πρίν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Adv. and Conj., <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[before]], [[until]]. [πρῐν 19 times in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.2.344</span>, al.; πρῑν in <span class="bibl">Il.6.81</span>, <span class="bibl">13.172</span>, al.; once written πρείν, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>7.40, but πρίν <span class="title">IG</span>12.60.11, 94.9, 114.46, etc.; Trag. and Com. always [[πρῐν]] (<b class="b3">πρίν γ'</b> must be read in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>176</span>).] </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Adv. of [[time]], [[before]], either in the sense of [[sooner]] or in that of [[formerly]], [[erst]] (implying duration up to a certain time): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of future time, with fut. Indic., πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν <span class="bibl">Il.1.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.283</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.198</span>, etc.: with Subj. = fut., πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα <span class="bibl">Il.24.551</span>: with Opt. and κεν, πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο <span class="bibl">Od.3.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.330</span>, <span class="bibl">14.155</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1076</span>, <span class="bibl">1112</span>: with Opt., <span class="bibl">Il. 24.800</span>: with Imper., <span class="bibl">9.250</span>: with Inf. (expressing a wish), <span class="bibl">2.413</span>, (expressing an oath) <span class="bibl">Od.4.254</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of past time, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[formerly]], [[once]], πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο... νῦν δὲ… <span class="bibl">Il.2.112</span>, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">9.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.827</span>; πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα <span class="bibl">Od.4.724</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.408</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[formerly]] (up to a certain point), [[before]], in this sense freq. with Art., τὸ πρίν γ' ἐκέκαστο <span class="bibl">Il.5.54</span>; τὸ πρίν γε... νῦν δὲ… <span class="bibl">13.105</span>; νῦν δὲ… τὸ πρίν γε <span class="bibl">16.208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>443</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.129</span>: without Art., τὰς ἐπιστήμας ἅς ποτε καὶ π. εἴχομεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>75e</span>: with ellipsis of part. <b class="b3">γενόμενος, τὰ π. πελώρια</b> (sc. [[γενόμενα]]) the giants [[of old]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>151</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τοῦ π. Αἰγέως</b> Aegeus [[gone before]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>69</span>; ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1224</span>; ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις <span class="bibl">Th.2.62</span>: with part. expressed, τὸ π. γενόμενον τέρας <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.37</span>; τοὺς πρὶν φυλαττομένους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>547c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[hitherto]], π. μέν… <span class="bibl">B.12.114</span>; [[until that time]], and so [[meanwhile]], <span class="bibl">Id.15.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes followed by gen., π. ὥρας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.43</span>; π. ἀνηκέστου πάθους <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>1.6.1</span>; π. γενέσεως Thd.<span class="title">Su.</span>42; π. τῆς συνόδου <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>9.371</span>; π. φάους <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span> 3.18.6</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ βλέψαι, π. τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>7.162</span>, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">To.</span> 14.15</span>; also <b class="b3">πρὶν οὗ</b> c. inf., <span class="title">SIG</span>953.16 (Calymna, ii B.C.); c. indic., Test. ap. <span class="bibl">D.46.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Conj. [[before]], [[ere]]: freq. following an antecedent clause with adverbial [[π]]. (chiefly in Ep.), or its equivalents [[πρότερον]], [[πρόσθεν]], [[πάρος]] (poet.), esp. with negat., οὐδὲ π.... π.… <span class="bibl">Il.1.98</span>,<span class="bibl">7.481</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.475</span>; μὴ π.... π.… <span class="bibl">Il.2.355</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>605</span>; π.... π.… <span class="bibl">Il.2.348</span>, <span class="bibl">8.453</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.586</span>; οὐ πρότερον... π… <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>620</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.61</span>; μὴ πρότερον… π… <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>199</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>62c</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.10</span>; πρότερον... π.