ἐλαία: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">the olive (tree)</b> (Od.), rare [[ἔλαιος]] (m.) <b class="b2">(wild) olive</b> (Pi. Fr. 46, S. Tr. 1197 );<br />Other forms: Att. also [[ἐλάα]], Ion. [[ἐλαίη]]. Cypr. [[ἔλαιϜον]] (Kadmos 3, 1965, 148).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[erawa]], <b class="b2">-wo</b> /[[elaiwa]], <b class="b2">-won</b>/.<br />Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member <b class="b3">ἐλαιο-</b> refers not only to [[ἔλαιον]], but also to [[ἐλαία]], e. g. <b class="b3">ἐλαιό-φυτος</b> [[planted with olives]] (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. <b class="b3">ἄν-ελαιος</b> [[without oil]], [[olives]] (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀγρι-έλαιος</b> = <b class="b3">ἄγριος ἔλαιος</b> (Thpr. usw.), <b class="b3">χαμ-ελαία</b> [[Daphne oleoides]] (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; <b class="b3">γλυκ-έλαιον</b> [[sweet-oil]], <b class="b3">ὑδρ-έλαιον</b> "wateroil", i. e. [[oil mixed with water]] (late).<br />Derivatives: [[ἔλαιον]] n. [[olive-oil]], [[oil in general]] (Il.); on the pair [[ἐλαία]] (<b class="b3">-ος</b>) : [[ἔλαιον]], for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: [[ἐλαΐς]] f., acc. pl. <b class="b3">ἐλᾳ̃δας</b> [[olive-trees]] (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. [[ἐλᾳδιον]] (<b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>) <b class="b2">small olive-tree</b>, also (from [[ἔλαιον]]) [[a little oil]] (Com., pap.); [[ἐλαιών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[thicket of olives]] (LXX, pap. ), [[the olive mountain]] (NT, J.), diminut. [[ἐλαιωνίδιον]] (pap.); [[ἐλαιεύς]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 21f.). Adj. [[ἐλαίϊνος]], [[ἐλάϊνος]] <b class="b2">of olive -wood, belonging to the olive</b> (Il.), <b class="b2">of olive-oil</b> (Orph. L. 717); <b class="b3">-ίνεος</b> <b class="b2">of olive-wood</b> (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of <b class="b3">-ινος</b> and <b class="b3">-εος</b>, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); [[ἐλαϊκός]] [[of olive]] (Aristeas, pap.); [[ἐλαιηρός]] [[regarding oil]] (Hp., Pl., pap.; s. Chantraine 232); [[ἐλαιώδης]] [[oily]] (Hp., Arist.); [[ἐλαιήεις]] [[belonging to the olive]] (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: [[ἐλαΐζω]] [[cultivate olives]] with [[ἐλαιστήρ]], <b class="b3">-τής</b> [[collector of olives]] (Poll.) and [[ἐλαιστήριον]] [[olive-press]] (Mylasa); [[ἐλαιόομαι]] [[be oiled]] (Arist.) with [[ἐλαίωσις]] (Zos. Alch.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Lat. [[olīva]], from Greek, proves a basic <b class="b3">*ἐλαίϜα</b>, with <b class="b3">*ἔλαιϜον</b> to Lat. [[oleum]]. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. [[ewɫ]] [[oil]], which comes together with [[ἐλαία]], [[ἔλαιον]] from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.