ξένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, Ep. and Ion. [[ξεῖνος]] (also freq. in <span class="bibl">Pi., <span class="title">N.</span>7.61</span>, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>33</span>, al., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>798</span> codd., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>247</span>), Aeol. ξέννος Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.302</span>; scanned and written [[ξεῖνος]] in <span class="bibl">Theoc.28.6</span>, <span class="bibl">30.17</span> : Aeol. Sup. [[ξεννότατος]] Sch. Tz. in <span class="title">An. Ox.</span> 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.). <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[guest-friend]], applied to persons and states bound by a [[treaty]] or [[tie]] of [[hospitality]], <span class="bibl">Od.1.313</span>, etc.; ξεῖνοι δὲ… εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος <span class="bibl">15.196</span>; ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός <span class="bibl">Il.6.215</span>; ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι <span class="bibl">Od.1.187</span>; φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι <span class="bibl">17.522</span>; later freq. coupled with φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος <span class="bibl">D.21.110</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.46</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 19.19</span>; βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>78d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of parties giving or receiving hospitality, <span class="bibl">Od.8.145</span>, etc.; mostly of the [[guest]], opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ [[ξεῖνος]] ib.<span class="bibl">543</span>, etc.; ἁ ξείνα = the [[visitor]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.154</span>; of [[guest]]s at a club, opp. [[σύνδειπνος|σύνδειπνοι]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>118.4</span> (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the [[host]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.532</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.1.208</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>16.23</span>, etc. : c. dat., ξεῖνός τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.20</span>,<span class="bibl">22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, etc.; also ξ. τινός ib. <span class="bibl">2.4.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[stranger]], esp. [[wanderer]], [[refugee]] (under the protection of [[Ζεὺς ξένιος]]), sometimes coupled with ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος <span class="bibl">Od.9.270</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.546</span>; with πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε <span class="bibl">6.208</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[stranger]], [[foreigner]], opp. [[ἔνδημος]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>225</span>; opp. [[ἀστός]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.90</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.10</span>, etc.; πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>1.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>924</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 473d</span>, etc.; opp. [[ἐπιχώριος]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>94d</span>: coupled with [[μέτοικος]], <span class="bibl">Th. 4.90</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.39.53; with [[ἔπηλυς]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>24</span>; opp. a member of the family, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>169.10</span> (vi A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> as a term of address to any [[stranger]], ὦ ξένε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>247</span>, <span class="bibl">Mosch.1.5</span>, etc.; ὦ ξένη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 204c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> = [[βάρβαρος]], at Sparta, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.11</span>,<span class="bibl">55</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[hireling]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.102</span>; esp. [[mercenary]] [[soldier]], IG12.949.89, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.152</span>, etc.; ξ. ναυβάται <span class="bibl">Th.1.121</span> : rarely simply, [[ally]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 12.