… <span class="bibl">And.4.1</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.9</span>; οὐ πρόσθεν. ., π.… <span class="bibl">Od. 17.9</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.23</span>; μὴ πρόσθεν... π.… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>; πρόσθε ., π. τυχεῖν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.92</span>; οὐ πάρος. ., π.… <span class="bibl">Od.2.128</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.219</span>; preceded by [[φθάνω]], <span class="bibl">16.322</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.79</span>, <span class="bibl">104</span>, <span class="bibl">6.97</span>, <span class="bibl">8.12</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.1.21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.25</span>; sometimes followed by ἤ, οὐ… πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γ' ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα <span class="bibl">Il.5.288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.266</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.136</span>, <span class="bibl">165</span>, al.; dub. and perhaps always corrupt in Att. and X., <span class="bibl">Th.5.61</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.6.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.19</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), <span class="bibl">Lycurg.128</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.132</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span> 4.5.1</span>, but freq. in later Greek, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>29.26</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> c. inf., the prevailing constr. in Hom., after positive and negative clauses alike: in Att. mostly after positive clauses, and always used with them when the action does not or is not to take place: the tense is, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> regularly aor., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> after a positive clause, ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν <span class="bibl">Il.13.172</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.453</span>, <span class="bibl">16.322</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.210</span>; Ζεὺς ὀλέσειε βίην, πρὶν ἥβης μέτρον ἱκέσθαι <span class="bibl">4.668</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.6.465</span>, <span class="bibl">24.245</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.92.3.9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>8.19</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.119</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>712</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>1539</span> (anap.). <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>120</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>396</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>281</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>258</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.67</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.125</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.1.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>350b</span>, al.; after negat. questions which expect a posit. answer, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1069</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span>524</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>684</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>481</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after a negat. clause, οὐδ' ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει, πρίν γ' ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην <span class="bibl">Il.1.98</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.423</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.128</span>, <span class="bibl">4.747</span> : after Hom. a negat. antecedent is commonly followed by [[πρίν]] with finite Verb (v. infr. ''ΙΙ''); but Inf. is found where [[π]]. precedes, π. ἰδεῖν δ', οὐδεὶς μάντις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1419</span> (anap.); π. μὲν γὰρ κριθῆναι, οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἦν εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας <span class="bibl">And.4.8</span>; π. νικῆσαι... οὐκ ἦν… <span class="bibl">Lys.19.28</span>; π. δὲ ταῦτα πρᾶξαι, μὴ σκοπεῖτε <span class="bibl">D.3.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lycurg. 