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|Transliteration C=lyma | |Transliteration C=lyma | ||
|Beta Code=lu=ma | |Beta Code=lu=ma | ||
|Definition=(A), ατος, τό, mostly in plural (sg. in <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.159 (Cyrene)), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[water used in washing]], or [[dirt removed by washing]], [[offscourings]], οἱ δ' ἀπελυμαίνοντο καὶ εἰς ἅλα λύματα βάλλον <span class="bibl">Il.1.314</span>; ἀμβροσίῃ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπὸ χροὸς… λύματα πάντα κάθηρεν <span class="bibl">14.171</span>; ἔκλυζεν ποταμῷ λύματα <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.25</span>; of catarrhal | |Definition=(A), ατος, τό, mostly in plural (sg. in <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.159 (Cyrene)), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[water used in washing]], or [[dirt removed by washing]], [[offscourings]], οἱ δ' ἀπελυμαίνοντο καὶ εἰς ἅλα λύματα βάλλον <span class="bibl">Il.1.314</span>; ἀμβροσίῃ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπὸ χροὸς… λύματα πάντα κάθηρεν <span class="bibl">14.171</span>; ἔκλυζεν ποταμῷ λύματα <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.25</span>; of [[catarrhal]] [[discharge]]s, [[purgation]]s, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Gland.</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">λύμαθ' ἁγνίσας ἐμά</b>, of the ''blood'' on his hands, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>655</span>; <b class="b3">τόκοιο λύματα</b>, = [[τὰ λόχια]], <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>17</span>: generally, [[offscouring]]s, [[refuse]], γῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>109</span>; δόμων ἐκ λύματ' ἔνεικαν <span class="bibl">A.R.4.710</span>; of [[ordure]], <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>216</span>; ἔκβολα λ. δαιτός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cer.</span>116</span>; ἐκκλύζειν τὰ λ. τῆς πόλεως εἰς τὸν Τίβεριν <span class="bibl">Str.5.3.8</span>, cf. Plu.2.518b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[moral filth]], [[defilement]], in sg., <b class="b3">λῦμα τῷ γήρᾳ τρέφῃ</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>805</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = [[λύμη]], [[ruin]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>692</span> (pl., lyr.): in sg., of a person, <b class="b3">σύ τ', ὦ λῦμ' Ἀχαιῶν</b>, i. e. Hector, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>591</span> (lyr.).</span><br />(B), ατος, τό, ([[λύω]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> = [[ἐνέχυρον]], Suid. (pl.).</span> | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
