πατήρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, gen. and dat. [[πατέρος]], [[πατέρι]] in Ep. and Lyr., Att. [[πατρός]], [[πατρί]] (which is also the commoner form in Hom., Hes., and Pi.); acc. always [[πατέρα]]; voc. [[πάτερ]] : pl. [[πατέρες]], [[πατέρας]], [[πατέρων]] ([[πατρῶν]] only Od.4.687, 8.245); dat. [[πατράσι]] [ᾰ] (cf. Skt. loc. pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> pitṛṣu, no dat. pl. occurs in Hom. or Hes.), late Ep. πατέρεσσι Q.S.10.40 :— [[father]], Il.1.98, etc.; [[πατρὸς πατήρ]] = [[grandfather]], 14.118, Od.19.180, X.HG6.3.4, etc.; τοῦδε κεκλῆσθαι πατρός S.Fr.86; μητρὸς καλεῖσθαι παῖδα τοῦ πατρός [[παρόν]] ib.564; [[τὰ πρὸς πατρός]] = [[by the father's side]], Hdt.7.99, cf. SIG1015.7 (Halic.), etc.; especially of God, the [[father]] of the [[Israelite]]s, LXXDe.32.6, al.; [[father]] of men, Ev.Matt. 6.8, al.; [[father]] of Jesus Christ, ib.7.21,al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> esp. as [[epithet]] of Zeus, πατὴρ [[Ζεύς]], πατὴρ [[Κρονίδης]], [[πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε]], Il.4.235, 21.508, 1.544, al.; [[Ζεὺς π]]. A.Th. 512, etc.; Ζεῦ πάτερ καὶ θεοί Ar.Ach.225;  πατέρ' Οὐρανιδᾶν Ζῆνα  Pi.P.4.194; ὁ τῶν ἁπάντων Ζεὺς πατὴρ [[Ὀλύμπιος]] S.Tr.275, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself, ξεὶνε πάτερ Od.7.28,48,8.145, cf. POxy. 1296.15 (iii A. D.), etc.; in addressing an elder brother, UPZ65.3 (ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., [[father]], [[author]], ἀοιδᾶν π… [[εὐαίνητος]] [[Ὀρφεύς]] Pi.P.4.176; [[χρόνος]] ὁ πάντων [[πατήρ]] Id.O.2.17, cf. Pl.Ti.41a; τοῦ λόγου πατήρ Id.Smp. 177d, cf. Phdr.257b, etc.; [[ὁ πατὴρ τῶν φώτων]], i.e. [[God]], the [[father]] of the [[star]]s, Ep.Jac.1.17; [[οἱ πατέρες τῶν ἀτόμων]] = the [[author]]s of the [[atomic]] [[theory]], Gal.1.246; of [[capital]], τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκγόνους τόκους Pl.R.555e.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[title]] of a [[grade]] in the mysteries of [[Mithras]], IG14.1272, etc.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[πατὴρ πατρίδος]], = Lat. [[pater patriae]], Plu.Cic.23, BGU1074.1 (i A. D.), IG7.2713.33 (Acraeph., i A. D.), etc.; similarly, [[πατὴρ τῆς πόλεως]] = [[curator]] [[ciuitatis]], [[pater]] [[ciuitatis]] ib.5(1).1417.11 (Methone).<br><span class="bld">VII</span> in plural, [[πατέρες]] <br><span class="bld">1</span> [[forefathers]], Il.6.209, etc.; [[ἐξέτι πατρῶν]] = [[from our fathers' time]], Od.8.245; ἐκ πατέρων Pi.P.8.45.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[parents]], D.S.21.17, Alciphr.3.40, Epigr.Gr.227 (Teos).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[parent]] [[nation]], opp. [[colonist]]s, Hdt.7.51, 8.22, Plu.Them.9. (Cf. Skt. pitár-, Lat. [[pater]], etc.)

