ἰσχύς: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=-ύος<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[power]], [[strength]], [[might]] (seit Hes.).<br />Compounds: Comp. <b class="b3">ἄν-ισχυς</b> [[powerless]] (LXX). - as 1. member e. g. <b class="b3">ἰσχυρο-ποιέω</b> [[strengthen]], [[fortify]] (Plb.), as 2. member (for uneasy <b class="b3">-ισχυς</b>, Frisk Adj. priv. 18) in <b class="b3">ἀν-ίσχυρος</b> [[not strong]], [[without power]] (Hp., Str.), <b class="b3">ὑπερ-ίσχυρος</b> [[extremely strong]] (X., Arist.).<br />Derivatives: Denomin. verb [[ἰσχύω]], aor. [[ἰσχῦσαι]], also with prefix, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b> etc., [[have power]], [[strength]], [[might]] (Pi., Hp., att.) with [[ἴσχυσις]] (LXX). - Adj. [[ἰσχυρός]] [[powerful]], [[strong]], [[mighty]], [[vehement]] (IA) - From there [[ἰσχυρικός]] [[strong]] (Pl. Tht. 169b; expressive enlargement?; diff. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 147) and the denominatives 1. [[ἰσχυρίζομαι]], also with prefix as <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντ-</b>, <b class="b2">prove strong, exert oneself, proclaim emphatically etc.</b> (Heraclit., Att.) with the desiderative <b class="b3">ἰσχυρι-είω</b> [[venture to affirm]] (Hp.); 2. <b class="b3">κατ-ισχυρεύομαι</b> [[be vehement]] (Aq.); [[Ίσχύλος]] PN (inscr.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: From H. (and Hdn. Gr. 1, 509) [[βίσχυν]] (Lac.), <b class="b3">γισχύν ἰσχύν</b> would lead to PGr. <b class="b3">*Ϝισχύς</b> (which Brugmann IF 16, 493f., Grundr.2 2 : 1, 209 connected with Skt. <b class="b2">vi-ṣah-</b> [[have in ones power]]; so to <b class="b3">σχ-εῖν</b>, [[ἔχειν]] (s. v.) with the prefix <b class="b2">*u̯i-</b> [[from one another]], also augment.; cf. on [[ἴδιος]]). But Myc. [[isukuwo-doto]] shows no digamma. The connection with [[ἔχειν]] seems rather improbable. On the <b class="b2">ū-</b>stem (like [[πληθύς]], [[νηδύς]] etc.) s. Schwyzer 463f.; further Meid IF 63, 1 1, who assumes an abstract formation from an adj. <b class="b3">*Ϝι-σχ-ύς</b> [[resisting]] (<b class="b3">-υ-</b> as in <b class="b3">ἐχυ-ρός</b>), which is also not convincing - Diff. Meillet BSL 27, 129ff.: prothetic <b class="b3">ἰ-</b> , adaptation to [[Ϝίς]] sec. - Chantraine Emerita 19, 134ff. considers connection with [[ἰξύς]], [[ἰσχίον]]; there also on meaning and use ([[ἰσχύς]] as popular avoided by Hom. ?). Pre-Greek origin seems quite probable.