ξίφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῐ], Aeol. σκίφος ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), εος, τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[sword]], <b class="b3">ξ. μέγα, ὀξύ</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.194</span>, <span class="bibl">4.530</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>863</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.64</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.9</span>, etc.; ξ. ἄμφηκες <span class="bibl">Il.21.118</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.80</span>; ξ. ἀργυρόηλον χάλκεον <span class="bibl">Il.19.372</span>; ξ. σὺν κολεῷ… καὶ ἐϋτμήτῳ τελαμῶνι <span class="bibl">7.303</span> : used by Hom. as equivalent of [[ἄορ]] and [[φάσγανον]], <span class="bibl">Od.11.48</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">24</span>, <span class="bibl">82</span>), <span class="bibl">10.294</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">321</span>); cf. [[μάχαιρα]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[power of life and death]], Lat. [[jus gladii]], <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>4.42</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[sword-shaped bone]] in the cuttle-fish (τευθίς), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>524b24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span> 654a21</span>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>3.558</span>; also in the [[ξιφίας]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>325</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = [[ξιφίον]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>7.13.1</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">sword with straight double-edged balde</b> (Il.; see Trümpy Fachausdrücke 60ff.); metaph. of the <b class="b3">ξίφος-</b> like bone of the cuttle-fish (Arist.), as plantname = [[ξιφίον]] (Thphr.); also [[σκίφος]] (sch., EM, H.); on the anlaut Schwyzer 266, Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 201. Myk. <b class="b2">qi-si-pe-e</b> (du., Heubeck Minos 6, 55f.)?<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[qisipee]] /[[kʷisiphee]]/ du.<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">ξιφη-φόρος</b> [[sword-bearing]] (A., E.) with analog. <b class="b3">-η-</b> (Schwyzer 440); on <b class="b3">σκιφα-τόμος</b> s. below. As 2. member in <b class="b3">ἄ-ξιφος</b> [[swordess]] (Lyc., A. D.), adv. <b class="b3">ἀξιφ-εί</b> (Hdn.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[ξιφίδιον]] dimin. (Ar., Th.), also plantname = [[σπαργάνιον]], [[swodgrass]] (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.n. 44); 2. [[ξιφύδριον]] (<b class="b3">σκιφ-</b> Epich.) name of a shell-animal (medic., H.). 3. [[ξιφίας]] (<b class="b3">σκιφ-</b> Epich.) m. [[swordfish]] (Arist.), also name of a comet (Plin.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107 ff.); 4. [[ξιφίον]] n. kind of swordlily, [[Gladiolus segetum]] (Thphr., Dsc.); 5. <b class="b3">ξιφή-ρης</b> [[heavily armed]] (E., late prose). 6. <b class="b3">ξιφήν ὁ φέρων ξίφος</b> Suid. 7. <b class="b3">ξιφίνδα παίζειν</b> = [[ξιφίζειν]] (Theognost.). 8. [[ξιφίζω]] dance a swoddance' (Cratin.), <b class="b3">ἀποξιφίζειν ὀρχεῖσθαι ποιὰν ὄρχησιν</b>, <b class="b3">σκιφίζει ξιφίζει</b>. <b class="b3">ἔστι δε σχῆμα μαχαιρικῆς ὀρχήσεως</b> H. From there <b class="b3">ξιφ-ισμός</b> (Ath., D. C.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> (Choerob., H.) [[sworddance]], <b class="b3">ξιφιστύς μαχαιρομαχία</b>, <b class="b3">μάχη ἐκ χειρῶν</b> H. (Benveniste Noms d'agent 74); but [[ξιφιστήρ]] m. (pap., Plu.). <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> H. [[swordbelt]] because of the meaning rather directly from [[ξίφος]]; cf. on [[κορυφιστήρ]] s. [[κορυφή]]. With prefix <b class="b3">δια-ξιφίζομαι</b> [[fight with the sword]] (Ar.), <b class="b3">διαξιφισ-μός</b> m. [[swordbattle]] (Plu.). -- Two further H.glosses: <b class="b3">ξίφαι τὰ ἐν ταῖς ῥυκάναις δρέπανα η σιδήρια</b> and (wit metathesis) <b class="b3">σκιφίνιον πλέγμα ἐκ φοίνικος</b> (after [[κοφίνιον]] a. o.); here also <b class="b3">σκιφα-τόμος</b> profession (Sparta Ia) ?; cf. on [[κίφος]].<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Etymology unknown; like so many weaponnnames prob. LW [loanword]. For oriental origin (Aram. [[sajǝfā]], ārab. [[saifun]], Egypt.. [[sēfet]] [[sword]]) a.o. Lewy Fremdw. 176 f., Spiegelberg KZ 41, 127ff., Huber Comm. Aenip. 9, 34, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 362 f. Wrong IE etymologies in Bq (rejected). New hypothesis by Čop KZ 74, 231 f.: to Osset. [[äxsirf]] [[sickle]], which can go back on IE <b class="b2">*ksibhró-</b>. Myc. [[qisipee]] points to a labio-velar (possible also for [[äxsirf]] ), which could have been lost through dissimilation with the following [[φ]]; s. Heubeck Minos 6, 55 ff. with further details and lit. On the treatment of the labio-velar cf. also Schwyzer 299. The Myc. form clearly points to Pre-Greek origin; perhaps the forms with <b class="b3">σκιφ-</b> also point in this direction. It is well known that Pre-Greek had labio-velars (Beekes, Pre-Greek).

