συμβαίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> -βήσομαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.3</span>, etc.: pf. <b class="b3">-βέβηκα</b>, 3pl. -βεβᾶσι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>622</span>, Ion. inf. -βεβάναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.146</span>: pf. inf. Pass. -βεβάσθαι <span class="bibl">Th. 8.98</span>: aor. 2 [[συνέβην]] (v. infr.): aor. 1 subj. Pass. ξυμβᾰθῇ <span class="bibl">Id.4.30</span>:— [[stand with the feet together]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>3</span>; διαβαίνοντες μᾶλλον ἢ συμβεβηκότες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.14</span>; συμβεβηκὼς τὼ πόδε <span class="bibl">Poll.3.91</span>; <b class="b3">συμβᾶσα τὼ πόδε</b>, opp. [[περιβάδην]], <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.1.1</span>; <b class="b3">Παλλάδιον τοῖς ποσὶ συμβεβηκός</b> a statue [[with closed feet]], as in early Greek art, <span class="bibl">Apollod.3.12.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">σ. κακοῖς</b> to [[be joined to]] them, i.e. [[increase]] them, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[meet]], σὺν δ' ἔβη ἐν Φιλότητι <span class="bibl">Emp.21.8</span>; τὸν συμβαίνοντά σοι <span class="bibl">Eup.136</span> (dub.); σ. αὐτοὶ αὑτοῖς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.2.17</span>; <b class="b3">ξυμβέβηκε δ' οὐδαμοῦ</b> [[has]] never [[come in my way]], [[has had]] naught [[to do with me]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1007</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[attack jointly]], ἐπὶ Ναξίους <span class="bibl">Parth.9.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> most freq. metaph., [[come to an agreement]], [[come to terms]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>71</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἐλάττονι σ</b>. [[agree]] on (i.e. to accept) less, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>237 viii 11</span> (ii A.D.): c. dat., <span class="bibl">Th.3.52</span>, <span class="bibl">4.128</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἀλλήλους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">61</span>, etc.: with neut. Adj., ἐὰν ξυμβῶ τί σοι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>175</span>; ἤν τι ξυμβαίνωσι <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. τὰ πλείω, οὐδέν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.4.117</span>, <span class="bibl">5.36</span>; τἆλλα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις <span class="bibl">Id.8.98</span>: c. inf., συνέβησαν ἐς τὠυτὸ... τὸν δὲ βασιλεύειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.13</span>; ξ. ὑπήκοοι εἶναι <span class="bibl">Th.1.117</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. ἤν τις ἁλίσκηται, . . δοῦλον εἶναι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">103</span>; ξ. τοῖς Πλαταιεῦσι παραδοῦναι σφᾶς αὐτούς <span class="bibl">Id.2.4</span>; ξ. πρὸς Νικίαν . . ἐπιτρέψαι <span class="bibl">Id.4.54</span>; also συνέβησαν . . ὥστε τριηκοσίους μαχέσασθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.82</span>; <b class="b3">σ. εἰς τὸ μέσον</b> [[agree]] to a compromise, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>337e</span>; <b class="b3">λόγοις σ</b>., of a verbal agreement, E.<span class="title">Med.</span> <span class="bibl">737</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>233</span>: generally, [[make friends with]], <b class="b3">ἐκ πολέμου ξ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span> 867</span>; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου <span class="bibl">Th.4.19</span>; ἐπὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>590</span> (troch.): in pf. [[συμβεβάναι]] and Pass., of the agreement, <b class="b3">δοκέοντες πάντα συμβεβάναι</b> that everything [[had been settled]], or that they [[had settled]] everything, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.146</span>; ἐπὶ τούτοις ξυμβεβάσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.8.98</span>; ἕως ἄν τι περὶ τοῦ πλέονος ξυμβαθῇ <span class="bibl">Id.4.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">agree with, be on good terms with</b>, οὐ . . Ἀθηναίοισι συνέβαιν' Αἰσχύλος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>807</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν στάσεων</b> [[hold with]] one and other of them, <span class="bibl">D.H.2.62</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of things, [[tally]], [[correspond with]], ὁ χρόνος ἐδόκεε τῇ ἡλικίῃ συμβαίνειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.116</span>; ἐθέλων εἰδέναι εἰ [οἱ ἐκείνων λόγοι] συμβήσονται τοῖσι λόγοισι τοῖσι ἐν Μέμφι <span class="bibl">Id.2.3</span>; ξυμβαίνει ταῦτα τοῖς πρὸ τοῦ <span class="bibl">Lys.8.9</span>; εἰς ταὐτὸ σ. τοῖς ἐμοῖς στίβοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>210</span>: abs., <b class="b3">ὅπως ἂν ἀρτίκολλα συμβαίνῃ τάδε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">580</span>; <b