135</span>; also, οὔτε… π. ἱδρῶσαι δεῖπνον ᾑρεῖτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.1.38</span>; also after Verbs of fearing (the positive being the thing dreaded), ὅταν… δεδίωσι μὴ πρότερόν τι μάθῃς, π. τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τοῖς πραττομένοις <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.70</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>453.6</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 632</span>; in unfulfilled conditions and wishes, οὔθ' ὁ Πλούτωνος κύων οὔθ' οὑπὶ κώπῃ ψυχοπομπὸς ἂν Χάρων ἔσχον π. εἰς φῶς σὸν καταστῆσαι βίον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>362</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>61</span>; otherwise not common, ὤφθην οὐδεπώποτε π. ταύτην τὴν συμφορὰν γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.19.55</span>; οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου... π. κατασκῆψαί τινα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>94</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HF</span>605</span>; καί μοι μὴ θορυβήσῃ μηδεὶς π. ἀκοῦσαι <span class="bibl">D.5.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>4.24</span>: after neg. opt. with <b class="b3">ἄν, οὕτω γένοιτ' ἂν οὐδ' ἂν ἔκβασις στρατοῦ καλή, π. ὅρμῳ ναῦν θρασυνθῆναι</b> a.<span class="title">Supp.</span>772, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>769e</span>: after a past tense (in orat. obliq.), ὤμοσαν μὴ π. ἐς Φώκαιαν ἥξειν, π. ἢ τὸν μύδρον τοῦτον ἀναφανῆναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.165</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Th. 7.50</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.5.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>61a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> also pres., to convey a special sense of continuance, effort, or the like, 'before undertaking to', 'before proceeding to', π. ἐξοπλίζειν Ἄρη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>702</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span> 1067</span>; π. νυν τὰ πλείον' ἱστορεῖν... ἔξελθε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>20</span>; π. κλαίειν τινά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>577</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>1095</span>; π. λέγειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>380</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>383</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 8.3</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.24</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>666a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.40</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> also perf., after a fut., π. τόδ' ἐξηντληκέναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>79</span>; after pres. or impf., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1069</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.25</span>; π.... τί μέλλετ'… ; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1145</span>; π. καὶ τεθύσθαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1034</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>1156</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>375</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>322</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>1185</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>4.1.21</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>164c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>320a</span>, etc.; with [[ἥκειν]] in pf. sense, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.116</span>; οὐ βουλόμενος διαγωνίσασθαι π. οἱ τοὺς βοηθοὺς ἥκειν <span class="bibl">Th.5.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> with a finite Verb: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with Ind., chiefly aor.: not in Hom. (first in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>357</span>), who uses Ind. only with <b class="b3">πρίν γ' ὅτε, πρίν γ' ὅτε δή</b>, after both posit. and neg. clauses, ἠλώμην... πρίν γ' ὅτε… ἤγαγες <span class="bibl">Od.13.322</span>; πρίν γ' ὅτε δή με… κάλεσσεν <span class="bibl">23.43</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.12.437</span>; οὐδέ κεν ἡμέας ἄλλο διέκρινεν... πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θανάτοιο… νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν <span class="bibl">Od.4.180</span>: rarely with impf., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν… ἔπειθον, πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο</b> ([[began to be hit]]) <span class="bibl">Il.9.588</span>: freq. after Hom., with aor., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> after neg. clauses: of a fact in the past, οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ' οὐδὲν... πρίν γ' ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>481</span>; οὐ πρότερον ἀπανέστη… Μαρδόνιος, πρὶν ἤ σφεας ὑποχειρίους ἐποιήσατο <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.45</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὣς… ἠξίωσαν νεώτερόν τι ποιεῖν ἐς αὐτο'ν... πρίν γε δὴ αὐτοῖς… μηνυτὴς γίγνεται</b> (histor. pres. = aor.) <span class="bibl">Th.1.132</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.101</span>, <span class="bibl">5.61</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.79</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>700</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.23</span>,<span class="bibl">4.5.13</span> (histor. pres.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>5.4.58</span>, etc.; once in <span class="bibl">Pl., <span class="title">Phdr.