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> as adjective ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>94</span>), Ion. ξεῖνος, η, ον, [[foreign]], not in Hom. (in the phrases ξεῖνε πάτερ <span class="bibl">Od.7.28</span>, ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι <span class="bibl">Il.24.202</span>, both words are Subst.); freq. in later writers, ξείνα γαῖα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.118</span> codd.; ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1256</span>; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. <span class="bibl">1705</span> (lyr., cf. [[ξένη]]); [[ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί]] = by [[foreign]] [[hand]]s, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span>; ξ. δόμοι, [[πόλις]], etc., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>339</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">369</span>, etc.; of [[alien]] property, ξ. ἄρουραι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>295.22</span> (vi A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. rei, [[strange to]] a thing, [[unacquainted]] with, [[ignorant]] of it, ξ. τοῦ λόγου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>219</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>4.3a.37 (Agath.); ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>2.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>405.12</span> (iv A. D.). Adv. [[ξένως]], ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως = I am a [[stranger]] to the mode of [[speech]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span>; ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου <span class="bibl">Them. <span class="title">Or.</span>21.253c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[strange]], [[unusual]], λόγοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>688</span> (lyr.); τιμωρίαι <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.104d</span>; ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1415a7</span>; οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>266</span>; τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1336b34</span>; ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι <span class="bibl">D.S.3.15</span>; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος I <span class="title">Ep.Pet.</span>4.12; διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>13.9</span>; ξ. δαιμόνια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>17.18</span> : Sup., πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.<span class="title">Herc.</span>1251.5; ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span>13</span>, etc. Adv. ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.<span class="title">P</span>0.5.12. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> τοῦ πνεύματος… ῥύσις ὡς ξενωτάτη = [[air]] as [[fresh]] as [[possible]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Hom.</span>9</span>. (From [[ξένϝος]], cf. [[πρόξενϝος]] <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).867, [[Ξενϝάρης]] ib.869, [[Ξενϝοκλῆς]], [[Ξένϝων]], ib.4.315,348 : hence it is improb. that the Aeol. form was [[ξέννος]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[foreigner]], [[guest]], [[guestfriend]], [[host]] (Il.), [[mercenary]], [[soldier]] (ξ 102, Att.); [[ξένη]] (scil. [[γυνή]], [[γῆ]]) f. [[the foreign]], [[foreign country]] (trag., X.); adj. [[foreign]] (posthom.).