ὀδύνη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[pain of body]], ὀδύνῃσι κακῇσι τειρόμενος <span class="bibl">Od.9.440</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">415</span>, <span class="bibl">17.567</span>; ἀλεγεινή <span class="bibl">Il.11.398</span>; <b class="b3">ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος Ἀτρείδαο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">268</span>; ὀδύνῃσι πεπαρμένος <span class="bibl">5.399</span>; ἀντίτομα στερεᾶν ὀδυνᾶν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.221</span>; cf. ἕρμα <span class="bibl">1.4</span>; στρόφος μ' ἔχει τὴν γαστέρ' . . κὠδύνη <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>484</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>1131</span> : also in Prose, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.58</span>(pl.), <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.11.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[pain of mind]], [[grief]], [[distress]], once in Il., <b class="b3">ὀ. Ἡρακλῆος</b> [[grief for]] him, <span class="bibl">15.25</span> : more freq. in Od., always in plural, ὀδύνας τε γόους τε κάλλιπεν <span class="bibl">1.242</span>; ὀδύνας ἐμβάλλετε θυμῷ <span class="bibl">2.79</span>,al. : after Hom. the pl. was most common in both senses, <b class="b3">ὀ. δυσαπάλλακτοι, ἄλληκτοι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>959</span>, <span class="bibl">986</span>(both lyr.); ὀδύναις πεφυσιγγωμένοι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>526</span>; opp. [[φιλότητες]], <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.49</span>; σφαδᾳσμῶν τε καὶ ὀδυνῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>579e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">574a</span>, al.: but the sg.also occurs, ἐξ ὀλίγης ὀ. μέγα γίνεται ἄλγος <span class="bibl">Sol.12.59</span>; <b class="b3">γλώσσας ὀ</b>. [[pain caused by]] the tongue, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1142</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">827</span> (both lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>975</span> (anap.); ὀ. σε εἴληφε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1.15</span>; ὀ. μ' ἔχει <span class="title">Lyr.Alex.Adesp.</span>1.3; μετ' ὀδύνης <span class="bibl">Men.706</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖς νενικημένοις ὀδύνη</b>,=Lat. <b class="b2">vae victis!</b> <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cam.</span>28</span>. (Perh. from <b class="b3">ἐδ- ὀδ-</b> 'eat', cf. θυμὸν ἔδων <span class="bibl">Od.10.379</span> : the Aeolians called <b class="b3">τὰς ὀδύνας ἐδύνας</b> acc. to Greg.Cor.<span class="bibl">p.597</span> S.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[pain]], [[torment]], [[harm]], [[sorrow]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: mostly pl. <b class="b3">-αι</b>.<br />Compounds: As 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">περι-ώδυνος</b> [[very sore]], [[painful]] (Hp., Att.; <b class="b3">-ω-</b> comp. lengthening with <b class="b3">περιωδυν-ία</b> f. (Hp., Pl.), <b class="b3">-έω</b>, also (after [[ὀδυνάω]]) <b class="b3">-άω</b> (medic.); rarely as 1. member as in <b class="b3">ὀδυνή-φατος</b> (<b class="b3">ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα Ε</b> 401 = 900, also <b class="b3">ὀ-ον ῥίζαν Λ</b> 847; after this Orph. L. 345, 753) <b class="b2">pain-killing, -stilling</b>, poet. incidental formation after <b class="b3">ἀρηΐ-φατος</b> a.o., but with remarkable active meaning (cf. Chantraine Sprache 1,145; after Risch $ 73 a prop. a consonantstem).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ὀδυν-ηρός</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-ᾶρός</b> [[dolorous]], [[sorrowful]] (Pi., Att.), <b class="b3">-ωδῶς</b> adv. [[sorrowfully]] (Gal.), <b class="b3">-αίτερος</b> [[more painful]] (Hp.) as from <b class="b3">*ὀδυναῖος</b> after [[σχολαίτερος]] (: [[[σχολαῖος]] :][[σχολή]]) a.o. (Schwyzer 534); [[ὀδυνάω]], <b class="b3">-άομαι</b>, rarely with <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b2">to hurt, to grieve; to be hurt, to suffer pain</b> (IA.) with [[ὀδυνήματα]] pl. [[pains]] (Hp.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [289; to be corrected] <b class="b2">*h₃dwon-</b> [[pain]]<br />Etymology: Beside IA. [[ὀδύνη]] (orig. pl. tant. ?; Witte Glotta 2, 18f.) stands Aeol. (Greg. Cor. 597) [[ἐδύνας]] (acc. pl.); the vowel change can go back on old ablaut or on vowel-assimilation ([[ε]] > [[ο]] before [[υ]]; cf. Schwyzer 255). Both forms are <b class="b3">α-</b>enlargements of a verbal noun in <b class="b2">-u̯en-</b> : <b class="b2">-un-</b> from <b class="b3">ἐδ-</b> [[eat]] ([[curae edaces]] Hor., Lith. <b class="b2">ėdžiótis</b> [[trouble oneself]] beside <b class="b2">ēdžióti</b> [[devour]], [[bite]], to <b class="b2">ė́sti</b> [[eat]]; on it Fraenkel Wb. s. v.), to which the ablauting <b class="b2">-u̯er-</b> : <b class="b2">-u̯r̥-</b>: <b class="b2">-ur-</b> in [[εἶδαρ]] > <b class="b3">*ἔδ-Ϝαρ</b> [[eating]], [[food]] (s. on [[ἔδω]], with Skt. cognates) and [[ὀδύρομαι]] (s. v.). A further representative of this noun is Arm. [[erkn]], gen. [[erkan]] [[birth-pain]], [[heavy pain]] from <b class="b2">*ed-u̯ōn</b> or <b class="b2">*ed-u̯ēn</b>, s. Frisk Etyma Armen. 11 ff. w. details. -- Not wit L. Meyer 1, 523 f. and Prellwitz to [[δύη]]. However the initial was <b class="b2">h₃-</b>, as in [[ὀδών]] (s.v.); cf. Beekes in Kortlandt, Armeniaca Cf. [[ὠδίς]].