πλείων: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj. (comp.)<br />Meaning: [[more]], [[longer]], [[larger]] (Hom.).<br />Other forms: [[πλέων]], n. [[πλεῖον]], [[πλέον]] (Il.), ep. Aeol. pl. also [[πλέες]], Cret. [[πλίες]] etc. (further forms in Seiler Steigerungsformen 113, Schwyzer 537 n. 6; cf. also bel.); superl. [[πλεῖστος]] (Il.) [[most]], [[the longset]], [[the greatest]].<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in the compound <b class="b3">πλεον-εξ-ία</b> f. [[greed]], [[benefitl]], <b class="b3">πλεον-εκτέω</b> with <b class="b3">-έκτημα</b>, [[έκτης]], <b class="b3">-εκτικός</b> (IA.; from <b class="b3">πλέον ἔχειν</b>, cf. [[εὑεξία]] a.o. s. 1. [[ἔχω]] and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 166); <b class="b3">πλειστό-μβροτος</b> [[very rich in people]] (Pi.).<br />Derivatives: From <b class="b3">πλε(ί)ων</b>, [[πλέον]] : [[πλειότης]] f. [[plurality]] (Theol. Ar.), [[πλειονότης]] f. [[the superior length of the chord]] (Nicom. Harm.); <b class="b3">πλεον-άκις</b> [[more often]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-αχός</b>, <b class="b3">-αχῶς</b> [[multiple]], [[in multiple ways]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-αχῃ̃</b> [[in more respects]] (Pl.); <b class="b3">-άζω</b> <b class="b2">to have an abundance, to be excessive, to grow in number, to increase</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ασις</b> (Arist., hell.). Fronm [[πλεῖστος]]: <b class="b3">πλειστ-άκις</b> [[most often]], [[very often]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-αχόθεν</b> <b class="b2">from the most (very many) places</b> (Ar.), <b class="b3">-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">the most (χρόνος), the longest</b> (A. Eu. 763), <b class="b3">-ηρίζομαι</b> approx. [[to appoint someone as the highest authority]] (A. Ch. 1029), <b class="b3">-ηριάζω</b> <b class="b2">to bid the highest price (in auctions), to outbid</b> (Lys., Pl. Com., Them.) with <b class="b3">-ηριασμός ὑπερθεματισμός</b> H.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [798] <b class="b2">*pleh₁-</b> [[full]]<br />Etymology: As basis of the above comp. forms one may posit PGr. <b class="b3">*πλή-</b>[ι̯][[ων]], <b class="b3">*πλή-ιστος</b>; from there [[πλέων]], [[πλεῖστος]]; to [[πλεῖστος]] analog. [[πλείων]] (cf. also [[μείων]]). The seemingly archaic [[πλέες]], [[πλίες]] (s. on them Schwyzer 537 n. 6 w. rich lit.) are best taken as innovations to [[πλέον]], pl. [[πλέα]] (Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 1f. = Kl. Schr. 214f.). Unclear Att. [[πλεῖν]] = [[πλέον]] and Arc. [[πλος]] ([[πλως]]?) [[plus]], s. Schwyzer l.c. (also n. 1) and Leumann l.c. The sporadic attestations with [[η]], e.g. [[πλῆον]] (Milete a.e.), <b class="b3">Πλήστ-αρχος</b> (Tegea) can hardly be interpreted as testimonies of older situations (s. Seiler l.c.). -- A corresponding comp. gives Av. <b class="b2">frāyah-</b> [[more]], [[much]], [[many]], Skt. adv. <b class="b2">prāyaḥ</b>. As the superlative originally had zero grade and a zero grade form. has been supposed in Av. [[fraēštǝm]] [[mostly]], OWNo. [[fleistr]] [[most]] (with comp. [[fleiri]]), but it has full grade, IE <b class="b2">*pleh₁-isto-</b>? The stem <b class="b3">πλη-</b> is best seen in [[πίμπλημι]] (s. v.); on the positive [[πολύς]] s. v. -- Details in the above mentioned lit. and in WP. 2, 65 (Pok. 798), W.-Hofmann s. [[plūs]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">prāyaḥ</b>.