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μάχομαι: Difference between revisions

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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[do battle]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: ep. also [[μαχέομαι]] ([[μαχειόμενος]], [[μαχεούμενον]] metr. lengthening), aor. <b class="b3">μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι</b> (Il.), [[μαχήσασθαι]] (D. S., Paus.), [[μαχεσθῆναι]] (Plu., Paus.), fut. [[μαχήσομαι]] (ep. Ion.), <b class="b3">μαχέσ(σ)ομαι</b> (Ion. a. late), [[μαχέομαι]] (Β 366), [[μαχοῦμαι]] (Att.; <b class="b3">μαχεῖται Υ</b> 26), perf. [[μεμάχημαι]] (Att.),<br />Compounds: Often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> (on [[ἀμφι]] μάχομαι Bolling AmJPh 81, 77ff.). As s. member in synthetic paroxytona like <b class="b3">μονο-μάχ-ος</b> [[battling alone]] (A., E.), m. [[gladiator]] (Str.), with <b class="b3">μονομαχ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> etc., <b class="b3">ναυ-μάχ-ος</b> [[battling on sea]] (AP; but <b class="b3">ναύ-μαχος</b> from [[μάχη]], s. below).<br />Derivatives: [[μάχη]] [[battle]] (Il.; on the meaning etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 233, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 135 f.); as 2. member e.g. in <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ναύ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἱππό-μαχος</b> with derivv. like <b class="b3">προμαχ-ίζω</b>, <b class="b3">συμμαχ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">ναυμαχ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>. Derivv. 1. <b class="b3">μαχη-τής</b> m. [[battler]] (Hom., LXX), Dor. [[μαχατάς]] (P.; H. <b class="b3">μαχάταρ ἀντίπαλος</b>), Aeol. [[μαχαίτας]] (Alk. Z 27, 5; hyperaeol.?), also derived from [[μάχομαι]]; Trümpy 128. 2. <b class="b3">μάχ-ιμος</b> <b class="b2">warlike, soldier of an Egyptian tribe</b> (IA.; after [[ἄλκιμος]], Arbenz 42) with [[μαχιμικός]] [[after the μάχιμοι]] (pap.). 3. [[Μαχάων]] m. PN (Aeol. ep.), Ion. <b class="b3">-έων</b>, with Dor. <b class="b3">Μαχαν-ίδας</b> (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 207f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 228). -- From [[μάχομαι]] also <b class="b3">μαχ-ήμων</b> [[martial]] (Μ 247, AP) and <b class="b3">μαχ-ητός</b> [[controllable]] (μ 119; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 14), [[ἀ-]], <b class="b3">περι-μάχ-ητος</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">μαχ-ητικός</b> [[prepared to fight]] (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 137); cf. <b class="b3">μαχ-ήσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">με-μάχ-ημαι</b> and Fraenkel 2, 79. -- Can be connected both with the noun as with the verb: <b class="b3">-μάχας</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπειρο-μάχας</b> [[unexperienced in battle]] (Pi.), <b class="b3">λεοντο-μάχας</b> [[fighting with a lion]] (Theoc.); cf. Schwyzer 451.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)<br />Etymology: Beside the thematic root-present [[μάχομαι]] there is the isolated by-form [[μαχέομαι]], prob. rather after [[μαχήσομαι]] (cf. below) than as denominative of [[μάχη]] (cf. Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 351). With [[μαχήσομαι]] : <b class="b3">ἐμαχό-μην</b> compare cases like <b class="b3">ἀπ-εχθήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">ἀπ-εχθόμην</b>, [[μαθήσομαι]] : [[ἔμαθον]], [[γενήσομαι]] : [[ἐγενόμην]] (Schwyzer 782). One is therefore prepared to see in [[ἐμαχόμην]] (to which [[μάχομαι]] was made) an original aorist, with which would agree, that the aorist in Hom. "auffallend selten gebraucht ist" (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 260 n. 333). When [[μαχεσθαι]] was reinterpreted as present a new aorist (after [[κοτέσσασθαι]] a. o.) <b class="b3">μαχέσ-(σ)ασθαι</b> would have arisen. After the type <b class="b3">τελέσ(σ)αι</b>: fut. [[τελῶ]] arose to <b class="b3">μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι</b> the new fut. [[μαχοῦμαι]]. -- In the field of fighting and battle old inherited expressions are hardly to be expected. The connection with a supposed Iran. PN <b class="b2">*ha-mazan-</b> prop. *"warrior" in [[Ἀμαζών]] (s. v.), with which also <b class="b3">ἁμαζακάραν πολεμεῖν</b>. [[Πέρσαι]], <b class="b3">ἁμαζανίδες αἱ μηλέαι</b> H. is as original as uncertain. Within Greek it is formally possible, to connect [[μάχομαι]] with [[μάχαιρα]] and further with [[μῆχαρ]], [[μηχανή]] (Fick BB 26, 230), which Chantr. rightly calls improbable; cf. esp. <b class="b3">χειρο-μάχα</b> f. (scil. [[ἑταιρεία]]) name of the workers party in Miletos after Plu. 2, 298 c; new attempt, to find a semantic basis for the connection in Trümpy 127 f. Diff. proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. [[mactus]], [[mactō]]. - The isolated root will rather be Pre-Greek.