πῆχυς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(Aeol. πᾶχυς <span class="bibl">Alc.33</span>), ὁ, gen. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> πήχεος <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>2</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.178</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.126d, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>813a10</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ex.</span>25.9</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Plb.10.44.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>73.42</span>, πήχεως <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>606a14</span> (v.l. -εος), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>484.10</span> (iii B.C.), [[πήχως]] (condemned by Phryn.222) corrected to πήχεος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>665.1</span> (iii B. C.) : gen. pl. πήχεων <span class="title">IG</span>12.314.39, 22.1673.15, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>353.10</span> (iii B. C.); later contr. πηχῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.7.16</span> codd., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1302b37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>54.4</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>85.20</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>2</span>, Phryn.222, Moer.p.327 P.:—[[forearm]], from wrist to elbow, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>2</span>, <span class="bibl">3</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Poll.2.140</span>; opp. [[βραχίων]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75a</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.</span>12.5</span>: in Poets, generally, [[arm]], ἀμφὶ δ' ἑὸν φίλον υίὸν ἐχεύατο πήχεε λευκώ <span class="bibl">Il.5.314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.38</span>, <span class="bibl">23.240</span>; <b class="b3">λευκὸν ἀντείνασα π</b>. B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>13.4, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1466</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">λαιὸν ἔπαιρε π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>728</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> Anat., [[ulna]], <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>80</span>, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Sor.<span class="title">Fract.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">centrepiece, which joined the two horns of the bow</b>, τόν ῥ' [ὀϊστὸν] ἐπὶ πήχει ἑλὼν ἕλκεν νευρήν <span class="bibl">Od.21.419</span>; ὁ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε <span class="bibl">Il.11.375</span>, <span class="bibl">13.583</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> in plural, [[horns of the lyre]], opp. [[ζυγόν]] (the bridge), <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.192</span>; πήχεις ἐναρμόσας καὶ ζυγώσας <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>7.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> also, = [[ζυγόν]], [[crosspiece]] or [[bridge]] in which the horns were fitted, Artemo Hist.<span class="bibl">12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in the balance, [[beam]], IG22.1013.32, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span> 29. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> as a measure of length, <b class="b2">distance from the point of the elbow to that of the middle finger</b>, = 6 [[παλασταί]] = 24 [[δάκτυλοι]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.158</span>; π. μέτριος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.178</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἰδιωτικός, κοινός</b>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>16</span>; but <b class="b3">π. βασιλήϊος</b>, = <span class="bibl">27</span> [[δάκτυλοι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.178</span>, <span class="bibl">7.117</span>; ὁ Αἰγύπτιος π. τυγχάνει ἴσος ἐὼν τῷ Σαμίῳ <span class="bibl">Id.2.168</span>, cf. Luc. l. c.; for later measurements, Hero <span class="title">Deff.</span>131, <span class="title">Geom.