ἔπειτα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. and Dor. ἔπειτε( ν) ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), Adv., (ἐπί, εἶτα): <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of mere Sequence, without any notion of cause, [[thereupon]], [[thereafter]], [[then]], freq. from Hom. downwds., as <span class="bibl">Il.1.48</span>, <span class="bibl">2.169</span>, etc.: when in strong opposition to the former act or state, with past tenses, <b class="b2">thereafter, afterwards;</b> with future, [[hereafter]], ἢ πέφατ' ἢ καὶ ἔ. πεφήσεται <span class="bibl">Il.15.140</span>; opp. <b class="b3">αὐτίκα νῦν</b>, <span class="bibl">23.551</span>; <b class="b3">ὃς δ' ἔπειτ' ἔφυ</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὅστις πάροιθεν ἦν</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>171</span> (lyr.): in Hom.freq. with other Advs., αὐτίκ' ἔ. <span class="bibl">Il.5.214</span>; <b class="b3">αἶψα, ὦκα ἔ</b>., <span class="bibl">24.783</span>, <span class="bibl">18.527</span>; even ἔνθα . . ἔ. <span class="bibl">Od.10.297</span>; δὴ ἔ. <span class="bibl">8.378</span>: usually with reference to a former act, [[just then]], [[at the time]], <span class="bibl">1.106</span>; freq. in narrative, πρῶτα μὲν... αὐτὰρ ἔ. <span class="bibl">Il.16.497</span>; <b class="b3">πρῶτον μέν .</b>., followed by <b class="b3">ἔ. δέ .</b>., <span class="bibl">Th.2.55</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>, etc.; by [[ἔ]]. alone, <span class="bibl">Th.1.33</span>, etc.; by <b class="b3">ἔ. δέ . . ἔ. δέ . . ἔ . .</b>., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.14</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δέ . . ἔ… ἔ… ἔ. δέ</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">8.3.24</span>, al.; πρὶν μέν... ἔ. δέ . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>724</span>; ἔ. γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>147c</span>, etc., [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 556</span>; [[κἄπειτα]], freq. in Trag., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">305</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. Art., <b class="b3">τὸ ἔ</b>. [[what follows]], τό τ' ἔ. καὶ τὸ μέλλον καὶ τὸ πρίν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>611</span> (lyr.); τά τε πρῶτα, τά τ' ἔ., ὅσα τ' ἔμελλε τυχεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1265</span> (lyr.); οἱ ἔ. [[future generations]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>672</span>; ὁ ἔ. βίος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>116a</span>; εἰς τὸν ἔ. χρόνον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>39e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.9</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>90.43 (Rosetta, ii B.C.); ἡ ἐς τὸ ἔ. δόξα <span class="bibl">Th.2.64</span>; ἐν τῷ ἔ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>67d</span>; ἐκ τοῦ ποτὲ εἰς τὸ ἔ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prm.</span> 152b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> like [[εἶτα]], with a finite Verb after a participle, <b class="b3">μειδήσασα δ' ἔ. ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο κόλπῳ</b> she smiled and [[then]] placed it in her bosom, <span class="bibl">Il.14.223</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.730</span>, etc.: freq. in Trag. and Att., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>267</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>29</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>82c</span>: so freq. when part. and Verb are opposed, marking surprise or the like, [[and then]], [[and yet]], [[nevertheless]], τὸ μητρὸς αἷμα . . ἐκχέας πέδοι ἔ. δώματ' οἰκήσει πατρός; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>654</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">438</span>; χὤταν ἐν κακοῖσί τις ἁλοὺς ἔ. τοῦτο καλλύνειν θέλῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>496</span>; ὅστις ἀνθρώπου φύσιν βλαστὼν ἔ. μὴ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>761</span>; εἰ πτωχὸς ὢν ἔπειτ' ἐν Ἀθηναίοις λέγειν μέλλω <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>498</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>29</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>519e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>319d</span>: adversatively, answering μέν, πολλάκις μὲν ὥρμα... ἔ… διεκωλύετο <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>336b</span>; ἔτι μὲν ἐνεχείρησα... ἔ… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310c</span>, etc.; also [[κἄπειτα]] after a part., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>624</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>536</span>; cf. εἶτα <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in apodosi (never at the beginning of the clause; in Hom. freq. strengthened by other Particles): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> after a Temporal Conj., [[then]], [[thereafter]], <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δὴ σφαίρῃ πειρήσαντο, ὀρχείσθην δὴ ἔ</b>. when they had done playing at ball, [[then]] they danced, <span class="bibl">Od.8.378</span>; after [[ἐπεί]], <span class="bibl">Il.16.247</span>; ἐπὴν . . δὴ ἔ. <span class="bibl">Od.11.121</span>; [[ὁπότε]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.545</span>; [[ὅτε]], <span class="bibl">3.223</span>; ὡς . . ἄρ' ἔ. <span class="bibl">10.522</span>; ἦμος . . καὶ τότ' ἔ. <span class="bibl">1.478</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after a Conditional Conj., [[then surely]], <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἐτεὸν δὴ . . ἀγορεύεις, ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔ. θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν</b> if thou speakest sooth, [[then of a surety]] have the gods infatuated thee, <span class="bibl">7.360</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.453</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.290</span>, etc.; so after [[ἤν]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.394</span>; also when the apodosis takes the form of a question, <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γε κελεύετέ μ' αὐτὸν ἑλέσθαι, πῶς ἂν ἔ. Ὀδυσῆος λαθοίμην;</b> how can I <b class="b2">in such a case?</b> <span class="bibl">10.243</span>; when a condition is implied in relat. Pron., [[ὃν]]( = [[εἴ τινα]]) μέν κ' ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν, οὔ τις ἔ. τόν γ' εἴσεται <span class="bibl">1.547</span>; [[ὃν]]( = [[εἴ τινα]]) δέ κ' ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε μάχης ἐθέλοντα νοήσω μιμνάζειν, οὔ οἱ ἔ. ἄρκιον ἐσσεῖται <span class="bibl">2.392</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of Sequence in thought, i.e. Consequence or Inference, [[then]], [[therefore]], ξεῖν', ἐπεὶ ἂρ δὴ ἔ… μενεαίνεις <span class="bibl">Od.17.185</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.15.49</span>, <span class="bibl">18.357</span>; οὐ σύ γ' ἔ. Τυδέος ἔκγονός ἐσσι <span class="bibl">5.812</span>; rarely at the beginning, ἔπειθ' ἑλοῦ γε θάτερα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>345</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in telling a story, <b class="b3">νῆσος ἔ. τις ἔστι</b> [[now]], there is an island, <span class="bibl">Od.4.354</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.116</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in Att. freq. to introduce emphatic questions, <b class="b2">why then . . ?</b> ἔ. τοῦ δέει; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>827</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>188</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>226</span>; mostly to express surprise, or to sneer, <b class="b2">and so forsooth . .? and so really . .?</b> <b class="b3">ἔ. οὐκ οἴει φροντίζειν [τοὺς θεοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων</b>]; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.11</span>; so κἄπειτα <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>1398</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>126</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>963</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.2</span>; freq. with [[δῆτα]] added, ἔ. δῆτα δοῦλος ὢν κόμην ἔχεις; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>911</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1217</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>985</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>822</span>.</span>