|elrutext='''λῦμα:''' ατος τό (преимущ. pl.)<br /><b class="num">1)</b> нечистота, грязь (ἀπὸ χροὸς λύματα πάντα καθαίρειν Hom.);<br /><b class="num">2)</b> нечестие, позор (τῷ γήρᾳ Soph.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> несчастье, пагуба, гибель (Ἀχαιῶν Eur.). | |elrutext='''λῦμα:''' ατος τό (преимущ. pl.)<br /><b class="num">1)</b> [[нечистота]], [[грязь]] (ἀπὸ χροὸς λύματα πάντα καθαίρειν Hom.);<br /><b class="num">2)</b> [[нечестие]], [[позор]] (τῷ γήρᾳ Soph.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> [[несчастье]], [[пагуба]], [[гибель]] (Ἀχαιῶν Eur.). | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[dirt]], [[offscourings]], [[purgation]], metaph. [[contamination]], [[revilement]] (A 314 a. Ξ 371, Hdt.); on the meaning Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (with wrong connection with [[λύω]]). - [[λύμη]] f., often pl. <b class="b3">-αι</b>, <b class="b2">maltreatment (e.g. mutilation, flagellation), damage, violation, revilement</b>.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-ατος</b> n., mostly pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. From [[λῦμα]]: <b class="b3">λύμακες πέτραι</b> H. (on alphab. wrong position); cf. [[βῶλαξ]], [[λίθαξ]] a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379); <b class="b3">κατα-λυμακόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be covered with λύμακες `</b>(i.e. [[dirt]])' (Tab. Heracl. 1, 56); also [[Λύμαξ]], <b class="b3">-κος</b> m. Arcad. rivername (cf. [[ῥύαξ]], [[σύρφαξ]] a.o.; Chantraine 381 f.), after Paus. 8, 41, 2 because of the Nachgeburt ([[λύματα]]) of Rhea, in fact prob. because of the ooze (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 663, also Schwyzer RhM 77, 225ff. and Bechtel Dial. 1, 393; in detail deviat.). 2. From [[λύμη]]: [[λυμεών]], <b class="b3">-ωνος</b> m. [[destroyer]] (S., E., Tim. Pers., Isoc., as [[ἀπατεών]]; Chantraine 163) with <b class="b3">λυμεων -εύομαι</b> <b class="b2">play the λ.</b> (Plb.); [[λυμάχη]] (<b class="b3">-χή</b>?) <b class="b3">ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη</b> H. (after [[ταραχή]]? [[στοναχή]]?). Transformation of [[λῦμα]], [[λύμη]] : [[λῦμαρ]] (Max. Astrol.; cf. Schwyzer 519). -- Denomin. <b class="b3">λυμαί-νομαι</b>, aor. [[λυμήνασθαι]] (rare [[λυμῆναι]], <b class="b3">-ᾶναι</b>) 1. from ?[[λῦμα]] <b class="b2">purify (of dirt)</b> (Hp.), usually <b class="b3">ἀπο-λυμαίνομαι</b> [[wash]], [[purify]] (A 313f., A. R., Agath., Paus.) with <b class="b3">ἀπολυμαν-τήρ</b> (tablecleaner' (ρ 220, 377); 2. more often from [[λύμη]] <b class="b2">corporally maltreat, damage, destroy,violate</b>, also with <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> (Ion. Att. Arc.; on the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 169, Fraenkel Denom. 49); [[λυμαντήρ]] [[destroyer]], [[violater]] (X.), [[λυμάντωρ]] (Timo, Epigr. Cyrene), <b class="b3">-τής</b> (S.) <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. Fraenkel Nom. sg. 2, 55) with <b class="b3">λυμαν-τήριος</b> (A.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (Ph., Arr.) [[destroying]], [[violating]]. - [[λύθρος]] m. (after [[βρότος]], [[βόρβορος]], [[πηλός]]?), also <b class="b3">-ον</b> n. [[clotted]], [[thick blood]] (Hom. [only dat. <b class="b3">-ρῳ</b>], Hp. Ep.) with [[λυθρώδης]] [[bloodstained]] (LXX, AP). With [[λῦμα]] : [[λύμη]] cf. [[γνῶμα]] : [[γνώμη]], [[χάρμα]] : <b class="b3">-μη</b>, [[βρῶμα]] : <b class="b3">-μη</b> etc.