σίνομαι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to rob, to pillage, to destroy, to damage</b> (ep. Od., Sapph., Ion., X., hell. a. late, also Argos, Crete, Herakleia; Hdt., Hp. also <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; not in Att..<br />Other forms: very rare in aor.: [[ἐσίναντο]] (Hdt.), [[ἐπεσίνατο]] (Nic.), <b class="b3">προσίναντες βλάψαντες</b> H.<br />Dialectal forms: rarely with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">σιν-όδων</b>, <b class="b3">-όδους</b>, <b class="b3">-οντος</b> m. name of a fish (Arist., Dorio a. o.), folketymol. for <b class="b3">συν-</b> σίνομαι (s. Strömberg 45). Unclear however [[σινάμωρος]] approx. <b class="b2">harmful, baneful, wicked, mischievous, sweet-toothed, lustful</b> with <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> (Ion., com., Arist. a. o.); because of the short [[ι]] not to the verb, but to the noun [[σίνος]]; the final fits badly with [[μωρός]], perhaps better to <b class="b3">ἐγχεσί-μωρος</b>, if taken as [[spear-happy]] (cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 272 n. 18).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[σίνος]] n. [[damage]], [[harm]], [[disaster]] (Ion., A., Arist. a. o.) with <b class="b3">ἀ-σινής</b> [[unharmed]], [[harmless]] (λ 110, Sapph., Ion., A., Pl., X., hell. a. late), opposite <b class="b3">ἐπι-σινής</b> (Thphr. a. o.). 2. [[σίντης]] m. [[destroyer]], [[robber]], mostly of beasts of prey, [[thief]] (Il., hell. a. late epic); [[σίντωρ]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Crete IVa, AP; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 123 a. 131); uncertain [[Σίντιες]] m. pl. name of the old population of Lemnos (Hom. a.o.), after Kretschmer Glotta 30, 117 prop. "the robbers" and to be distinguished from the Thracian [[Σιντοι]]. 3. [[Σίνις]], <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> m. name of a mythical robber (B., E., X. a. o.), also appellat. [[robber]], [[destroyer]] (A. Ag. 217 [gener. changed to [[ἶνις]]], Call., Lyc.). 4. [[σιναρός]] [[damaged]] (Hp., as [[ῥυπαρός]] a. o.). 5. [[σινότης]] f. [[damage]], [[flaw]] (gloss.). 6. <b class="b3">ἐπισίνιος ἐπίβουλος</b> H. 7. [[σινόω]] (<b class="b3">προ-</b> σίνομαι) = [[σίνομαι]] (Man., Vett. Val. a. o.) with [[σινωτικός]] [[harmful]] (late). 8. [[σίνδρων]] = [[πονηρός]] (Phot.), also [[slave born of a slave]] (Seleukos ap. Ath.), also as PN; cf. Masson on Hipponax 121 w. n. 3; gen. pl. <b class="b3">σινδρῶν πονηρῶν</b>, [[βλαπτικῶν]] H.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The present [[σίνομαι]] (second. <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; cf. Schwyzer 721) wit generalized length of the [[ι]] (on the unclear [[σίνονται]] Sapph. 26, 4 s. Hamm Gramm. $217a) can be best understood as yotformation <b class="b3">*σίν-ι̯ομαι</b> (Schwyzer 694). If inherited, [[σίνομαι]] must like [[κλίνω]], [[κρίνω]] contain a present-forming [[ν]], which spread not only to the sporadic aoristforms but also to the nouns [[σίνος]], [[σίντης]] a. o. -- Not certainly explained. PGr. <b class="b3">*τϜι-ν-</b> can on itself be connected with [[σής]] (if from <b class="b3">*τϜη</b>[ι̯]<b class="b3">-ς</b>) and with Germ. <b class="b2">Þwi-</b> in OE [[Þwīnan]] [[become weak]], [[disappear]] a. o. (Wood Mod. Phil. 5, 268); apart from the semant. polyinterpretability of the relevant words, there are both for [[σής]] and for [[Þwīnan]] other explanations, s. on [[σής]] and WP. 1, 702 f. (Pok. 1054) w. lit. To be rejected explanations of [[σίνομαι]] in W.-Hofmann s. [[sine]] and [[sonium]]; older lit. in Bq and Lidén IF 19, 351 w. n. 2. -- Cf. [[σιφλός]].