<br />Other forms: ep. Ion. poet. [[ξεῖνος]], Dor. [[ξένϜος]] (in Cor. [[ΞενϜοκλῆς]], Corc. El. [[ΞενϜάρης]]), [[ξῆνος]] (Cyr. [[Φιλόξηνος]]), (hyper)Aeol. [[ξέννος]] (Hdn.; vgl. Schwyzer 228), (?),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[kesenuwo]] /[[ksenwos]]/<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ξενο-</b>, <b class="b3">ξεινο-δόκος</b> m. [[receiving foreigners]], [[guests]], [[host]] (Il.), <b class="b3">φιλό-ξε(ι)νος</b> [[loving guests]], [[hospitable]] (Od.; on the verbal function of the 1. element Schwyzer 442), [[πρόξενος]], Corc. [[πρόξενϜος]] m. [[deputy guest]], [[state guest]] (posthom.; Risch IF 59, 38 f.); on [[Εὔξεινος]] ([[πόντος]]) s. v.<br />Derivatives: A. Adj. 1. [[ξένιος]], [[ξείνιος]] [[regarding the foreigner]], <b class="b3">τὰ ξε(ί)νια</b> [[gust-gifts]] (Il.; Myc. [[kesenuwija]]); 2. younger <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (IA.; Chantraine Études, s. Index); 3. [[ξεινήϊος]] in <b class="b3">τὰ ξεινήϊα</b> (<b class="b3">τὸ ξ-ον</b>) = <b class="b3">τὰ ξείνια</b> (Hom.), after [[πρεσβήϊα]] (Risch ̨ 46); 4. [[ξενόεις]] [[full of foreigners]] (E. in lyr.). B. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. [[guest-friendship]], [[guest-right]] (since [[ω]]); 2. [[ξεινοσύνη]] f. [[hospitality]] (φ 35; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 26); 3. [[ξενών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[guest-room]], [[-house]] (E., Pl.; cf. H.Bolkestein [[Ξενών]] [MAWNeth. 84 B : 3] 1937); <b class="b3">ξενῶνες οἱ ἀνδρῶνες ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν</b> H.; after Pisani AnFilCl 6, 211ff. to the family of [[χθών]](?); 4. [[ξενίς]], <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[road leading into foreign countries]] (Delph. IIa); 5. [[ξενίδιον]] n. [[small guesthous]] (pap. IIIp); 6. <b class="b3">ξεν-ύδριον</b> (Men.), <b class="b3">-ύλλιον</b> (Plu.) depreciatory dimin. of [[ξένος]] (Chantraine Form. 73 f.). C. Verbs. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίζω</b> [[receive guestly]], [[hospitalize]] (Il.), also [[wonder]] (hell.) with [[ξένισις]] f. [[hospitality]] (Th.), [[ξενισμός]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl., inscr., Luc.), also [[wonder]], [[innovation]] (Plb., D. S., Dsc.); [[ξενιστής]] m. [[host]] (sch.). 2. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νόομαι</b> <b class="b2">accept s.body as a guest</b> (Pi., IA.), also <b class="b2">live in foreign country, go in ..</b> (S., E.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[embessle]] (Hld.); [[ξένωσις]] f. [[residence abroad]] (E. HF 965; cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.). 3. [[ξενιτεύομαι]] [[serve as soldier abroad]] (Isoc., Antiph.), <b class="b3">-ω</b> [[live abroad]] (Timae. Hist., J.); after [[πολιτεύομαι]], <b class="b3">-ω</b> : [[πολίτης]] : [[πόλις]] (Georgacas Glotta 36, 173); <b class="b3">ξενιτ-εία</b> f. [[mercenary]], [[live abroad]] (Democr., LXX), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. [[who lives abroad]] (VIp).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Isolated. The semantic agreement with the old word for [[foreigner]], [[guest]] in Lat. [[hostis]] m. [[foreigner]], [[enemy]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[gasts]] [[guest]], OCS [[gostь]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, IE <b class="b2">*ghosti-s</b>, led to attempts, to connect them also formally, which is possible omly with a mechanic and arbitrary analysis: <b class="b3">*ξ-εν-Ϝος</b> to a sero grade and nasalized present <b class="b2">*ghs-en-u̯ō</b> (Brugmann IF 1, 172ff.; s also Schwyzer 329 and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30). Other explanations, also to be rejected, in Bq, WP. 1, 640f., W.-Hofmann s. [[hostis]]. -- Jokl (IF 37, 93, after Pedersen) wants to find a lengthened grade <b class="b2">*ghsēn-</b> in Alb. [[huai]] [[foreign]]. Very uncertein Newphryg. voc. [[ξευνε]]; on it with a Illyrian hypothesis v. Blumenthal Glotta 20, 288. Is it Pre-Greek?