</span>4.2,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[cubit-rule]], as we say 'foot-rule', <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>799</span>, Gal.1.47; π. ἀκαμπής <span class="title">AP</span>6.204 (Leon.); as [[epithet]] of Nemesis, <span class="title">APl.</span>4.223, 224. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> metaph. of any small amount (cf. [[πήχυιος]]), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>6.27</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πῆχυν</b> [[little]] by [[little]], Marin.<span class="title">Procl.</span>26. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[πήχεις]], [[οἱ]], the [[cubits]] (of inundation), represented in pictures as children one cubit high playing round the Nile, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">Im.</span>1.5</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[bāhú]]-, Avest. [[bāzu]]- (masc.) 'arm', ONorse [[bógr]] 'shoulder'.)</span>

|elnltext=πῆχυς -εως, ὁ, Aeol. πᾶχυς, Ion. gen. πήχεος; gen. plur. πήχεων, later πηχῶν elleboog, onderarm:; πῆχυν... βάλε χειρὸς δεξιτέρης hij trof de elleboog van zijn rechter arm Il. 21.166; τά τε περὶ τῶν βραχιόνων ὀστᾶ καὶ τὰ τῶν πήχεων de botten van de boven- en onderarmen Plat. Tim. 75a; uitbr. arm:; ἀμφὶ δὲ παιδὶ φίλῳ βάλε πήχεε hij sloeg zijn armen om zijn dierbare zoon heen Od. 17.38; anal. het middelste stuk van een boog (waaromheen de boog buigt):; ὁ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε hij spande de boog Il. 11.375; τὸν ῥ ’ ἐπὶ πήχει ἑλών nadat hij die (de pijl) op de boog gelegd had Od. 21.419; plur. armen van een lier:. ὄρυες, τῶν τὰ κέρεα τοῖσι φοίνιξι οἱ πήχεες ποιεῦνται antilopen, waarvan de hoorns gemaakt worden tot de armen van de lieren Hdt. 4.192.1. el (lengtemaat van ca. 45 cm, de afstand tussen de elleboog en het uiteinde van de middelvinger):. τοῦ ὀστέου, ἀφ ’ ὁτέου τὸν πῆχυν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μετρέουσιν het bot waarnaar de mensen de el afmeten Hp. Fract. 3; τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν μεριμνῶν δύναται προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίην αὐτοῦ πῆχυν ἕνα; wie van jullie kan door zich zorgen te maken ook maar één el aan zijn levensduur toevoegen? NT Mt. 6.27. meetlat; AP 6.204.1; overdr..; ἐξοίσουσι καὶ πήχεις ἐπῶν ze zullen ook ‘woordenmeters’ tevoorschijn halen Aristoph. Ran. 799; plur. meetpunt (voor het stijgen van de Nijl). Luc. 41.6.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[forearm]], [[arm]] (cf. [[βραχίων]]), also as measure = [[cubit]] and metaph. in diff. meanings (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. [[πᾶχυς]], <b class="b3">-εος</b>, <b class="b3">-εως</b>.<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">δί-πηχυς</b> [[two cubits long]] (IA.).<br />Derivatives: 1. dimin. [[πηχίσκος]] m. (Anon. ap. Suid.); 2. adj. <b class="b3">πηχυ-αῖος</b> (IA., <b class="b3">παχυ-</b> Epich.), <b class="b3">-ιος</b> (Mimn., A. R.) [[cubits long]]; 3. verbs: [[πηχίζω]] [[to measure by the cubit]] (LXX) with <b class="b3">πηχ-ισμός</b> m. [[measuring by the cubit]] (LXX, pap.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> n. [[cubit-measure]] (Sm.); [[πηχύνω]] (<b class="b3">περι-</b>πῆχυς) [[to embrace]] (hell. a. late epic).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [108] <b class="b2">*bʰeh₂gʰu-</b> [[lower arm]], [[elbow]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited name of a member, in several languages retained: Skt. <b class="b2">bāhú-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">bāzu-</b> m. <b class="b2">lower arm, arm, foreleg of an animal</b>, Germ., e.g. OWNo. [[bōgr]], OHG [[buog]] m. <b class="b2">the upper part of the foreleg, Bug</b>; IE <b class="b2">*bhāǵhu-</b>; here, with unclear transformation of the stem, Toch. A [[poke]], B obl. [[pokai]] [[arm]] (on the phonetics v. Windekens Orbis 11, 191 f. a. 12, 190). Also on Italic bottom the word was once alive, if with Pisani KZ 71, 44 Lat. [[trifāx]], <b class="b2">-ācis</b> [[a three ell long weapon]] as Oscan LW [loanword] belongs here. -- A basic verb, IE <b class="b2">*bhaǵh-</b>, Benveniste BSL 52, 60 ff. wants to see on Iran. soil in Oss. <b class="b2">i-væz-</b> [[stretch out]] (Iran. <b class="b2">*baz-</b>); not very credible, cf. Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">bāhúḥ</b> w. lit. (the short vowel makes a problem.