θνῄσκω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(with ι <span class="title">IG</span>2.2477.7, 10,2494, Ἀρχ.Ἐφ.1910.73; <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> θνείσκ- <span class="title">IG</span> 2.4040b; [ἀποθν]ήισκειν Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>1p.18</span> (iii B.C.), but θνήσκω Did. ap. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>452.29</span>, freq. in codd.), Aeol. [[θναίσκω]] Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.79</span>, Dor. θνᾴσκω <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>6754.22</span> (iii B.C.): fut. θᾰνοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Simon.85.9</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 462</span>, etc.; Ep. inf. -έεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.4.12</span>; later θνήξομαι <span class="title">AP</span>9.354 (Leon.), <span class="bibl">Polyaen.5.2.22</span> codd.: aor. 2 [[ἔθᾰνον]], Ep. θάνον <span class="bibl">Od.11.412</span>, al.; inf. Ep. and Ion. [[θανέειν]], as always in Hom., exc. <span class="bibl">Il.7.52</span>, θανέμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.72</span>: pf. τέθνηκα <span class="bibl">Il.18.12</span>, etc.; subj. τεθνήκω <span class="bibl">Th.8.74</span>: plpf. ἐτεθνήκειν <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.19.48</span>; 3pl. -ήκεσαν <span class="bibl">And.1.52</span>: short forms of pf., 3dual τέθνᾰτον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.1.19</span>, 1pl. τέθνᾰμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>493a</span>, 3pl. τεθνᾶσι <span class="bibl">Il.22.52</span>, etc.; 3pl. plpf. ἐτέθνᾰσαν <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.70</span>, <span class="bibl">And.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.4.16</span>; imper. τέθνᾰθι <span class="bibl">Il.22.365</span>, τεθνάτω <span class="bibl">15.496</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.10, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>933e</span>, etc.; opt. τεθναίην <span class="bibl">Il.18.98</span>, etc.; inf. [[τεθνάναι]] [ᾰ] <span class="bibl">Semon. 3</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1012</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.68</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.92</span>, etc., [[τεθνᾶναι]] dub.l. in <span class="bibl">Mimn.2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>539</span>; Ep. [[τεθνάμεναι]], -άμεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.24.225</span>, <span class="bibl">15.497</span>, etc.; Aeol. τεθνάκην Sapph.2.15; part. τεθνεώς <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.120</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 476</span>, etc., fem. τεθνεῶσα <span class="bibl">Lys.31.22</span>, <span class="bibl">D.40.27</span> (τεθνηκυῖα <span class="bibl">Hippon.29</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Or.</span>109</span>), neut. τεθνεός <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.112</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>32</span> (τεθνηκός <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 71d</span>, pl. τεθνεῶτα <span class="bibl">72c</span>); gen. [[τεθνεῶτος]], etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.68</span>, etc. (once in Hom., dat. τεθνεῶτι <span class="bibl">Od.19.331</span>); poet. [[τεθνεότος]] Archel. ap. <span class="bibl">Antig. <span class="title">Mir.</span>89</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.7.65</span>; Dor. τεθνᾰότα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.74</span>; Ep. [[τεθνηώς]] (v.l. [[τεθνειώς]]) <span class="bibl">Il.17.161</span>, -ηυῖα <span class="bibl">Od.4.734</span>, (κατα-) <span class="bibl">11.141</span>; gen. τεθνηῶτος <span class="bibl">Il.9.633</span>, etc.; also τεθνηότος <span class="bibl">17.435</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.23</span>, al. [[τεθνεῶτι]] is trisyll. <span class="bibl">Od.19.331</span>, τεθνεώτων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>272</span> (hex.): disyll. forms are written in later Gr., nom. τεθνώς <span class="title">BCH</span>18.438 (Argilus); gen. sg. τεθνῶτος <span class="title">SIG</span>799.13 (Cyzicus, i A.D.); dat. sg. τεθνῶτι ''Papers of the Amer. School'' 3.334 (Pisid.); fem. [[τεθνώσῃ]] (and gen. pl. [[τεθνήτων]]) <span class="title">Ath.Mitt.</span> 50.134 (Macedonia); acc. pl. fem. τεθνώσας <span class="bibl">Babr.45.9</span>]: from [[τέθνηκα]] arose fut. τεθνήξω <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>325</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1279</span> (censured as archaic by <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sol.</span>7</span>), later τεθνήξομαι <span class="bibl">Diogenian.Epicur.1.28</span>, <span class="bibl">3.52</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Pisc.</span> 10</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>2.46</span>; part. τεθνηξόμενος <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Ep.</span>438.7</span>.