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [681] <b class="b2">*luH-</b> [[dirt]], [[pollute]]<br />Etymology: With [[λῦμα]], <b class="b3">-μη</b> agrees Alb. [[lum]] [[slime]], [[mud]] (IE <b class="b2">*lum-</b>); an agreement with [[λύθρος]] perhaps in the Illyr. GN [[Ludrum]] (with IE [[dh]] or [[d]]); close comes also Alb. [[ler]] [[mud]] (IE <b class="b2">*leu-d(h)r-</b>). The nouns mentioned go back on a in Greek lost (and by [[λυμαίνομαι]] replaced?) verb meaning [[pollute]], [[contaminate]], which lives on in Lat. <b class="b2">pol-luō</b> (from <b class="b2">*por-luō</b>) and led to the verbal noun Lat. [[lutum]] = OIr. [[loth]] [[muck]], [[excrements]], [[dirt]]. Other survivals are Lat. [[lustrum]] [[puddle]], [[marsh]] and German rivernames like [[Lune]] and [[Lienz]] (from <b class="b2">*Luantia</b>); cf.[[Λύμαξ]]. - WP. 2, 406, Pok. 681, W.-Hofmann s. 1. [[lutum]]. Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2"> | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[dirt]], [[offscourings]], [[purgation]], metaph. [[contamination]], [[revilement]] (A 314 a. Ξ 371, Hdt.); on the meaning Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (with wrong connection with [[λύω]]). - [[λύμη]] f., often pl. <b class="b3">-αι</b>, <b class="b2">maltreatment (e.g. mutilation, flagellation), damage, violation, revilement</b>.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-ατος</b> n., mostly pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. From [[λῦμα]]: <b class="b3">λύμακες πέτραι</b> H. (on alphab. wrong position); cf. [[βῶλαξ]], [[λίθαξ]] a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379); <b class="b3">κατα-λυμακόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be covered with λύμακες `</b>(i.e. [[dirt]])' (Tab. Heracl. 1, 56); also [[Λύμαξ]], <b class="b3">-κος</b> m. Arcad. rivername (cf. [[ῥύαξ]], [[σύρφαξ]] a.o.; Chantraine 381 f.), after Paus. 8, 41, 2 because of the Nachgeburt ([[λύματα]]) of Rhea, in fact prob. because of the ooze (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 663, also Schwyzer RhM 77, 225ff. and Bechtel Dial. 1, 393; in detail deviat.). 2. From [[λύμη]]: [[λυμεών]], <b class="b3">-ωνος</b> m. [[destroyer]] (S., E., Tim. Pers., Isoc., as [[ἀπατεών]]; Chantraine 163) with <b class="b3">λυμεων -εύομαι</b> <b class="b2">play the λ.</b> (Plb.); [[λυμάχη]] (<b class="b3">-χή</b>?) <b class="b3">ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη</b> H. (after [[ταραχή]]? [[στοναχή]]?). Transformation of [[λῦμα]], [[λύμη]] : [[λῦμαρ]] (Max. Astrol.; cf. Schwyzer 519). -- Denomin. <b class="b3">λυμαί-νομαι</b>, aor. [[λυμήνασθαι]] (rare [[λυμῆναι]], <b class="b3">-ᾶναι</b>) 1. from ?[[λῦμα]] <b class="b2">purify (of dirt)</b> (Hp.), usually <b class="b3">ἀπο-λυμαίνομαι</b> [[wash]], [[purify]] (A 313f., A. R., Agath., Paus.) with <b class="b3">ἀπολυμαν-τήρ</b> (tablecleaner' (ρ 220, 377); 2. more often from [[λύμη]] <b class="b2">corporally maltreat, damage, destroy,violate</b>, also with <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> (Ion. Att. Arc.; on the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 169, Fraenkel Denom. 