δαίμων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ονος, voc. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[δαίμων]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1480</span> (lyr.), [[δαῖμον]] <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.11</span>, ὁ, ἡ, [[god]], [[goddess]], of [[individual]] [[god]]s or [[goddess]]es, <span class="bibl">Il.1.222</span>, <span class="bibl">3.420</span>, etc.; δαίμονι [[ἶσος]] <span class="bibl">5.438</span>; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων, of [[Φιλίη]] and [[Νεῖκος]], <span class="bibl">Emp. 59.1</span> :—but more freq. of the [[divine]] [[power]] (while [[θεός]] denotes a [[God]] in person), the [[deity]], cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.27</span>; [[πρὸς δαίμονα]] = [[against the divine power]], <span class="bibl">Il.17.98</span>; [[σὺν δαίμονι]] = [[by god's grace]], <span class="bibl">11.792</span>; [[κατὰ δαίμονα]], [[almost]], = [[τύχῃ]], [[by chance]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.111</span>; τύχᾳ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.67</span>; [[ἄμαχος]] δαίμων., i. e. [[destiny]], <span class="bibl">B.15.23</span>: in plural, [[ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν]], [[what the Gods ordain]], <span class="bibl">Id.16.117</span>; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δ. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1443</span>; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. <span class="bibl">Lys. 13.63</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.111</span>; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ [[συντυχία]]ν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>544</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the [[power controlling the destiny of individuals]]: hence, one's [[lot]] or [[fortune]], δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. <span class="bibl">Od.5.396</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.64</span>; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή <span class="bibl">11.61</span>; [[δαίμονα δώσω]] = [[I will deal thee fate]], i.e. [[I will kill thee]], I<span class="bibl">1.8.166</span>; freq. in Trag. of [[good fortune]] or [[ill fortune]], ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>601</span>; δ. ἀσινής <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1342</span> (lyr.); κοινός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>812</span>; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>76</span>; δαίμονος σκληρότης <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.4</span>; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.4.6</span>; personified as the [[good genius]] or [[evil genius]] of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1569</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1194</span> (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Lond.</span>121.505, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>9.1</span>; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς <span class="bibl">Lys.2.78</span>; ἅπαντι δαίμων ἀνδρὶ [[συμπαρίστημι|συμπαρίσταται]] εὐθὺς γενομένῳ [[μυσταγωγός|μυσταγωγὸς]] τοῦ βίου = a [[spirit]] [[assist]]s every man from [[birth]] to be the [[leader]] of his [[life]] <span class="bibl">Men.16.2</span> D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id.8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>69</span>; ὁ σὸς δ. [[κακός]] ibid.; ὀμνύω δέ σοι τὸν βασιλέως δαίμονα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Art.</span>15</span>; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>112a37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[δαίμονες]], [[οἱ]],</b> [[souls of men of the golden age]], acting as tutelary deities, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 122</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.1348</span>, <span class="bibl">Phoc.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.115.5</span>, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>392a</span>: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ' οἷος ἔησθα τὸ [[ἐργάζεσθαι]] ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>314</span>; τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε, of the deified [[Darius]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>620</span>; ῦν δ' ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ., of Alcestis, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1003</span> (lyr.), cf.<span class="title">IG</span>12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of [[departed souls]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Luct.</span>24</span>; [[δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν]], = [[Dis Manibus]], IG14.1683; so θεοὶ δ., ib.938, al.: also, [[ghost]], <span class="bibl">Paus.6.6.