|ftr='''ξίφος''': {ksíphos}<br />'''Forms''': Myk. ''qi''-''si''-''pe''-''e'' (du., Heubeck Minos 6, 55f.)?<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Schlachtschwert mit gerader zweischneidiger Klinge]], [[Degen]] (seit Il.; Näheres bei Trümpy Fachausdrücke 60ff.); übertr. von dem [[ξίφος]]-ähnlichen Knorpel des Tintenfisches (Arist. u.a.), als Pflanzenname = [[ξιφίον]] (Thphr.); auch [[σκίφος]] (Sch., ''EM'', H.); zum Anlaut Schwyzer 266, Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 201 m. Lit.<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied u.a. in [[ξιφηφόρος]] ‘schwert- tragend’ (A., E. u.a.) mit analog. -η- (Schwyzer 440); zu [[σκιφατόμος]] s. unten. Als Hinterglied in [[ἄξιφος]] [[schwertlos]] (Lyk., A. D.), Adv. ἀξιφεί (Hdn.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. [[ξιφίδιον]] Demin. (Ar., Th. u.a.), auch Pflanzenname = [[σπαργάνιον]], [[Riedgras]] (Ps.-Dsk.; Strömberg Pfl.n. 44); 2. [[ξιφύδριον]] (σκιφ- Epich.) N. eines Muscheltieres (Mediz., H.). 3. [[ξιφίας]] (σκιφ- Epich.) m. [[Schwertfisch]] (Arist. u.a.), auch N. eines Kometen (Plin.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107 ff.); 4. [[ξιφίον]] n. Art Schwertlilie, [[Gladiolus segetum]] (Thphr., Dsk.); 5. [[ξιφήρης]] [[schwerbewaffnet]] (E., sp. Prosa). 6. [[ξιφήν]]· ὁ φέρων [[ξίφος]] Suid. 7. [[ξιφίνδα]] παίζειν = ξιφίζειν (Theognost.). 8. [[ξιφίζω]] einen Schwerttanz tanzen’ (Kratin.), ἀποξιφίζειν· ὀρχεῖσθαι ποιὰν ὄρχησιν, σκιφίζει· ξιφίζει. ἔστι δὲ [[σχῆμα]] μαχαιρικῆς ὀρχήσεως H. Davon [[ξιφισμός]] (Ath., D. C.), -ισμα (Choerob., H.) [[Schwerttanz]], [[ξιφιστύς]]· μαχαιρομαχία, [[μάχη]] ἐκ [[χειρῶν]] H. (Benveniste Noms d’agent 74); aber [[ξιφιστήρ]] m. (Pap., Plu. u.a.). -ιστής H. [[Schwertgürtel]] wegen der Bed. eher direkt von ξίφoς; vgl. zu [[κορυφιστήρ]] s. [[κορυφή]]. Mit Präfix διαξιφίζoμαι [[mit dem Schwerte kämpfen]] (Ar.), [[διαξιφισμός]] m. [[Schwertkampf]] (Plu.). — Dazu noch zwei H.glossen: [[ξίφαι]]· τὰ ἐν ταῖς ῥυκάναις δρέπανα ἢ σιδήρια und (mit Metathese) [[σκιφίνιον]]· [[πλέγμα]] ἐκ φοίνικος (nach [[κοφίνιον]] u. a.); hierher ebenfalls [[σκιφατόμος]] Berufsbez. (Sparta I^a) ?; vgl. zu [[κίφος]].<br />'''Etymology''' : Etymologie unbekannt; wie so viele Waffennamen wahrscheinlich LW. Für orientalische Herkunft (aram. ''saj''^e''fā'', arab. ''saifun'', äg. ''sēfet'' [[Schwert]]) u.a. Lewy Fremdw. 176 f. (m. ält. Lit.), Spiegelberg KZ 41, 127ff., Huber Comm. Aenip. 9, 34, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 362 f. Verfehlte idg. Etymologien bei Bq (abgelehnt). Neue Hypothese von Čop KZ 74, 231 f.: zu osset. ''äxsirf'' [[Sichel]], das auf idg. *''qsibhró''- zurückgehen kann. Wenn man sich auf myk. ''qi''-''si''-''pe''-''e'' verlassen darf, muß [[ξίφος]] einen Labiovelar enthalten (auch für ''äxsirf'' möglich), der durch Dissimilation mit dem folg. φ verlorengegangen wäre; s. Heubeck Minos 6, 55 ff. mit weiteren Einzelheiten und Lit. Zur Behandlung des Labiovelars vgl. auch Schwyzer 299.<br />'''Page''' 2,336-337