τοι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=prop. ethical dative of [[σύ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), but used as an enclit. Particle, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">let me tell you, mark you, look you</b> (in Engl. we freq. convey the impression by means of emphasis or tone), implying a real or imagined audience, freq. in Hom. and always in speeches (exc. ὃς δή τοι <span class="bibl">Il.10.316</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.289</span>), αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μένειν κτλ. <span class="bibl">Il.2.298</span>; ἀλλ' ἐφομαρτεῖτε· πλεόνων δέ τοι ἔργον ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">12.412</span> codd.; <b class="b3">τοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέουσα ἔπος . . εἶμι</b> [[surely]] I will go, <span class="bibl">1.419</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτης τοι γενεῆς . . εὔχομαι εἶναι</b> (recapitulating) <span class="bibl">6.211</span> (so at the close of a narrative, <span class="bibl">Theoc. 11.80</span>); <b class="b3">οὗτός τοι . . ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεται ἀνήρ</b> here comes, [[look you]]... <span class="bibl">Il.10.341</span> (vulg., οὗτός τις Aristarch., etc.); freq. it is hard to distinct from the Ep. dat., as in ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ οἴχονται; <span class="bibl">13.219</span>; so in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 287</span> (addressed to Perses),<span class="bibl">347</span>,<span class="bibl">719</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Emp.17.14</span> (addressed to Pausanias), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.72</span> (addressed to Hiero), al.; and so in Trag. dialogue, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>729</span>, etc.; σέτοι κικλήσκω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1578</span> (lyr.); between chorus and actor, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>855</span> (lyr.), etc.; followed by a plural, <span class="bibl">Tyrt.10.11</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">13</span>); so ἄρσενάς τοι τῆσδε γῆς οἰκήτορας εὑρήσετε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>952</span>: hence, as addressed to an imaginary audience, without personal reference, introducing a general sentiment or maxim, <span class="bibl">Thgn.153</span>; τὸ συγγενές τοι δεινόν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>39</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in subordinate clauses, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> temporal and causal, ἐπεί τοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>138</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>321</span>; freq. ἐπεί τοι καί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>677</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>933</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>, etc.; ὅτι τοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>343a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> conditional, <b class="b3">εἴ τοι... ἐὰν δέ τοι</b>... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>549</span>,<span class="bibl">551</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>327</span>; in apodosi, εἰ γὰρ κτενοῦμεν... σύ τοι πρώτη θάνοις ἄν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>582</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.22.488</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> final, ὅπως . . τοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1469</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> freq. combined with other Particles, ἀλλά τοι <span class="bibl">Thgn.656</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.19</span>, etc.; ἀλλὰ . . τοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>795</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>1304</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γάρ τοι</b> (γάρ A. 11.9); <b class="b3">γέ τοι</b> (γε 1.5); [[ἤτοι]], [[καίτοι]] (v. sub vv.); <b class="b3">μέν τοι</b> (μέν <span class="bibl">B. 11.4</span>); <b class="b3">μή τοι, οὔ τοι;</b> cf. also <b class="b3">τοιγάρ, τοιγάρτοι, τοιγαροῦν, τοίνυν;</b> so in <b class="b3">τοι ἄρα, τοι ἆρα</b>, which however are mostly contracted by crasis into <b class="b3">τἆρα;</b> as also <b class="b3">τοι ἄν</b> into <b class="b3">τἄν, μέντοι ἄν</b> into [[μεντἄν]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Position: τοι usually stands early in the sentence (or clause), e.g. Ζεύς ἐστιν αἰθήρ, Ζεὺς δὲ γῆ, Ζεὺς δ' οὐρανός, Ζεύς τοι τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>70</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> hence τοι is sometimes placed between Art. and Subst. or Adj., or between Prep. and Subst., τό τ. μέγιστον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>261c</span>; ἐπί τ. Ἀκράγαντι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>972</span>, etc.; also after Prep. in compd. Verb, ἔκ τ. πέπληγμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>934</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>1047</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>784</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> τοι repeated, σύ τ. σύ τ. κατηξίωσας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1095</span> (lyr.).</span><span class="bld">τοι</span>, Dor., Aeol., Ion., and Ep. dat. sg. of [[σύ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]).