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[spiritual being]] or [[semi-divine being]] inferior to the Gods, Plu.2.415a, al., <span class="bibl">Sallust.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>183</span>, etc.; esp. [[evil spirit]], [[demon]], Ev.Matt.8.31, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>8.2.5</span>; φαῦλοι δ. <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>2.46</span>; δαίμονος [[ἔσοδος]] εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.4</span>; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1227. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἀγαθὸς δαίμων]] = the [[Good Genius]] to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>525</span>, <span class="bibl">Nicostr.Com.20</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.4.3</span>, Plu.2.655e, Philonid. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.15.675b</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.9.39.5</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of [[Nero]], ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης <span class="title">OGI</span>666.3; of the Nile, ἀ. δ. ποταμός ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary [[genius]] of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου <span class="title">SIG</span>1044.9 (Halic.): pl., δαίμονες ἀ., = Lat. [[Di Manes]], <span class="title">SIG</span>1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., [[ἀγαθός]], [[κακός]] δαίμων, names of [[celestial]] [[κλῆροι]], Paul.Al.<span class="title">N.</span>4, <span class="title">O.</span>1, etc. (Less correctly written [[Ἀγαθοδαίμων]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> = [[δαήμων]], [[knowing]], [[δαίμων μάχης]] = [[skilled in fight]], <span class="bibl">Archil.3.4</span>. (<span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>398b</span>, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write [[δαήμονες]] in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however [[αἵμων]]. More probably the [[root]] of [[δαίμων]] ([[deity]]) is [[δαίω]] = to [[distribute]] destinies; cf. <span class="bibl">Alcm.48</span>.)</span>

|ftr='''δαίμων''': -ονος<br />{daímōn}<br />'''Grammar''': m. f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[göttliche Macht]], [[Geschick]], [[Gott]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Zahlreiche Ableitungen. Adjektiva: 1. [[δαιμόνιος]] ‘zum δ. gehörig, vom Geschick, von Gott gesandt’ (seit Il.); zu δαιμόνιε als Anrede s. die Monographie von E. Brunius-Nilsson Δαιμόνιε. Diss. Uppsala 1955; n. [[δαιμόνιον]] [[göttliche Macht]], "Daimonion" (ion. att.); 2. [[δαιμονικός]] ib. (Plu.); 3. [[δαιμονιακός]] ib. (''PMag''. ''Osl''. 1, 143; nach [[κυριακός]] u. a.); 4. [[δαιμονιώδης]] ‘einem δ. gleich’ (''Ep''. ''Jac''., Prokl. u. a.). — Seltene und späte Femininbildungen: [[δαιμονίς]] (Prokl., Herm.) und δαιμόνισσα (''PMag''. ''Leid''. ''W''. 16, 48); vgl. [[βασιλίς]], [[βασίλισσα]]. — Fragliche Abstraktbildung δαιμονή (Alkm. 69?, A. ''Eu''. 727?), s. die Lit. bei Schwyzer 524. — Denominative Verba: 1. [[δαιμονάω]] ‘von einem δ. heimgesucht werden, besessen sein’ (A., E., X. usw.), 2. [[δαιμονιάω]] ib. (Phld.), 3. [[δαιμονητιᾷ]]· δαιμονίζεται. Κρῆτες H., nach den Krankheitsverba auf -άω, -ιάω und -ητιάω (Schwyzer 731f.); 4. [[δαιμονίζομαι]] ib. (Philem., NT usw.) mit [[δαιμονισμός]] (Vett. Val.), [[vergöttert werden]] (S. ''Fr''. 173, H.); 5. [[δαιμονιάζομαι]] = [[δαιμονιάω]] (Pap.). — Oft als 2. Glied von Komposita: 1. Bahuvrihi (βαρυ-, [[δυσ-]], εὐ- [παν-, τρισ-, ὑπερ-], ἐχθρο-, ἰσο-, κακο-[τρισ-], κοιλιο-, ὀλβιο-, ὁμο-, [[φιλο-]]); 2. Substantiva (ἀγαθο- [[guter Geist]], ἀνθρωπο- ‘verg?ttlichter, Mensch’, [[ἀρχι-]] [[Oberdämon]], αὐτο- [[urbildlicher Dämon]], βροτο- [[Halbgott]] H., θεο- [[niedre Gottheit]], νεκυ- [[Totengeist]], νεκυο- [[Totengott]], πλανο- [[Truggeist]], τυραννο- [[Übertyrann]], φυγαδο- alchemistische Bez. des Quecksilbers); dazu komische Augenblicksbildungen (βλεπε-, κρονο-, νακο-, σορο-, τρυγο-); 3. Rektionskomposita (ἀ)δεισι-.<br />'''Etymology''' : Zu [[δαίομαι]] (s. d.), u. zw. wahrscheinlich im Sinn von [[Verteiler]], [[Zuteiler]] (vgl. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 363); vgl. insbesondere apers. ''baga''-, aksl. ''bogъ'' [[Gott]] neben aw. ''baga''- [[Anteil]], [[Los]], aind. ''bhága''- ‘Anteil, Los, Geschick; Zuteiler, Herr’, zu ''bhájati'' ‘(zu)teilen’. Nach Porzig IF 41, 169ff. dagegen eig. "Zerreißer, Fresser (der Leichen)" als urspr. Totengott, was sich indessen mit der tatsächlichen Bedeutung von [[δαίμων]] schwer vereinigen läßt. Abzulehnen v. Windekens Le Muséon 63, 104ff. ("pelasgisch"). — Ausführlich über [[δαίμων]] Nilsson Gr. Rel.² 1, 216ff. Über die Bedeutungsentwicklung in neuerer Zeit ([[Dämon]] usw.) s. auch Chantraine Aspects du vocabulaire grec et de sa survivance en français. Paris 1954 (Institut de France 1954 : 19).<br />'''Page''' 1,340-341