ῥάχις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ιος, Att. εως, ἡ (but ὁ <span class="title">IG</span>42 (v. infr.)), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">the lower part of the back, the chine</b>, <b class="b3">συὸς ῥ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.9.208</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[spine]] or [[backbone]], σύγκειται ἡ ῥ. ἐκ σφονδύλων, τείνει δ' ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς μέχρι πρὸς τὰ ἰσχία <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>516a11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>654b12</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες</b> impaled, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Eu.</span>190</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>643</span>; <b class="b3">μυελὸς κοίλης ῥάχεως</b> Archel. ap. <span class="bibl">Antig.<span class="title">Mir.</span>89</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>77d</span>, <span class="bibl">91a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[anything ridged like the backbone]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[ridge]] of a hill or mountain, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.54</span>, <span class="bibl">7.216</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).71.14 (Epid., iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.3.101.2</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.5.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.3.2.3</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">ἂν ῥάχιν</b> along the [[ridge]], <span class="title">GDI</span>5075.69 (Crete, i B.C.); so <span class="bibl">Archil.21</span> like ned Thasos to an <b class="b3">ὄνου ῥάχις</b>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ῥ. ῥινός</b> [[bridge]] of the nose, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.79</span>, <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>35</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ῥ. φύλλου</b> [[mid-rib]] of a leaf, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.7.5</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">the sharp projection on the middle of the shoulder-blade</b>, <span class="bibl">Gal. <span class="title">UP</span>13.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>71</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[outer edge]] of the arm of the polypus, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>524a7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[trunk]], of Dagon, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>5.4</span>.</span>

|etymtx=-ιος<br />Grammatical information: f. (m.)<br />Meaning: [[spine]], [[back]], often metaph. <b class="b2">ridge etc.</b> (I 208).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">-εως</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίτης</b> m. [[belonging to the spine]] (Arist., medic.), <b class="b3">ἐπιρραχ-ίτιδες ἀρτηρίαι</b> (Hippiatr.; Redard 101 f.); 2. <b class="b3">ῥαχι-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.); 3. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to crack, to chop up (the spine)</b> (trag.), also [[to show off]], [[to boast]] (Din., H.) with <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m. [[splitter]] (pap.), [[show off]], [[boaster]] (Theopomp. Com.), <b class="b3">-ιστήρ ψεύστης</b>, [[ἀλαζών]] H. With transformation of the stem: 4. <b class="b3">ῥάχ-ετρον</b> = [[ῥάχις]] H., also des. of a certain part of it (Poll., Phot.; after [[ἄγκιστρον]], [[δέρτρον]], [[ἦτρον]]?; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 4, 43, Schwyzer 532), with <b class="b3">-ετρίζω</b> = [[ῥαχίζω]] (Poll.); beside it <b class="b3">ῥάκ-ετρον</b> etc. (s. [[ῥάκος]]?). 5. <b class="b3">ῥαχάς χωρίον σύνδενδρον καὶ μετέωρον</b> H., Phot. (after [[δειράς]], [[σπιλάς]] a.o.) with <b class="b3">ῥαχάδην ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως</b> H. 6. Gen. sg. <b class="b3">τοῦ ῥαχα</b> from [[ῥαχας]] <b class="b2">id.?</b> (Halaesa; Rom. times). -- Beside it [[ῥαχός]] ([[ῥᾶχος]]; codd. also [[ῥάχος]], prob. after [[ῥάχις]]), Ion. [[ῥηχός]] f. <b class="b2">briar, thorn hedge, (thorny) sprig</b> (Hdt., S., X., Thphr.), <b class="b3">ἐΰ-ρρηχος</b>, [[ῥηχώδης]] [[thorny]] (Nic.); denom. [[ῥαχῶσαι]] [[to cover with sprigs]] (Att., 307-6a). On the meaning [[briar]], [[spine]], [[back]] cf. e.g. [[ἄκανθα]], Lat. [[spina]] a.o. -- Unclear [[ῥάχνος]] n. (pap. IV-VIp), approx. [[cloak]]?<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: With [[ῥάχις]] can be compared directly Lith. [[ražis]] [[stubble]] (beside which more usual <b class="b2">rãžas</b> <b class="b2">stubble, (fork)tooth, barren twig</b>), IE <b class="b2">*u̯raǵh-i-</b>; anl. <b class="b2">u̯-</b> is confirmed by [[ὀρήχου]] (<b class="b3">ὀ-</b> = <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>) <b class="b3">τῆς αἱμασιᾶς</b> H. Beside it full-(lengthened)grade <b class="b2">*u̯rāǵh-</b> in [[ῥαχός]], [[ῥηχός]]. Further analysis uncertain: it can be both verbal and nominal derivations, also enlargements of a root noun etc. Further connection with [[ῥαχία]], [[ῥάσσω]] cannot be shown (rejected by Solmsen Wortforsch. 163n.1); orig. meaning [[stitch]], [[bump]]?? -- WP. 1, 318 (after Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 15), Pok. 1180. -- <b class="b3">Ϝραχ-</b> cannot be derived from an IE form; is the word Pre-Greek?