|ftr='''ξένος''': {ksénos}<br />'''Forms''': ep. ion. poet. [[ξεῖνος]], dor. ξένϝος (in kor. Ξενϝοκλῆς, kork. el. Ξενϝάρης u.a.), ξῆνος (kyr. Φιλόξηνος u.a.), (hyper)äol. ξέννος (Hdn.; vgl. Schwyzer 228), myk. ''ke''-''se''-''nu''-''wo'' (?),<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Fremdling]], [[Gast]], [[Gastfreund]], [[Wirt]] (seit Il.), [[Mietling]], [[Söldner]] (ξ 102, att.); [[ξένη]] (scil. [[γυνή]], γῆ) f. [[die Fremde]], [[Ausländerin]], [[fremdes Land]] (Trag., X. usw.); Adj. [[fremd]], [[ausländisch]] (nachhom.).<br />'''Composita''' : Viele Kompp., z.B. ξενο-, [[ξεινοδόκος]] m. [[Fremde]], [[Gäste aufnehmend]], [[Wirt]] (seit Il.), φιλόξε(ι)νος [[Gäste liebend]], [[gastfrei]] (seit Od.; zur verbalen Funktion des Vorderglieds Schwyzer 442), [[πρόξενος]], kork. πρόξενϝος m. [[stellvertretender Gastfreund]], [[Staatsgastfreund]] (nachhom.; Risch IF 59, 38 f. m. weiteren Einzelheiten); zu Εὔξεινος ([[πόντος]]) s. bes.<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. A. Adj. 1. [[ξένιος]], [[ξείνιος]] ‘den Fremdling usw. betreffend’, τὰ ξε(ί)νια ‘Gastgeschenke (seit Il.; myk. ''ke''-''se''-''nu''-''wi''-''ja'' ?); 2. jünger ξε(ι)νικός ib. (ion. att.; Chantraine Études, s. Index); 3. [[ξεινήϊος]] in τὰ ξεινήϊα (τὸ ξον) = τὰ ξείνια (Hom.), nach πρεσβήϊα (Risch ̨ 46); 4. [[ξενόεις]] [[voll von Fremden]] (E. in lyr.). B. Subst. 1. ξε(ι)νίη, -ία f. [[Gastfreundschaft]], [[Gastrecht]] (seit ω); 2. [[ξεινοσύνη]] f. [[Gastlichkeit]] (φ 35; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss -συνη 26); 3. [[ξενών]], -ῶνος m. ‘Gastzimmer, -haus’ (E., Pl. u.a.; vgl. H. Bolkestein Ξενών [MAWNied. 84 B : 3] 1937); ξενῶνες· οἱ ἀνδρῶνες ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν H.; nach Pisani AnFilCl 6, 211ff. zur Sippe von [[χθών]](?); 4. [[ξενίς]], -ίδος f. [[in das Ausland führende Straße]] (Delph. II^a); 5. [[ξενίδιον]] n. [[Gasthäuschen]] (Pap. III^p); 6. [[ξενύδριον]] (Men.), -ύλλιον (Plu.) herabsetzende Demin. von [[ξένος]] (Chantraine Form. 73 f.). C. Verba. 1. ξε(ι)[[νίζω]] [[gastlich aufnehmen]], [[bewirten]] (seit Il.), auch [[befremden]] (hell. u. sp.) mit [[ξένισις]] f. [[gastliche Aufnahme]] (Th.), [[ξενισμός]] m. ib. (Pl., Inschr.. Luk. u.a.), auch [[Befremdung]], [[Neuerung]] (Plb., D. S., Dsk. u.a.); [[ξενιστής]] m. [[Gastwirt]] (Sch.). 2. ξε(ι)νόομαι ‘sich gastfreundlich mit jmdm. verbinden, gastlich aufgenommen werden od. aufnehmen’ (Pi., ion. att.), auch [[in der Fremde leben]], [[in die Fremde gehen]] (S., E.), -όω ‘entfremden, jemanden einer Sache herauben’ (Hld.); davon [[ξένωσις]] f. [[Aufenthalt in der Fremde]] (E. ''HF'' 965; vgl. v. Wilamowitz z. St.). 3. ξενιτεύομαι [[als Söldner in der Fremde dienen]] (Isok., Antiph.), -ω [[m der Fremde leben]] (Timae. Hist., J. usw.); nach πολιτεύομαι, -ω : [[πολίτης]] : [[πόλις]] u.a. (Georgacas Glotta 36, 173); davon [[ξενιτεία]] f. [[Söldnerschaft]], [[Leben in der Fremde]] (Demokr., [[LXX]] u.a.), -ευτής m. ‘der in d. Fremde lebt’ (VI^p).<br />'''Etymology''' : Isoliert. Die semantische Übereinstimmung mit dem alten Wort für [[Fremdling]], [[Gast]] in lat. ''hostis'' m. [[Fremdling]], [[Feind]], germ., z.B. got. ''gasts'' [[Gast]], aksl. ''gostь'' ib., idg. *''ghosti''-''s'', hat zu Versuchen geführt, sie auch formal miteinander zusammenzubringen, was indessen nur bei einer mechanischen und willkürlichen Zerlegung möglich ist: *ξενϝος zu einem schwundstufigen und nasalerweiterten Präsens *''ghs''-''en''-''u̯ō'' (Brugmann IF 1, 172ff. m. Lit.; dazu noch Schwyzer 329 und Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30). Andere, ebenfalls abzulehnende Erklärungen bei Bq, WP. 1, 640f., W.-Hofmann s. ''hostis''. — Ein dehnstufiges ''ghsēn''- will Jokl IF 37, 93 (nach Pedersen u.a.) in alb. ''huai'' [[fremd]] wiederfinden. Sehr unsicher neuphryg. Vok. ξευνε; darü-ber mit einer illyrischen Hypothese v. Blumenthal Glotta 20, 288.<br />'''Page''' 2,333-334