—The simple Verb is regularly used in early Prose in pf. and plpf.; for pres., fut., and aor. the compd. [[ἀποθνῄσκω]] is substituted: [[θνῄσκει]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Mul.</span>1.9</span>, σάρκες θνῄσκουσι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>69</span>, ἔθνῃσκον <span class="bibl">Th.2.47</span>, al., [[θνῃσκόντων]] ib.<span class="bibl">53</span>, θνῄσκοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>72d</span>, θνῄσκομεν <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.20U.</span>: aor. part. [[θανών]], subj. [[θάνῃ]], <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).593.2,20,23 (Iulis, v B.C.), <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span> 1927.166 (Cyrene), Phld.<span class="title">Herc.</span>1649.4: aor. inf. [[θανεῖν]] ib.1418.13:—in pres. and impf., [[die]], as well of natural as of [[violent]] [[death]]; in aor. and pf., to [[be dead]] (cf. [[τί τοὺς θανὅντας οὐκ ἐᾷς τεθνηκέναι]]; <span class="bibl">Eup.12.3</span> D.; τέθνηκ' ἔγωγε πρὶν θανεῖν κακῶν ὕπο <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>431</span>), [[θανεῖν]] καὶ [[πότμος|πότμον]] [[ἐπισπεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Il.7.52</span>, etc.; [[ζωὸς ἠὲ θανών]] = [[alive]] or [[dead]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.553</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.350</span>; ἦ ἤδη τέθνηκε <span class="bibl">4.834</span>; ὡς ἄμεινον εἴη [[τεθνάναι]] μᾶλλον ἢ ζώειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.46</span>; τεθνάναι [[κρεῖττον]] ἤ… <span class="bibl">D.9.65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.25</span>; ἄξιος τεθνάναι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1012</span>, etc.; [[τεθνάτω]] = [[let]] him [[be put to death]], IG12.10.29; [[ἄτιμος τεθ]]. Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.9.44</span>: freq. in part., νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος <span class="bibl">Il.18.173</span>; [[νεκρὸν… τεθνηῶτα]] a [[dead]] corpse, <span class="bibl">Od.12.10</span>; [[οἱ τεθνηκότες]], [[οἱ θανόντες]] = [[the dead]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>278</span>, Eup. l.c., etc.; οὔτε τεθνεῶτα οὔτε ζῶντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.14</span>; οἴχεται [[θανών]] (v. [[οἴχομαι]]); θανὼν [[φροῦδος]] (v. [[φροῦδος]]); θανόντι [[συνθανεῖν]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>798</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>953</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1007</span>(lyr.); [[ὁ θανών]], opp. [[ὁ κτανών]], <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>336</span>: pres. with pf. sense, θνῄσκουσι [[γάρ]], for [[τεθνήκασι]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span> 118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>695</span> (lyr.),<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>1041</span> (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> used like a pass. Verb, [[χερσὶν ὑπ' Αἴαντος θανέειν]] [[to fall]] by his hand, <span class="bibl">Il.15.289</span>; θ. ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>329c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>625a16</span>; ἔκ τινος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.72</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1454</span>; πρός τινος ib.<span class="bibl">292</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>773</span>; θεοῖς τέθνηκε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>970</span>: freq. c. dat. instrumenti, θ. [[χερί]], [[δορί]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1388</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>959</span>(lyr.); φαρμάκοισι E. <span class="title">Fk.</span>464; also ἐν βρόχῳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>558</span>; [[τεθνάναι τῷ δέει]], [[τεθνάναι τῷ φόβῳ]], c. acc., to [[be in mortal fear of]], <span class="bibl">D.4.45</span>, <span class="bibl">19.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>7.9.4</span>; [[προοίμιον]] σκοτεινὸν καὶ τεθνηκὸς δειλίᾳ <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.34</span>; θ. ἐπί τινι = to [[die]] [[leaving]] one as [[heir]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>7.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> metaph., of things, [[perish]], θνᾴσκει σιγαθὲν καλὸν ἔργον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>121</span>; ἐσλῶν ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει… δαμασθέν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>2.19</span>; λόγοι θνῄσκοντες [[μάτην]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>846</span>; θ. [[πίστις]] <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>611</span>; τὸ [[τρύβλιον]] τέθνηκέ μοι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>986</span> (lyr.): in Prose, τέθνηκε τὸ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας [[μισεῖν]] <span class="bibl">D.19.289</span>; τεθνηκός τι φθέγξασθαι <span class="bibl">D.C.40.54</span>; τεθνηκὸς [[ὁρᾶν]] <span class="bibl">Callistr.<span class="title">Stat.</span>14</span>; τὸ τεθνηκὸς ὁ [[λίθος]] ὑπεδύετο ib.<span class="bibl">2</span>.</span>