49); [[λυμαντήρ]] [[destroyer]], [[violater]] (X.), [[λυμάντωρ]] (Timo, Epigr. Cyrene), <b class="b3">-τής</b> (S.) <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. Fraenkel Nom. sg. 2, 55) with <b class="b3">λυμαν-τήριος</b> (A.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (Ph., Arr.) [[destroying]], [[violating]]. - [[λύθρος]] m. (after [[βρότος]], [[βόρβορος]], [[πηλός]]?), also <b class="b3">-ον</b> n. [[clotted]], [[thick blood]] (Hom. [only dat. <b class="b3">-ρῳ</b>], Hp. Ep.) with [[λυθρώδης]] [[bloodstained]] (LXX, AP). With [[λῦμα]] : [[λύμη]] cf. [[γνῶμα]] : [[γνώμη]], [[χάρμα]] : <b class="b3">-μη</b>, [[βρῶμα]] : <b class="b3">-μη</b> etc.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [681] <b class="b2">*luH-</b> [[dirt]], [[pollute]]<br />Etymology: With [[λῦμα]], <b class="b3">-μη</b> agrees Alb. [[lum]] [[slime]], [[mud]] (IE <b class="b2">*lum-</b>); an agreement with [[λύθρος]] perhaps in the Illyr. GN [[Ludrum]] (with IE [[dh]] or [[d]]); close comes also Alb. [[ler]] [[mud]] (IE <b class="b2">*leu-d(h)r-</b>). The nouns mentioned go back on a in Greek lost (and by [[λυμαίνομαι]] replaced?) verb meaning [[pollute]], [[contaminate]], which lives on in Lat. <b class="b2">pol-luō</b> (from <b class="b2">*por-luō</b>) and led to the verbal noun Lat. [[lutum]] = OIr. [[loth]] [[muck]], [[excrements]], [[dirt]]. Other survivals are Lat. [[lustrum]] [[puddle]], [[marsh]] and German rivernames like [[Lune]] and [[Lienz]] (from <b class="b2">*Luantia</b>); cf.[[Λύμαξ]]. - WP. 2, 406, Pok. 681, W.-Hofmann s. 1. [[lutum]]. Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">laũre</b>. On the GN esp. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 6, 106ff. a. 242ff., Eisenstuck ibd. 7. 53ff. - (Wrong Specht KZ 68, 124. <b class="b3">λύ-μη</b> to <b class="b3">λύ-πη</b> with old variation [[μ]] : [[π]].) | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
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{{FriskDe | {{FriskDe | ||
|ftr='''λῦμα''': -ατος<br />{lũma}<br />'''Forms''': meist pl. -ατα,<br />'''Grammar''': n.,<br />'''Meaning''': [[Schmutz]], [[Abfall]], [[Kehricht]], [[Unrat]], übertr. ‘Besudelung, Schmach o. ä.’ (ep. poet. seit Α 314 u. Ξ 371, auch Hdt. u. sp. Prosa); zur Bed. Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (mit falscher Anknüpfung an [[λύω]]). —[[λύμη]] f., oft pl. -αι, ‘Mißhandlung (z.B. Verstümmelung, Geißelung), Schädigung, Schändung, Beschimpfung’ (vorw. ion. poet., auch hell. u. sp.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. Von [[λῦμα]]: | |ftr='''λῦμα''': -ατος<br />{lũma}<br />'''Forms''': meist pl. -ατα,<br />'''Grammar''': n.,<br />'''Meaning''': [[Schmutz]], [[Abfall]], [[Kehricht]], [[Unrat]], übertr. ‘Besudelung, Schmach o. ä.’ (ep. poet. seit Α 314 u. Ξ 371, auch Hdt. u. sp. Prosa); zur Bed. Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (mit falscher Anknüpfung an [[λύω]]). —[[λύμη]] f., oft pl. -αι, ‘Mißhandlung (z.B. Verstümmelung, Geißelung), Schädigung, Schändung, Beschimpfung’ (vorw. ion. poet., auch hell. u. sp.