</span>266a</span>; as part of an unfulfilled condition, οὐκ ἂν κατέσχε δῆμον οὐδ' ἐπαύσατο π. ἀνταράξας πῖαρ ἐξεῖλεν γάλα Sol. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>12.5</span>; οὐκ ἂν ἐσκεψάμεθα πρότερον... πρὶν ἐζητήσαμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>86d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>165e</span>; χρῆν τοίνυν Αεπτίνην μὴ πρότερον τιθέναι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νόμον, πρὶν τοῦτον ἔλυσε γραψάμενος <span class="bibl">D.20.96</span>; after verbs implying a neg., ἀμφιγνοεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.5.33</span>, θαυμάζειν <span class="bibl">Th.1.51</span>, λανθάνειν <span class="bibl">Id.3.29</span>; also with impf., οὔπω ᾔδει… π. ἐν τῷ κακῷ ἦν <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.61</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after posit. clauses (both combined, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>481</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.118</span>), with the sense [[until]], ἠγόμην δ' ἀνὴρ ἀστῶν μέγιστος... πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 776</span>; <b class="b3">σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν… πείθει</b> (histor. pres.) <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>131</span> (anap.); πρίν γ' ὁρᾷ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>1173</span>; freq. followed by δή, π. δή τις ἐφθέγξατο <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1147</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας κατελύθη</b> (neg. idea) ὑπὸ ξυμφορῶν, πρὶν δὴ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τότε τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐποίησαν <span class="bibl">Th.3.104</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">7.39</span> (histor. pres.), <span class="bibl">71</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Subj. only after negs. or equiv. of neg., = [[ἕως]] or <b class="b3">ἢν μή</b> (in <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.173</span> <b class="b3">ἢν μή</b> and <b class="b3">πρὶν ἄν</b> are used almost as synonyms); οὐ καταδυσόμεθ', ἀχνύμενοί περ... πρὶν μόρσιμον ἦμαρ ἐπέλθῃ <span class="bibl">Od.10.175</span>; μή πω καταδύσεο... πρίν γ' ἐμὲ… ἴδηαι <span class="bibl">Il.18.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">190</span>, <span class="bibl">24.781</span>; ἀλλ' ὄμοσον μὴ μητρὶ φίλῃ τάδε μυθήσασθαι, πρίν γ' ὅτ' ἂν ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε γένηται <span class="bibl">Od.2.374</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.477</span>: in Prose usually <b class="b3">πρὶν ἄν</b> (πρίν κα <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.161 (Cyrene)), rarely [[π]]. alone, as also <b class="b3">πρὶν ἤ</b>: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> generally with aor., to express an action preceding the action of the anteced. clause, the Verb in which is fut. (or some equiv. of the fut.) or imper., οὐ γαμέεται παρθένος οὐδεμία, πρὶν ἂν τῶν πολεμίων ἄνδρα ἀποκτείνῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.82</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), <span class="bibl">3.109</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); <b class="b3">νῦν δ' οὐδέν ἐστι τέρμα μοι προκείμενον μόχθων</b> (the sense here is fut.), πρὶν ἂν Ζεὺς ἐκπέσῃ τυραννίδος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>756</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">166</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">177</span> (anap.); οὐ γάρ ποτ' ἔξει τῆσδε τῆς χώρας, πρὶν ἂν… στήσῃς ἄγων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>909</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">48</span>, <span class="bibl">1041</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>1529</span>, etc.; οὐκ ἂν ἐκμάθοις... πρὶν ἂν θάνῃ τις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>2</span>; οὐκ ἄπειμι πρὸς δόμους πάλιν, πρὶν ἄν σε… ἔξω βάλω <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>276</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">680</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alc.</span>1145</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>324</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>19</span>,<span class="bibl">1302</span>; μὴ προκαταγίγνωσκε... π. ἄν γ' ἀκούσῃς ἀμφοτέρων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>920</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>176</span>, <span class="bibl">230</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>6.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>1</span>. <span class="bibl">1.10</span>, <span class="bibl">5.7.