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[do battle]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: ep. also [[μαχέομαι]] ([[μαχειόμενος]], [[μαχεούμενον]] metr. lengthening), aor. <b class="b3">μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι</b> (Il.), [[μαχήσασθαι]] (D. S., Paus.), [[μαχεσθῆναι]] (Plu., Paus.), fut. [[μαχήσομαι]] (ep. Ion.), <b class="b3">μαχέσ(σ)ομαι</b> (Ion. a. late), [[μαχέομαι]] (Β 366), [[μαχοῦμαι]] (Att.; <b class="b3">μαχεῖται Υ</b> 26), perf. [[μεμάχημαι]] (Att.),<br />Compounds: Often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> (on [[ἀμφι]] μάχομαι Bolling AmJPh 81, 77ff.). As s. member in synthetic paroxytona like <b class="b3">μονο-μάχ-ος</b> [[battling alone]] (A., E.), m. [[gladiator]] (Str.), with <b class="b3">μονομαχ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> etc., <b class="b3">ναυ-μάχ-ος</b> [[battling on sea]] (AP; but <b class="b3">ναύ-μαχος</b> from [[μάχη]], s. below).<br />Derivatives: [[μάχη]] [[battle]] (Il.; on the meaning etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 233, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 135 f.); as 2. member e.g. in <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ναύ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἱππό-μαχος</b> with derivv. like <b class="b3">προμαχ-ίζω</b>, <b class="b3">συμμαχ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">ναυμαχ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>. Derivv. 1. <b class="b3">μαχη-τής</b> m. [[battler]] (Hom., LXX), Dor. [[μαχατάς]] (P.; H. <b class="b3">μαχάταρ ἀντίπαλος</b>), Aeol. [[μαχαίτας]] (Alk. Z 27, 5; hyperaeol.?), also derived from [[μάχομαι]]; Trümpy 128. 2. <b class="b3">μάχ-ιμος</b> [[warlike]], [[soldier of an Egyptian tribe]] (IA.; after [[ἄλκιμος]], Arbenz 42) with [[μαχιμικός]] [[after the μάχιμοι]] (pap.). 3. [[Μαχάων]] m. PN (Aeol. ep.), Ion. <b class="b3">-έων</b>, with Dor. <b class="b3">Μαχαν-ίδας</b> (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 207f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 228). -- From [[μάχομαι]] also <b class="b3">μαχ-ήμων</b> [[martial]] (Μ 247, AP) and <b class="b3">μαχ-ητός</b> [[controllable]] (μ 119; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 14), [[ἀ-]], <b class="b3">περι-μάχ-ητος</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">μαχ-ητικός</b> [[prepared to fight]] (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 137); cf. <b class="b3">μαχ-ήσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">με-μάχ-ημαι</b> and Fraenkel 2, 79. -- Can be connected both with the noun as with the verb: <b class="b3">-μάχας</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπειρο-μάχας</b> [[unexperienced in battle]] (Pi.), <b class="b3">λεοντο-μάχας</b> [[fighting with a lion]] (Theoc.); cf. Schwyzer 451.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)<br />Etymology: Beside the thematic root-present [[μάχομαι]] there is the isolated by-form [[μαχέομαι]], prob. rather after [[μαχήσομαι]] (cf. below) than as denominative of [[μάχη]] (cf. Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 351). With [[μαχήσομαι]] : <b class="b3">ἐμαχό-μην</b> compare cases like <b class="b3">ἀπ-εχθήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">ἀπ-εχθόμην</b>, [[μαθήσομαι]] : [[ἔμαθον]], [[γενήσομαι]] : [[ἐγενόμην]] (Schwyzer 782). One is therefore prepared to see in [[ἐμαχόμην]] (to which [[μάχομαι]] was made) an original aorist, with which would agree, that the aorist in Hom. "auffallend selten gebraucht ist" (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 260 n. 333). When [[μαχεσθαι]] was reinterpreted as present a new aorist (after [[κοτέσσασθαι]] a. o.) <b class="b3">μαχέσ-(σ)ασθαι</b> would have arisen. After the type <b class="b3">τελέσ(σ)αι</b>: fut. [[τελῶ]] arose to <b class="b3">μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι</b> the new fut. [[μαχοῦμαι]]. -- In the field of fighting and battle old inherited expressions are hardly to be expected. The connection with a supposed Iran. PN <b class="b2">*ha-mazan-</b> prop. *"warrior" in [[Ἀμαζών]] (s. v.), with which also <b class="b3">ἁμαζακάραν πολεμεῖν</b>. [[Πέρσαι]], <b class="b3">ἁμαζανίδες αἱ μηλέαι</b> H. is as original as uncertain. Within Greek it is formally possible, to connect [[μάχομαι]] with [[μάχαιρα]] and further with [[μῆχαρ]], [[μηχανή]] (Fick BB 26, 230), which Chantr. rightly calls improbable; cf. esp. <b class="b3">χειρο-μάχα</b> f. (scil. [[ἑταιρεία]]) name of the workers party in Miletos after Plu. 2, 298 c; new attempt, to find a semantic basis for the connection in Trümpy 127 f. Diff. proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. [[mactus]], [[mactō]]. - The isolated root will rather be Pre-Greek.
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