|sltr=[[τοι]] [[particle]], [[normally]] in [[second]] [[position]], [[often]] [[hard]] to [[differentiate]] [[from]] the pronoun: it implies [[that]] the [[point]] of a [[statement]] should be [[familiar]] to the [[listener]]. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> in princ. cl.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> emphasising a [[positive]] [[statement]], esp. the [[point]] of a [[myth]] or [[narrative]]. ἔσχε [[τοι]] ταύταν μεγάλαν ἀυάταν (P. 3.24) ὦ θεόμορ' Ἀρκεσίλα, σύ [[τοι]] (P. 5.6) σύ [[τοι]] [[σχεθών]] νιν ἐπὶ δεξιὰ χειρός, ὀρθὰν ἄγεις ἐφημοσύναν (P. 6.19) ἦλθέ [[τοι]] Νεμέας ἐξ ἐρατῶν ἀέθλων [[παῖς]] [[ἐναγώνιος]] (N. 6.11) βοαθοῶν [[τοι]] παρὰ μέγαν ὀμφαλὸν εὐρυκόλπου μόλεν χθονός (N. 7.33) ὅ [[τοι]] [[πτερόεις]] ἔρριψε Πάγασος δεσπόταν (I. 7.44) “χθόνα [[τοί]] ποτε καὶ στρατὸν ἀθρόον πέμψαν κεραυνῷ τριόδοντί τε ἐς τὸν βαθὺν Τάρταρον (Pae. 4.42) ὁ πάντα [[τοι]] τά τε καὶ τὰ τεύχων σὸν ἐγγυάλιξεν ὄλβον [[εὐρύοπα]] Κρόνου [[παῖς]] (Pae. 6.132) [[πολύ]] [[τοι]] φέριστον ἀνδρὶ τερπνὸς [[αἰών]] fr. 126. 1.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> in [[emphatic]] [[positive]] [[statement]], [[following]] impv. μὴ κρύπτε κοινὸν σπέρμ' ἀπὸ Καλλιάνακτος· Ἐρατιδᾶν [[τοι]] σὺν χαρίτεσσιν [[ἔχει]] θαλίας καὶ [[πόλις]] (O. 7.93) τόνδε κῶμον καὶ στεφαναφορίαν [[δέξαι]]. [[μέγα]] [[τοι]] [[κλέος]] [[αἰεί]], [[ᾧτινι]] (O. 8.10) [[ἴσθι]], γλυκεῖάν [[τοι]] Μενάνδρου σὺν τύχᾳ μόχθων ἀμοιβὰν ἐπαύρεο (N. 5.48) (cf. (N. 7.77) ) Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἀγλαίαισιν δ' ἀστυνόμοις ἐπιμεῖξαι λαόν. [[ἐντί]] [[τοι]] φίλιπποί τ [[αὐτόθι]] (N. 9.32) καὶ παλαισμάτων [[λάβε]] φροντίδ· [[ἀγών]] [[τοι]] [[χάλκεος]] δᾶμον ὀτρύνει (N. 10.22) (cf. (N. 10.82) ) εἶξον, ὦ Ἀπολλωνιάς· ἀμφοτερᾶν [[τοι]] χαρίτων σὺν θεοῖς ζεύξω [[τέλος]] (I. 1.6) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> in [[emphatic]] neg. [[statement]], esp. [[following]] impv. πτερόεντα δ' [[ἵει]] γλυκὺν Πυθῶνάδ ὀιστόν· [[οὔτοι]] χαμαιπετέων λόγων [[ἐφάψεαι]] (O. 9.12) στάσομαι· οὔ [[τοι]] ἅπασα [[κερδίων]] φαίνοισα [[πρόσωπον]] ἀλάθεἰ [[ἀτρεκής]] (N. 5.16) μήτ' ἀρετάν ποτε σιγάτω πατρῴαν, [[μηδὲ]] [[τούσδε]] ὕμνους· [[ἐπεί]] [[τοι]] [[οὐκ]] ἐλινύσοντας αὐτοὺς ἐργασάμαν (I. 2.46) μαρνάσθω [[τις]] ἔρδων ἀμφ' ἀέθλοισιν γενεὰν Κλεονίκου ἐκμαθών· [[οὔτοι]] τετύφλωται μακρὸς [[μόχθος]] [[ἀνδρῶν]] (I. 5.56) [[οὔτοι]] με ξένον οὐδ' ἀδαήμονα Μοισᾶν ἐπαίδευσαν κλυταὶ [[Θῆβαι]] fr. 198a.