class="b3">χρησμοί τε συμβαίνουσι</b> [[are in harmony]] therewith, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>220</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>1164</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ σ. εἰς ταύτην εἶναι πέμπτην</b> five days later exactly [[tallies]], <span class="bibl">D.19.60</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτο σ. οὐ πλέον ἢ εἰς δώδεκα</b> [[comes]] to no more than 12, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.4.12</span>; αἱ πεντακόσιαι μάλιστά πως συνέβαινον δραχμαί <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>50(26).94</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ φαρμακεύεσθαι τῷ καθαίρεσθαι εἰς ταὐτὸν σ</b>. [[comes]] to the same thing as... Gal.15.901; of ashlar-work, [[fit]] or [[range exactly]], <span class="bibl">M.Ant.5.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[fall to one's lot]], c. dat. pers., μοι σ. ἆται <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>148</span> (lyr.), etc.; ἡδοναί τινι <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.222</span>; τριηραρχία μοι <span class="bibl">D. 47.49</span>; ἀτυχία <span class="bibl">Id.57.65</span>; εὐεργεσιῶν συμβαίνειν καιρόν <span class="bibl">Id.20.121</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> to [[be an attribute]] or [[characteristic of]], ξυνεβεβήκει . . Ἀθηναίοις τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Th. 2.15</span>; τὰ ὀφείλοντα ταῖς ἀρίσταις συμβεβηκέναι τιτθαῖς <span class="bibl">Sor.1.87</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">91</span>, <span class="bibl">2.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of events, [[come to pass]], [[fall out]], [[happen]], συμβαίνει δ' οὐ τὰ μέν, τὰ δ' οὔ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>802</span>; <b class="b3">τῶνδε ναμέρτεια σ</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>173</span>; ἐὰν μὴ θεία τις σ. τύχη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>592a</span>; αἱ ἀεὶ συμβαίνουσαι τύχαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Criti.</span>120e</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ καιρὸς σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>2.5</span>; χρηστόν τι σ. παρὰ θεῶν <span class="bibl">D.1.11</span>; τοὐναντίον συμβαίνειν πέφυκε Gal.15.460: c. dat., ib.67, 16.724: also euphem., <b class="b3">ἄν τι ξυμβῇ</b> if anything [[happen]] (i.e. any evil), <span class="bibl">D.21.112</span>, cf. <span class="title">Riv.Fil.</span>60.59 (ii B.C.): generally, [[occur]], [[be found]], [[exist]], ἐν τῇ ἀρχαίᾳ ἡμετέρᾳ φωνῇ σ. τὸ ὄνομα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>398b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>29.15</span>: but, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> mostly impers., sometimes c. dat. et inf., αὐτῷ Ὀλυμπιάδα ἀνελέσθαι συνέβη <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.103</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.1</span>; συμβαίνει τῷ πλοίῳ ἀργεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>650.2</span> (iii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>21.3</span>, al. (iii B.C.): sometimes c. acc. et inf., συνέβη Γέλωνα νικᾶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.166</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.8.25</span>; συμβαίνει διὰ παντὸς ἡμᾶς περιφόβους εἶναι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>160.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">132.5</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>6.2</span>, al. (iii B.C.), Gal.15.476; σ. τῷ οἰκοδόμῳ μουσικῷ εἶναι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1017a11</span>; folld. by [[ὥστε]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1152</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.79</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1261a34</span>: c. part., <b class="b3">σ. ὄν, γιγνόμενον, λεγόμενον</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Sph.</span>244d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>42d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>412a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">τὸ συμβεβηκός</b> [[chance event]], [[contingency]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prm.</span>128c</span>; τὰ συμβαίνοντα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.43</span>; τὰ συμβάντα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.13</span>; ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβαίνοντος ὁ τόπος εἴληφε τὴν προσηγορίαν <span class="bibl">Plb.10.28.7</span>: hence <b class="b3">κατὰ συμβεβηκός</b> [[by accident]], [[contingently]] (v. infr. iv. ''1''); <b class="b3">τοῦ συμβαίνοντός ἐστι</b> it [[depends upon accident]], easily happens, <span class="bibl">Is.4.