like a cucumber]] (medic.), <b class="b3">-ών</b> m. [[cucumber patch]], <b class="b3">-ώνη</b> f. = <b class="b3">σίκυος ἄγριος</b>, also [[bleeding cup]] (Hdt.; like [[κροτώνη]] a. o.), <b class="b3">-ωνία</b> f. = [[κολοκύνθη]] (Hp., Plu.). Also [[Σικυών]] (<b class="b3">Σεκυ-</b>), <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. f. "cucumber city", city not far from Corinth (Il.) with <b class="b3">-ώνιος</b>, <b class="b3">-ωνικός</b>.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: With [[σίκυς]] cf. [[ῥάφυς]], [[κάχρυς]] a. other plant names; [[σικύα]] as [[οἰσύα]], [[ὀστρύα]] etc.; cf. also Heubeck Praegraeca 37. In the variation <b class="b3">σικ-</b> σικύα <b class="b3">σεκ-</b> Specht KZ 61, 277ff. wants to see (s. also Kretschmer Glotta 26, 57) two diff. products of dissimilation of orig. <b class="b3">*σύκυς</b>, what can be proven nor disproven because of the unknown origin of the word [but s. bel.] (in spite of Slav. [[tyky]]). The partial agreement with <b class="b3">κύκυον τὸν σικυόν</b>, <b class="b3">κυκύϊζα γλυκεῖα κολόκυντα</b> H., with Lat. [[cucumis]] [[cucumber]] as well as with Slav., e.g. ORuss. [[tyky]] [[pumpkin]], to which also Sem., e.g. Hebr. [[qiššu]][[ā]] [[cucumber]], has since long been observed, but a convincing etymology has not yet been found. In any case an old LW [loanword]; source unknown. Extensive lit. in W.-Hofmann s. [[cucumis]] and Vasmer s. <b class="b2">týkva</b>; further Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 652 ff. New hypothesis by Deroy Rev. int. d'onom. 12, 23f.: pregr., from [[ku]] in [[κυέω]] and strengthening <b class="b2">se-</b>, <b class="b2">si-</b> (similar with IE means Brugmann IF 39, 140 ff.). -- The variation points clearly to Pre-Greek (e.g. [[ι]]\/[[ε]], [[υ]]\/[[ου]]), Furnée 251, 354, 257, 367.

|ftr='''σικύα''': [[σίκυος]] {sikúa}<br />'''Forms''': ion. -ύη ([[σεκούα]] H.)<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘Flaschenkürbis, Lagenaria vul- garis’ (Hp., Arist., Thphr. usw.), übertr. [[Schröpfkopf]] (Hp., Kom., Pl. usw.) mit -υάζω [[schröpfen]] (Arr.), wozu -ύασις, -υασμός (sp.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied in [[σικυήλατον]] n. ‘Kürbis-(Gurken-, Melonen-)beet’ (Hp.; -ήρατον Pap.); zu [[ἐλαύνω]] (bzw. mit ρ für λ; Schwyzer 213 m. Lit.).<br />'''Derivative''': Daneben [[σίκυος]] ([[σικυός]]) m. ‘Gurke od. Melone, Cueumis (sativus)’ (Hp., Kom., Arist. usw.), auch [[σίκυς]] f. ib. (Alk., Dsk., Gal.). — Davon: Demin. [[σικύδιον]] n. (Phryn. Kom., Pap. II — III^p); -ώδης [[gurkenähnlich]] (Hp., Thphr.), -ηδόν [[wie eine Gurke]] (Mediz.), -ών m. [[Gurkenbeet]], -ώνη f. = [[σίκυος]] [[ἄγριος]], auch [[Schröpfkopf]] (Hdt.; wie [[κροτώνη]] u. a.), -ωνία f. = [[κολοκύνθη]] (Hp., Plu.). Auch [[Σικυών]] (Σεκυ-), -ῶνος m. f. "Gurkenstadt", Stadt unweit Korinth (seit Il.) mit -ώνιος, -ωνικός.<br />'''Etymology''' : Zu [[σίκυς]] vgl. [[ῥάφυς]], [[κάχρυς]] u. andere Pfl.namen; [[σικύα]] wie [[οἰσύα]], [[ὀστρύα]] usw.; vgl. noch Heubeck Praegraeca 37. In dem Wechsel σικ- ~ σεκ- will Specht KZ 61, 277ff. (s. auch Kretschmer Glotta 26, 57) zwei verschiedene Dissimilationsprodukte von urspr. *σύκυς sehen, was sich wegen des dunklen Ursprungs des Wortes (trotz slav. ''tyky'') weder beweisen noch widerlegen läßt. Die partielle Übereinstimmung mit [[κύκυον]]· τὸν σικυόν, [[κυκύϊζα]]· [[γλυκεῖα]] [[κολόκυντα]] H., mit lat. ''cucumis'' [[Gurke]] ebenso wie mit slav., z.B. aruss. ''tyky'' [[Kürbis]], wozu noch sem., z.B. hebr. ''qiššu''’''ā'' [[Gurke]], ist schon längst beobachtet worden, aber eine überzeugende Etymologie steht noch aus. Jedenfalls altes LW; Quelle unbekannt. Ausführliche Lit. bei W.-Hofmann s. ''cucumis'' und Vasmer s. ''týkva''; dazu noch Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 652 ff. Neue Hypothese von Deroy Rev. int. d’onom. 12, 23f.: vorgr., aus ''ku''in [[κυέω]] und verstärkendem ''se''-, ''si''- (ähnlich mit idg. Mitteln Brugmann IF 39, 140 ff.). Pelasgische Erklärung von Carnoy Ant. class. 24, 23.<br />'''Page''' 2,704