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> in [[proverb]], [[maxim]]. οὐ ψεύδει τέγξω λόγον· διάπειρά [[τοι]] βροτῶν [[ἔλεγχος]] (O. 4.18) Ἀίδα [[τοι]] λάθεται [[ἄρμενα]] πράξαις [[ἀνήρ]] (O. 8.72) [[καλός]] [[τοι]] [[πίθων]] παρὰ παισίν, αἰεὶ [[καλός]] (P. 2.72) λαγέταν [[γάρ]] [[τοι]] τύραννον δέρκεται ὁ [[μέγας]] [[πότμος]] (P. 3.85) [[Διός]] [[τοι]] [[νόος]] [[μέγας]] κυβερνᾷ δαίμον' ἄνδρων [[φίλων]] (P. 5.122) σὺν θεῷ [[γάρ]] [[τοι]] φυτευθεὶς [[ὄλβος]] ἀνθρώποισι παρμονώτερος (N. 8.17) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> [[affirmative]], [[answering]] [[quest]]. ἔπεχε [[νῦν]] σκοπῷ [[τόξον]], [[ἄγε]] θυμέ· [[τίνα]] βάλλομεν ; [[ἐπί]] [[τοι]] Ἀκράγαντι τανύσαις αὐδάσομαι ἐνόρκιον λόγον ἀλαθεῖ νόῳ (O. 2.90) [[τέρας]] δ' ἑὸν εἶπέν [[σφι]]· [[τρέω]] [[τοι]] πόλεμον (Pae. 4.40) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>f</b> in [[wish]], [[σύν]] [[τοι]] τίν κεν ἁγητὴρ ἀνὴρ τράποι (P. 1.69) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>g</b> in apodosis, εἴ τι καὶ φλαῦρον παραιθύσσει, [[μέγα]] [[τοι]] φέρεται πὰρ [[σέθεν]] (P. 1.87) εἰ δὲ [[σώφρων]] [[ἄντρον]] ἔναἰ [[ἔτι]] Χίρων, ἰατῆρά [[τοί]] [[κέν]] μιν πίθον [[παρασχεῖν]] (P. 3.65) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b> in subord. rel. cl. κόρῳ δ' ἕλεν ἄταν ὑπέροπλον, ἅν [[τοι]] πατὴρ [[ὕπερ]] κρέμασε καρτερὸν [[αὐτῷ]] λίθον (ἅν [[τοι]] Fennel: [[τάν]] οἱ codd.: ἅν οἱ Hermann) (O. 1.57) (Πιτάναν) ἅ [[τοι]] λέγεται παῖδα ἰόπλοκον Εὐάδναν τεκέμεν (O. 6.29) τί [[ἔλπεαι]] σοφίαν [[ἔμμεν]], ἃν [[ὀλίγον]] [[τοι]] ἀνὴρ [[ὑπὲρ]] ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει; fr. 61. 1.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b> combined [[with]] [[other]] particles,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> δέ [[τοι]], ἐγὼ δέ [[τοι]] φίλαν πόλιν μαλεραῖς ἐπιφλέγων ἀοιδαῖς (O. 9.21) εἰ δέ [[τοι]] μάτρῳ μ' [[ἔτι]] Καλλικλεῖ κελεύεις στάλαν [[θέμεν]] (N. 4.79) especially in maxims, τὸ διδάξασθαι δέ [[τοι]] εἰδότι ῥᾴτερον (O. 8.59) [[ποτὶ]] [[κέντρον]] δέ [[τοι]] λακτιζέμεν τελέθει ὀλισθηρὸς [[οἶμος]] (P. 2.94) σοφοὶ δέ [[τοι]] [[κάλλιον]] φέροντι καὶ τὰν θεόσδοτον δύναμιν (P. 5.12) [[δύο]] δέ [[τοι]] ζωᾶς [[ἄωτον]] μοῦνα ποιμαίνοντι τὸν ἄλπνιστον (I. 5.12) dub., †ἔστι δέ [[τοι]] χέκων κακίει [[καπνός]] (δὲ τειχέων coni. Boeckh) fr. 185. [[[μάλα]] δέ [[τοι]] (codd.: οἱ Boeckh) (O. 10.87) ]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[ἀλλά]] [[τοι]], [[ἀλλά]] [[τοι]] [[ἤρατο]] [[τῶν]] ἀπεόντων (P. 3.20) ἀλλ' Ὅμηρός [[τοι]] τετίμακεν δἰ ἀνθρώπων (I. 4.37), cf. (N. 10.82) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> [[καίτοι]], καί [[τοι]], and [[yet]] καί [[τοί]] ποτ' Ἀνταίου δόμους προσπαλαίσων ἦλθ ἀνὴρ (καί [[τοι]] ποτ [[varia lectio|v.l.]]) (I. 4.53) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> [[γάρ]] [[τοι]], (P. 3.85), (N. 8.17), cf. [[ἐπεί]] [[τοι]] (I. 2.46) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> ἦ [[τοι]], ἤ [[τοι]], v. [[ἤτοι]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b> ]νδε [[τοι]] [[οἴκοθεν]] fr. 6b. a.