φθάνω: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=[φθανω [[always]] in [[attic]]; φθᾱνω [[twice]] in Il.]<br />to [[come]] or do [[first]] or [[before]] others:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> c. acc. pers. to be [[beforehand]] with, [[overtake]], [[outstrip]], [[anticipate]], Il., Hdt., [[attic]]; so, ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα Hdt.:—Pass. to be overtaken, Anth.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> absol. to [[come]] [[first]], Eur., etc.; τοῦ φθάσαντος [[ἁρπαγή]] the [[prey]] of the [[first]] [[comer]], Aesch.:—with Preps. to [[come]] or [[arrive]] [[first]], ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον Thuc., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> the [[action]] in [[which]] one outstrips [[another]] is expressed by the [[part]]. agreeing with the [[subject]], [Ἄτη] φθάνει βλάπτουσα is [[beforehand]] in doing [[mischief]], Il.; φθῆ μιν [[Τηλέμαχος]] βαλών [[Telemachus]] was [[beforehand]] with him in [[striking]], Od.:—in translation, the [[part]]. often becomes the [[chief]] Verb and φθάνειν is rendered by an adv., quicker, [[sooner]], [[first]], [[before]], [[beforehand]], ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived [[first]], Hdt.; so with [[part]]. [[pass]]. [[εἴ κε]] φθήηι τυπείς should he be wounded [[first]], Il.; [[φθάνω]] εὐεργετῶν I am the [[first]] to [[show]] a [[kindness]], Xen.:— these clauses, [[being]] [[compar]]. in [[sense]], are [[sometimes]] foll. by a gen., φθὰν ἱππήων κοσμηθέντες they were marshalled [[before]] the horsemen, Il.; or by πρὶν . . , πρὶν ἢ . . , ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι Il.; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ . . Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[part]]. [[φθάς]] or φθάσας, epic [[φθάμενος]], used like an adv., ὅς μ' ἔβαλε [[φθάμενος]], for ὅς μ' ἔφθη βαλών, Il.; οὐκ [[ἄλλος]] φθὰς [[ἐμεῦ]] [[κατήγορος]] [[ἔσται]] no [[other]] shall be an [[accuser]] [[before]] me, Hdt.; ἀνέωιξάς με φθάσας you opened the [[door]] [[before]] me, Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[rarely]] with the inf., like Lat. occuro, [[μόλις]] φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ [[χαμαὶ]] [[πεσεῖν]] [[hardly]] escapes falling on the [[ground]] by falling [[first]] on the [[seat]], Eur.; φθάνει [[ἐλθεῖν]] he is [[first]] to [[come]], Ar.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> [[φθάνω]] with οὐ and [[part]]., followed by καί, like Lat. [[simul]] ac, denotes two actions [[following]] [[close]] on [[each]] [[other]], οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ συσκιάζοντας γένυν, καὶ ὁρμᾶν you must no [[sooner]] get [[your]] [[beard]], [[than]] you [[march]], Ar.; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ [[ἀτυχία]] καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν no [[sooner]] had [[misfortune]] befallen me, [[when]] they attempted, Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with [[part]]. pres., [[denote]] [[impatience]], οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not be too [[quick]] in departing, i. e. make [[haste]] and be off, Hdt.; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε [[τοῦτο]] πράττοντε Ar.; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων Plat.:—so, the [[part]]. φθάσας is used with imperat., λέγε φθάσας [[speak]] [[quickly]], τρέχε φθάσας, etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in answers, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι I could not be too [[quick]], i. e. I [[will]] [[begin]] [[directly]], Plat.