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. Von [[λῦμα]]: λύμακες· πέτραι H. (an alphab. unrichtiger Stelle); vgl. [[βῶλαξ]], [[λίθαξ]] u.a. (Chantraine Form. 379); davon [[καταλυμακόομαι]] ‘von λύμακες ‘(d.h. [[Unrat]], [[Schutt]]) überdeckt werden’ (''Tab''. ''Heracl''. 1, 56); auch [[Λύμαξ]], -κος m. arkad. Flußname (vgl. [[ῥύαξ]], [[σύρφαξ]] u.a.; Chantraine 381 f.), nach Paus. 8, 41, 2 wegen der in den Fluß geworfenen Nachgeburt (λύματα) der Rhea, in der Tat wohl wegen der Schlammbildung (vgl. Schulze Kl. Schr. 663, auch Schwyzer RhM 77, 225ff. und Bechtel Dial. 1, 393; im einzelnen abweichend). 2. Von [[λύμη]]: [[λυμεών]], -ῶνος m. [[Zerstörer]], [[Verderber]] (S., E., Tim. ''Pers''., anch X., Isok. u.a., wie [[ἀπατεών]]; Chantraine 163) mit [[λυμεωνεύομαι]] [[Unheil stiften]] (Plb.); [[λυμάχη]] (-χή?)· ἡ [[εἰς]] διαφθορὰν [[λύπη]] H. (nach [[ταραχή]]? [[στοναχή]]?). Umbildung von [[λῦμα]], [[λύμη]] : [[λῦμαρ]] (Max. Astrol.; vgl. Schwyzer 519). — Denominativum [[λυμαίνομαι]], Aor. λυμήνασθαι (vereinzelt u. sp. λυμῆναι, -ᾶναι) 1. von [[λῦμα]] ‘(von Schmutz) reinigen’ (Hp.), gewöhnlicher [[ἀπολυμαίνομαι]] [[sich abwaschen]], [[reinigen]] (''A'' 313f., A. R., Agath., Paus.) mit [[ἀπολυμαντήρ]] (Tafelsäuberer’ (ρ 220, 377); 2. weit häufiger von [[λύμη]] [[körperlich mißhandeln]], [[schädigen]], [[verwüsten]], [[schänden]], auch mit δια-, κατα- u. a. (ion. att. ark.; zur Bed. Schulze Kl. Schr. 169 m. A. 8, Fraenkel Denom. 49); davon [[λυμαντήρ]] [[Zerstörer]], [[Schänder]] (X.), [[λυμάντωρ]] (Timo, Epigr. Kyrene), -τής (S.) ib. (vgl. Fraenkel Nom. sg. 2, 55) mit [[λυμαντήριος]] (A.), -τικός (Ph., Arr. u. a.) [[zerstörend]], [[schändend]]. — λύθρος m. (nach [[βρότος]], [[βόρβορος]], [[πηλός]] u. a. ?), auch -ον n. [[geronnenes]], [[dickes Blut]] (Hom. [nur Dat. -ρῳ], Hp. ''Ep''., spät) mit [[λυθρώδης]] [[blutbefieckt]] (LXX, ''AP'').<br />'''Etymology''' : Zu [[λῦμα]] : [[λύμη]] vgl. [[γνῶμα]] : [[γνώμη]], [[χάρμα]] : -μη, [[βρῶμα]] : -μη u. a. m. — Zu [[λῦμα]], -μη stimmt alb. ''lum'' [[Schlamm]] (idg. ''lum''-); ein Seitenstück zu λύθρος kann in dem illyr. ON ''Ludrum'' (mit idg. ''dh'' od. ''d'') vorliegen; nahe kommt auch alb. ''ler'' [[Schlamm]] (idg. ''leu''-''d''(''h'')''r''-). Die genannten Nomina gehen auf ein im Griechischen verschwundenes (und von [[λυμαίνομαι]] ersetztes?) Verb der Bed. ‘verunreinigen, besudeln o. ä.’ zurück, das noch in lat. ''pol''-''luō'' (aus *''por''-''luō'') lebt und u. a. noch zum Verbalnomen lat. ''lutum'' = air. ''loth'' [[Dreck]], [[Kot]], [[Schmntz]] Anlaß gegeben hat. Andere Ableger sind lat. ''lustrum'' [[Pfütze]], [[Morast]] und deutsche Flußnamen wie ''Lune'' und ''Lienz'' (aus *''Luantia''); vgl. [[Λύμαξ]]. — WP. 2, 406, Pok. 681, W.-Hofmann s. 1. ''lutum''. Fraenkel Wb. s. ''laũrė''. Zu den ON bes. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 6, 106ff. u. 242ff., Eisenstuck ebd. 7. 53ff. — Abzulehnen Specht KZ 68, 124. [[λύμη]] zu [[λύπη]] mit altem Wechsel μ : π.<br />'''Page''' 2,144-145 | ||
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{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | {{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | ||
|woodrun=[[defilement]], [[taint]], [[of guilt]] | |woodrun=[[defilement]], [[taint]], [[of guilt]] | ||
}} | }} |