|ftr='''ῥάχις''': -ιος,<br />{rhákhis}<br />'''Forms''': att. -εως<br />'''Grammar''': f. (m.)<br />'''Meaning''': [[Rückgrat]], [[Rücken]], oft übertr. [[Bergrücken]] (seit ''I'' 208).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[ῥαχίτης]] m. [[zum Rückgrat gehörig]] (Arist., Mediz.), ἐπιρραχίτιδες ἀρτηρίαι (Hippiatr.; Redard 101 f.); 2. [[ῥαχιαῖος]] ib. (Mediz.); 3. [[ῥαχίζω]], auch m. δια-, κατα-, ‘(das Rückgrat) spalten, zerstücken’ (Trag. u.a.), auch [[aufschneiden]], [[prahlen]] (Din., H.) mit -ιστής m. [[Zerspalter]] (Pap.), [[Aufschneider]], [[Prahler]] (Theepomp. Kom.), -ιστήρ· [[ψεύστης]], [[ἀλαζών]] H. Mit Umbildung des Stammes: 4. [[ῥάχετρον]] = [[ῥάχις]] H., auch Ben. eines bestimmten Teils davon (Poll., Phot.; nach [[ἄγκιστρον]], [[δέρτρον]], [[ἦτρον]]?; vgl. auch Fraenkel Glotta 4, 43, Schwyzer 532), mit -ετρίζω = [[ῥαχίζω]] (Poll.); daneben [[ῥάκετρον]] usw. (s. [[ῥάκος]]). 5. [[ῥαχάς]]· [[χωρίον]] σύνδενδρον καὶ μετέωρον H., Phot. (nach [[δειράς]], [[σπιλάς]] u.a.) mit [[ῥαχάδην]]· ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως H. 6. Gen. sg. [[τοῦ]] ῥαχα von ῥαχας ‘ds.?’ (Halaesa; röm. Zeit). — Daneben [[ῥαχός]] (ῥᾶχος; codd. auch [[ῥάχος]], wohl nach [[ῥάχις]]), ion. [[ῥηχός]] f. ‘Dornstrauch, Dornhecke, (dorniges) Reis’ (Hdt., S., X., Thphr. u.a), ἐΰ-ρρηχος, [[ῥηχώδης]] [[dornig]] (Nik.); Denom. ῥαχῶσαι [[mit Reisern bedecken]] (att., 307-6^a). Zur Bed. [[Dornstrauch]], [[Rückgrat]], [[Rücken]] vgl. z.B. [[ἄκανθα]], lat. ''spina'' u.a. — Unklar [[ῥάχνος]] n. (Pap. IV-VI^p), etwa [[Mantel]]?<br />'''Etymology''' : Mit [[ῥάχις]] läßt sich lit. ''ražis'' [[Stoppel]] (woneben weit gewöhnlicheres ''rãžas'' ‘Stoppel, (Gabel)zinke, dürres Reis’) unnuttelbar gleichsetzen, idg. *''u̯răĝh''-''i''-; anl. ''u̯''- wird durch [[ὀρήχου]] (ὀ- = ϝ-)· τῆς αἱμασιᾶς H. bestätigt. Daneben hoch-(dehn-)stuf. *''u̯rāĝh''- in [[ῥαχός]], [[ῥηχός]]. Weitere Analyse unsicher: es kann sich sowohl um verbale wie um nominale Ableitungen, auch um Erweiterungen von einem Wz.nomen usw. handeln. Weitere Beziehung zu [[ῥαχία]], [[ῥάσσω]] ist nicht zu beweisen (ablehnend Solmsen Wortforsch. 163A.1); urspr. Bed. [[stechen]], [[stoßen]]?? — WP. 1, 318 (nach Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 15), Pok. 1180.<br />'''Page''' 2,646