|txtha=(from the [[root]], pa; [[literally]], nourisher, [[protector]], [[upholder]]; ([[Curtius]], § 348)), πατρός, πατρί, πατέρα, vocative πάτερ (for [[which]] the nominative ὁ [[πατήρ]] is [[five]] times used, and (anarthrous) [[πατήρ]] in T Tr WH, 24,25 L T Tr WH; cf. B. § 129,5; Winer's Grammar, § 29,2; WH's Appendix, p. 158), plural πατέρες, πατέρων, πατρασι (πατέρας, ὁ (from Homer down), the Sept. for אָב, a [[father]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], equivalent to generator or [[male]] [[ancestor]], and [[either]] a. the nearest [[ancestor]]: οἱ πατέρες τῆς σαρκός, [[fathers]] of the [[corporeal]] [[nature]], [[natural]] [[fathers]] (opposed to ὁ [[πατήρ]] [[τῶν]] πνευμάτων), parents, the [[founder]] of a [[race]] or [[tribe]], [[progenitor]] of a [[people]], [[forefather]]: so Abraham is called, [[fathers]] i. e. [[ancestor]]'s, forefathers, Homer down; so [[too]] אָבות, the founders of a [[race]], [[one]] advanced in years, a [[senior]]: [[πατήρ]] περιτομῆς, [[πατήρ]] πάντων [[τῶν]] πιστευόντων, ἐκ πατρός τίνος [[εἶναι]] is used of [[one]] [[who]] shows [[himself]] as [[like]] [[another]] in [[spirit]] and [[purpose]] as [[though]] he had [[inherited]] his [[nature]] from him, [[Sophocles]], Lexicon, [[under]] the [[word]]), applied to α. teachers, as those to whom pupils [[trace]] [[back]] the [[knowledge]] and [[training]] [[they]] [[have]] [[received]]: β. the members of the Sanhedrin, whose [[prerogative]] it [[was]], by [[virtue]] of the [[wisdom]] and [[experience]] in [[which]] [[they]] excelled, to [[take]] [[charge]] of the interests of others: God is called the Father, a. [[τῶν]] [[φώτων]] (A. V. of lights i. e.) of the stars, the [[heavenly]] luminaries, [[because]] he is [[their]] [[creator]], [[upholder]], [[ruler]], of [[all]] [[rational]] and [[intelligent]] beings, [[whether]] angels or men, [[because]] he is [[their]] [[creator]], [[preserver]], [[guardian]] and [[protector]]: G L T Tr WH; [[τῶν]] πνευμάτων, of [[spiritual]] beings, of [[all]] men ([[πατήρ]] [[τοῦ]] παντός ἀνθρώπων γένους, Josephus, Antiquities 4,8, 24): so in the Synoptic Gospels, [[especially]] Matthew, ὁ [[πατήρ]] ὁ ἐν (τοῖς) οὐρανοῖς, the Father in [[heaven]], R G L; ἐξ οὐρανοῦ; cf. Buttmann, § 151,2{a}; Winer's Grammar, § 66,6); ὁ [[πατήρ]] ὁ οὐρανοῖς, the [[heavenly]] Father, of Christians, as those [[who]] [[through]] Christ [[have]] been [[exalted]] to a [[specially]] [[close]] and [[intimate]] [[relationship]] [[with]] God, and [[who]] no [[longer]] [[dread]] him as the [[stern]] [[judge]] of sinners, [[but]] [[revere]] him as [[their]] reconciled and [[loving]] Father. This [[conception]], [[common]] in the N. T. Epistles, shines [[forth]] [[with]] [[especial]] [[brightness]] in [[γεννάω]], 2d.): [[absolutely]], Θεός καί [[πατήρ]] πάντων, of [[all]] Christians, Winer's Grammar, § 34,3b.; § 132,10), ὁ [[πατήρ]] [[τῶν]] [[οἰκτίρμων]], τῆς δόξης, ὁ Θεός καί [[πατήρ]] [[ἡμῶν]], Θεός [[πατήρ]], etc., [[see]] Θεός, 3, p. 288{a}.<br /><b class="num">d.</b> the Father of Jesus Christ, as [[one]] whom God has united to [[himself]] in the closest [[bond]] of [[love]] and [[intimacy]], made acquainted [[with]] his purposes, appointed to [[explain]] and [[carry]] [[out]] [[among]] men the [[plan]] of [[salvation]], and (as appears from the [[teaching]] of John) made to [[share]] [[also]] in his [[own]] [[divine]] [[nature]]; he is so called, α. by Jesus [[himself]]: [[simply]] ὁ [[πατήρ]] (opposed to ὁ [[υἱός]]), ὁ [[πατήρ]] μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς added, ὁ [[οὐράνιος]], ὁ [[ἐπουράνιος]], β. by the apostles: : John, pp. 27-34, and) [[below]] in [[υἱός]] and [[τέκνον]].