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> joined with Adverbs or Adiectives, [[turn out]] in a certain way, ὀρθῶς σφι ἡ φήμη συνέβαινε ἐλθοῦσα <span class="bibl">Hdt. 9.101</span>; <b class="b3">κακῶς, καλῶς συμβῆναι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.63</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.4.14</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1055</span>; τὰ μητρὸς . . ἔχθιστα συμβέβηκεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>262</span>; <b class="b3">ταῦτα . . λαμπρὰ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 1174</span>; ξυμβεβᾶσιν οἱ λόγοι . . ἀληθεῖς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>622</span>; ἄπιστ' ἀληθῆ πολλὰ σ. βροτοῖς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>396</span>; σ. μέγιστον κακὸν ἡ ἀδικία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>479c</span>, cf. <span class="title">Alc.</span> 1.130c, <span class="title">Cra.</span>398e; δοκεῖ τὸ μαντεῖον τοὐναντίον ξυμβῆναι ἢ . . <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>; τοιούτου τούτου συμβάντος <span class="bibl">Id.1.74</span>; <b class="b3">συμβαίνει καὶ σοὶ</b> (sc. [[ἄριστον]]) <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>903d</span>: abs., [[turn out well]], ἢν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα <span class="bibl">Th.3.3</span>; εἴ μοι σ. τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>744a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of consequences, [[come out]], [[result]], [[follow]], δαπανῶντες ἐς τοιαῦτα ἀφ' ὦν ἡ ἀσθένεια ξυμβαίνει <span class="bibl">Th.8.45</span>; κάλλιστον δὴ ἔργων ὑμῖν ξυμβήσεται <span class="bibl">Id.6.33</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ συμβάντα</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἡ προαίρεσις</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.192</span>; δηλοῦται ἐκ τοῦ συμβάντος Gal.16.583; ἐὰν μὴ ὅτι τάχος ἀποσταλῇ τὰ ὑποζύγια, συμβήσεται τὰ μελίσσεια ἀπολέσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span> 467.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">481.2</span>, al. (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of logical conclusions, [[result]], [[follow]], freq. in Pl. and Arist., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>459b</span>, etc.; σ. ἐκ τῶν κειμένων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>156b38</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">D.25.73</span>: impers., [[it follows]], c. inf., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>170c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>74a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1152b25</span>, al.; also σ. μήτε κουφότητ' ἔχειν μήτε βάρος, ἔπειθ' ὅτι ἀδύνατον κινηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>270a5</span>: also pers., <b class="b3">συμβαίνει εἶναι</b> or [[γίγνεσθαι]] [[turns out]] to be, i.e. [[consequently]] or [[inevitably is]] or [[happens]], <b class="b3">κάθαρσις εἶναι τοῦτο σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>67c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">80b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>396a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>55a</span>, <span class="bibl">64e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prm.</span>134b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>438e</span>; ὅσα συμβαίνει γίγνεσθαι κακὰ καὶ ὅσα συμβήσεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>301e</span>: hence [[συμβεβηκός]] (v. infr. iv. <span class="bibl">2</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in Philos., <b class="b3">τὸ συμβεβηκός</b> has two senses: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[a contingent attribute]] or '[[accident]]' (in the modern sense), <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">APo.</span>73b4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Top.</span>102b4</span>, al.; <b class="b3">κατὰ συμβεβηκός</b> '[[accidentally]]', opp. <b class="b3">καθ' αὑτό</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>192b22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1052a18</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sens.</span>22</span>; opp. [[ἁπλῶς]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>71b10</span>, al.; opp. [[φύσει]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>406a14</span>; opp. [[κυρίως]], [[πρώτως]], Gal.15.629, cf. 16.575, al.; opp. [[ἄντικρυς]], Id.18(2).180. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[an attribute necessarily resulting from]] the notion of a thing, but not entering into the definition thereof, οἷον τῷ τριγώνῳ τὸ δύο ὀρθὰς ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1025a31</span>; distinguished by the addition of <b class="b3">καθ' αὑτό</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>83b19</span>, al.; in Epicurus, [[essential attribute]], [[property]], opp. [[σύμπτωμα]] 'accident', <b class="b3">τὰ τούτων συμπτώματα ἢ σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.6U.</span>, cf. <span class="title">Nat.</span>4 G., al.; σ. ἀνθρώπου τὸ θνητὸν εἶναι <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>3</span>, al.; in the Stoics, [[consequence]], opp. [[αἴτιον]], Zeno Stoic.1.25.</span>