ὄνομα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=-ατος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[name]] (Il.), gramm. [[word]] (Att.), as part of speech = nomen (Pl., Arist.; beside [[ῥῆμα]] = verbum).<br />Other forms: ep. (also Hdt.) [[οὔνομα]] (metr. length.), Aeol. Dor. [[ὄνυμα]]; Dor. also [[ἔνυμα]] in <b class="b3">Ἐνυμα-κρατίδας</b>, [[Ἐνυμαντιάδας]] (Lac.)?<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀνομά-κλυτος</b> [[with a famous name]] (Χ 51; Schwyzer 440), <b class="b3">ἐξ-ονομα-κλήδην</b>, s. v.; <b class="b3">ὀνοματο-ποιέω</b> [[to give a name]], [[to name]] (Arist.), after other compp. with <b class="b3">-ποιέω</b> (<b class="b3">ὀνοματο-ποιός</b> Ath., Zos. Alch., <b class="b3">-ποιία</b> Str.; cf. Schwyzer 726); <b class="b3">ἀν-ώνυμος</b> (θ 552; comp. length.), <b class="b3">ν-ώνυμ(ν)ος</b> (ep.; s. below) [[nameless]].<br />Derivatives: A. Nouns: 1. Dimin. [[ὀνομάτιον]] (Arr., Longin.); 2. Adj. <b class="b3">ὀνοματ-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">of the nature of a name, concerning the name</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to the ὄνομα]] (D. H.). B. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">ὀνο-μαίνω</b>, almost only aor. [[ὀνομῆναι]], also w. <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, (mostly ep. Il.), fut. <b class="b3">ο(ὑ)νομανέω</b> (Hdt.), pres. (Dor.) [[ὀνυμαίνω]] (Gortyn, Ti. Locr.) [[to call]], [[to proclaim]]. 2. [[ὀνομάζω]], Dor. Aeol. [[ὀνυμάζω]], aor. [[ὀνομάσαι]], [[ὀνυμάξαι]], often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, <b class="b3">μετ-</b><b class="b2">, `to call (by the name), to name, to enunciate</b> (cf. Jacobsohn KZ 62, 132 ff.) with [[ὀνομασία]] f. [[name]], [[expression]] (Hippias Soph., Pl., Arist.), [[ὀνομαστής]] m. = Lat. nominator (pap. III p), <b class="b3">ὀνομ-αστί</b> (<b class="b3">-εί</b>) [[namely]], [[by name]] (IA.; Schwyzer 623), <b class="b3">-αστικός</b> [[serving for]], [[belonging to naming]] (Pl.; Chantraine Études 132), <b class="b3">ἡ -ικη(πτῶσις</b>) [[casus nominativus]] (Str., gramm.). 3. [[ὀνοματίζω]] [['dispute about names]] (Gal.), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. [[list of names]] (inscr. Thess.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [321] <b class="b2">*h₃neh₃m-n̥</b>, <b class="b2">*h₃nh₃m-n-</b> [[name]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[name]], with Arm. [[anun]] < <b class="b2">*onomn-</b> < <b class="b2">*anomn-</b> (with [[o]] > [[u]] before [[m]]) to be immediately compared; [[anun]] can be both <b class="b2">*h₃nh₃mn</b> and <b class="b2">*h₃neh₃mn</b>; the Greek word must have zero grade, <b class="b2">*h₃nh₃mn</b>. Also Phrygian [[ονομαν]] may have <b class="b3">ο-</b> from <b class="b2">*h₃-</b> (Kortlandt SCauc. 7(1987)63). The [[e]] elsewhere has diff. origin; Alb. [[emër]] (Geg.), [[êmën]] (Tosc.) may be a loan from Latin nomen; for OPr. emmens m. see below on Slavic; the Greek <b class="b3">ἐ-</b> is not well explained, but it may be due to dissim. against the following [[o]] < [[h₃]]; cf. below on Tocharian; the Greek <b class="b2">u-</b>vowel, also in [[ὄνυμα]], <b class="b3">ἀνώνυ-μος</b> a.o., is due to assimilation (cf. Schwyzer 352 with several hypotheses). The other languages have one of the two ablaut-grades: Lat. [[nōmen]] = Skt. <b class="b2">nā́ma</b>, IE <b class="b2">*h₃neh₃mn̥</b>, Germ., e.g. Goth. [[namo]] n., IE <b class="b2">*nh₃mōn-</b>; OFr. [[nomia]], MHG [[be-nuomen]], Dutch [[be-noemen]] (which is an every-day word) have <b class="b2">*h₃neh₃m-</b> again (Beekes, Sprache 33 (1987) 1ff. Diff. again Slav., e.g. OCS [[imę]] (< <b class="b2">*h₃n̥h₃m-</b>), Celt., e.g. OIr. [[ainm]] (from <b class="b2">*anmen-</b> < <b class="b2">*h₃n̥m-</b>), Toch. B [[ñem]], A [[ñom]] (from <b class="b2">*nem-</b>with [[h₁]] from dissim. of the second [[h₃]]?; s. v. Windekens Orbis 11,607 w. lit.). Most complicated is Anatolian: Hitt. <b class="b2">laman-</b> n. (< <b class="b2">*h₃neh₃m-</b> like Latin), with <b class="b2">l-</b> from dissim. and loss of the <b class="b2">h₃-</b>; <b class="b2">lamnii̯a-</b> [[name]] from <b class="b2">*h₃nh₃m-</b>; but Hier. Luw. <b class="b2">adama(n)-za</b> with <b class="b2">a-</b> from [[h₃]]. With [[ὀνομαίνω]] agree in formation Germ., e.g. Goth. [[namnjan]] [[name]], Hitt. <b class="b2">lamnii̯a-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. also Schwyzer Mél. Pedersen 65 on <b class="b3">ὀνομ-αίνω</b>, <b class="b3">-άζω</b>). The orig. <b class="b2">n-</b>stem still clearly seen in <b class="b3">νώνυμν-ος</b> < <b class="b2">*n̥-h₃nh₃mn-</b>; younger is [[ἀνὼνυμος]]. -- Details from several languages w. lit. in WP. 1, 132, Pok. 321, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[nōmen]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">nā́ma</b>, Vasmer s. [[ímja]] etc. Cf. on [[ὄνομαι]].