|ftr='''πατήρ''': πατρός, πατέρα usw. (Schwyzer 567)<br />{patḗr}<br />'''Forms''': myk. ''pa''-''te''.<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Vater]] (seit Il.);<br />'''Composita''' : Zahlreiche Kompp., z.B. [[πατροφόνος]] [[vatermordend]], [[Vatermörder]] (Trag., Pl.) mit metr. bedingtem Akk. -ῆα (Od.), auch -[[φόντης]] m. f. ib. (S.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 24 A. 4 u. 239 A. 1), [[πατραλοίας]] s. [[ἀλωή]]; [[ἀπάτωρ]] [[vaterlos]] (Trag., Pl. u.a.); [[Ἀπατούρια]] s. bes. Zu den Kompp. Sommer Nominalkomp. 141 ff. (bes. [[ὄπατρος]] u. [[ὀβριμοπάτρη]]; vgl. s. vv.), Risch IF 59, 17.<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. Demin.: [[πατρίδιον]] n. (Kom.), auch [[πατέριον]] (Luk.) mit -ίων m. (sp.; vom Vok. πάτερ; -ίων wie [[μαλακίων]] u.a.), Georgacas Glotta 36, 175f., Maas Mél. Bq 2, 130 f. — 2. [[πάτρα]], ion. -η f. ‘väterliche Ab- stammung, Sippe; Vaterstadt, -land, Heimat’ (ep. poet. seit Il.; Wackernagel Festg. Kaegi 57ff. = Kl. Schr. 1, 485ff.). — 3. [[πατριά]], ion. -ιή f. [[väterliche Abstammung]], [[Geschlecht]], [[Familie]] (Hdt., el., delph., LXX, NT usw.; Wackernagel a.a.O., Scheller Oxytonierung 71 f.) mit -ιώτης, dor. -ιώτας, f. -ιῶτις [[aus demselben Geschlecht]], [[einheimisch]], [[Landsmann]] (att., Troizen, Delphi V^a), -ιωτικός [[zu den Landsleuten]], [[zur Heimat gehörig]] (Delphi IV^a, Arist. u.a.). — 4. [[πάτριος]] [[väterlich]], [[althergebracht]], [[gebräuchlich]] (Pi., ion. att.), f. [[πατρίς]] [[väterlich]], [[Vaterland]] (seit Il.); jünger [[πατρικός]] [[väterlich]] (Demokr., att., hell. u. sp.); in ders. Bed. auch [[πατρώϊος]] s. zu 7. [[πάτρως]]. — 5. [[πατρόθεν]] [[vom Vater her]] (seit IL). — 6. [[εὐπατρίδης]], dor. -ίδας, f. -ις ‘von edlem Vater, vor- nehm’, gew. als Ben. der altatt. Adeligen (Trag. in lyr., att.), Gegensatz κακοπατρίδας, f. -ις (Alk., Thgn.; Waekernagel Glotta 14, 50f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 858f.). — 7. [[πάτρως]], -ωοςu. -ω m. ‘männlicher Verwandter, bes. Bruder des Vaters, Oheim’ (Pi., kret., ion. att.); Bildung wie [[μήτρως]] (s.d.); lat. ''patruus'', aind. ''pitr̥vyà''- ib. u.a. (z.B. Schmeja IF 68, 22) scheinen damit entfernt verwandt zu sein. Davon [[πατρώϊος]], πατρῳ̃ος [[der väterlichen Sippe gehörig]], [[väterlich]] = [[πάτρως]], [[πατρικός]] (seit Il.), vgl. [[μητρώϊος]] und Wackernagel Festg. Kaegi 50ff. = Kl. Schr. 1,478ff.; zu [[πατρικός]] noch Chantraine Études (s. Index). — 8. [[πατρωός]] m. [[Stiefvater]] (hell. u. sp.; Bildung unklar ([[πατρωός]] zu [[μητρυιά]] nach -ώς: -υῖα? Thierfelder briefl.); auch [[πατρυιός]] (sp., nach [[μητρυιά]], s.d.). — 9. Verba: [[πατερίζω]] (Ar. ''V''. 652) [[Vater nennen]] (vom Vok.), -εύω ‘das Amt des πατὴρ πόλεως ([[πατερία]]) besorgen’ (Miletos VI^p); [[πατρῴζω]] ‘dem Vater (den Vätern?) nacharten’ (Philostr., Alkiphr. u.a.; vgl. [[μητρῴζω]]), -ιάζω ib. (Poll.); auch *[[πατρίζω]] > lat. ''patrissāre'' ib. (Leumann Die Sprache 1, 207 = Kl. Schr. 174). — Zu [[πατήρ]] m. Ableitungen auch Chantraine REGr. 59—60, 219ff.<br />'''Etymology''' : Altes, auf das Lallwort in [[πάππα]] (s.d.) zurückgehendes Erbwort für [[Vater]] (als Oberhaupt der Familie), in den meisten idg. Sprachen erhalten, z.B. aind. ''pitár''-, lat. ''pater'', germ., z.B. got. ''fadar''. Zu [[πάτριος]] stimmen noch aind. ''pítriya''und lat. ''patrius''; zu [[ὁμοπάτωρ]], -[[πάτριος]] [[von demselben Vater]] (att. bzw. ion. att.) apers. ''hama''-''pitar''- bzw. awno. ''sam''-''feðr''; über mögliche Verwandte von [[πάτρως]] s. oben 7. — Weitere Formen m. reicher Lit. bei WP. 2, 4, Pok. 829 und in den Spezialwörterbüchern.<br />'''Page''' 2,481-482