ἐλέγχω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v<br />Meaning: 1. [[revile]], [[disgrace]] (Hom.); 2. <b class="b2">cross-exmine, bring to proof, accuse, question</b> (Hdt., Pi., Att.); on the meaning Daux REGr. 55, 252ff.<br />Other forms: [[ἐλέγξαι]] (Il.), fut. [[ἐλέγξω]], aor. pass. [[ἐλεγχθῆναι]] with [[ἐλεγχθήσομαι]], perf. [[ἐλήλεγμαι]], 3. sg. <b class="b3">-γκται</b> (Att.)<br />Derivatives: To 1: [[ἔλεγχος]] n. (as [[ὄνειδος]]) [[revile]], [[disgrace]] (Hom., Hes., Pi.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 263), in plur. also of persons, [[coward]]; in masculine [[ἐλεγχέες]] (Δ 242, Ω 239; but s. Bechtel Lex. s. [[ἐλεγχής]], Frisk GHÅ 41 [1935] : 3, 19f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 137); superlative [[ἐλέγχιστος]] (Hom.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 83f.); from [[ἔλεγχος]] also [[ἐλεγχείη]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 218). - To 2: [[ἔλεγχος]] m. (as [[λόγος]]) [[proof]], [[refutation]], [[inquisition]] (Hdt., Pi., Att.); [[ἔλεγξις]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, NT, Philostr.) with painful [[ἐλεγξῖνος]] (D. L.); [[ἐλεγμός]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, NT); [[ἐλεγκτήρ]] [[who proves]] (Antipho; Ionisch?, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 52); [[ἐλεγκτικός]] <b class="b2">good for ἐλέγχειν, prepared for</b> (Att. etc.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [676] <b class="b2">*h₁lengʰ-</b> <b class="b2">revile?</b><br />Etymology: Uncertain. Since Pott often connected with [[ἐλαχύς]], but this is as often denied, s. Osthoff MU 6, 7ff. Semantically the connection is quite possible: cf. NHG. [[schmähen]], MHG. [[smæhen]] [[disgrace]], OHG [[smāhen]] [[make small]], from [[smāhi]] [[small]]; also NHG [[Schmach]], MHG [[smāhe]], [[smæhe]] [[revile]]. Phonetically the etymology implies, that [[ἐλέγχω]] for <b class="b3">*ἐλέμφω</b> (idg. <b class="b2">*h₁lengʷʰ-</b>) has its [[χ]] from [[ἐλαχύς]], [[ἐλάσσων]] (< <b class="b3">*ἐλάχ-ι̯ων</b>), [[ἐλάχιστος]]. The verb [[ἐλέγχω]] would be identical with Av. <b class="b2">rǝnǰaiti</b> [[makes light]]. - Or with Fick 1, 537 to Latv. [[langāt]] [[revile]], also OHG OS. [[lahan]] [[revile]] a. o.; acc. to Sturtevant Comp. gr.1 89, 2 58 to Hitt. [[lingazi]], <b class="b2">li(n)kzi</b> [[swear]]. Pok. 676 recalls Nur. [[lang]] [[shame]], [[deceit]], [[treason]].