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>228c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>187e</span> ([[ἂν]] added in later codd.), etc.; μηδέν' ὀλβίζειν π. ἀ'ν τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1529</span> (troch.); οὐχὶ μὴ παύσησθε, π. ἄν… ὑμᾶς τις ἐκτραχηλίσῃ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>704</span>: [[π]]. without ἄν, μὴ στέναζε, π. μάθῃς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>917</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>619</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>742</span>, <span class="bibl">965</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>608</span>, <span class="bibl">946</span>; οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις αὐτὸν ἐξαιρήσεται... π. γυναῖκ' ἐμοὶ μεθῇ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 849</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>1218</span>, <span class="bibl">1357</span> (lyr.); π. χαρίσωνται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>629</span> ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]); οὐ γὰρ δή σφεας ἀπίει τῆς ἀποικίης, πρὶν δὴ ἀπίκωνται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.157</span>; π. διαγνῶσι <span class="bibl">Th.6.29</span>; <b class="b3">π… βεβαιωσώμεθα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">10</span> (dub.l.); πρὶν ἀνάγκην τινὰ θεὸς ἐπιπέμψῃ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>62c</span> codd.; π. ἐξετάσωσιν <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>4</span>: <b class="b3">πρὶν ἤ</b> (never with [[ἄν]]), π. ἢ ἀνορθώσωσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">136</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>57b</span>, etc.: with neg. implied, ὁ δὲ ἀδικέει ἀναπειθόμενος π. ἢ ἀτρεκέως ἐκμάθῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.ή; αἰσχρὸν ἡγοῦμαι πρότερον παύσασθαι, π. ἂν… ψηφίσησθε <span class="bibl">Lys. 22.4</span>; ὅστις οὖν οἴεται τοὺς ἄλλους πράξειν τι... π. ἂν… διαλλάξῃ, λίαν ἁπλῶς ἔχει <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.16</span> (where <b class="b3">ὅστις οὖν οἴεται</b> = [[οὐ δεῖ οὔεσθαι]], as is shown by <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ δεῖ</b> in the next sentence, cf. <span class="bibl">D.38.24</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> less freq. (never in Hom.) with pres. subj.: <b class="b3">μήπω π. ἂν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀΐῃς</b> (the Verb has no aor.) μύθων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1409</span> (anap.); ὁ νομοθέτης τὰ διδασκαλεῖα ἀνοίγειν ἀπαγορεύει μὴ πρότερον π. ἂν ὁ ἥλιος ἀνίσχῃ <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>271c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[πρίν]] with Opt.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> representing subj. after histor. tenses, οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν π. πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος <span class="bibl">Il.21.580</span>; <b class="b3">πρίν γ' ὅτε</b>, as with subj., <span class="bibl">9.488</span>; ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ σῖγα π. φράσαιμί σοι τὸν πλοῦν ποεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>551</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.3.22</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>6.5.19</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">2.4.18</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>1.2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> by assimilation, ὄλοιο μήπω π. μάθοιμι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 961</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>657</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰδείης</b> (potential opt.)… π. πειρηθείης <span class="bibl">Thgn.126</span>; after opt. with ἄν, οὐκ ἂν πρότερον ὁρμήσειε π. βεβαιώσαιτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>799d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>505</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. ἄν</b> c. opt. is doubtful, and (if not corrupt) due to the change required by orat. obl., ἀπαγορευόντων τῶν φίλων τῶν ἐμῶν μὴ ἀποκτείνειν τὸν ἄνδρα, πρὶν ἄν ἐγὼ ἔλθοιμι <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.34</span> ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]), cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.48</span>, <span class="bibl">2.4.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> without a Verb, <b class="b3">πρὶν ὥρη</b> (sc. [[γένηται]]) <span class="bibl">Od.15.394</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv. a. conj., rarely also prep. w. gen.<br />Meaning: [[before]], [[previously]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Hom. also [[πρίν]], Gort. [[πρειν]] (once beside requent [[πριν]]), Locr. [[φριν]]<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [811] *prei [[earlier]], [[before]]<br />Etymology: Ending as in [[νῦν]], <b class="b3">νύν</b>, [[πάλιν]] a.o. Clearly to the group of [[πρό]] (s.v.) with [[ι]] as in Lat. [[prior]], [[prīscus]] etc. (cf. below); further analysis quite uncertain. After Brugmann Grundr. 2 II : 1, 555 for <b class="b3">*πρῖς</b> from <b class="b2">*pri-is</b> to Lat. <b class="b2">prīs-cus</b>, [[prīmus]] (< <b class="b2">*pris-mo-s</b>) etc.; thus [[πρειν]] for <b class="b3">*πρεις</b>. Cf. Lith. <b class="b2">priẽ</b> < <b class="b2">*prei</b>. Diff. Pisani Stud. itfilcl. N.S. 12, 293f.: from <b class="b3">*πρεσίν</b>. -- Cf. also Schwyzer 631 w. lit.; on the use etc. Schw.- Debr. 654ff.

|ftr='''πρίν''': (seit Il.),<br />{prín}<br />'''Forms''': Hom. auch πρί̄ν, gort. πρειν (1mal neben mehrfachem πριν), lokr. φριν<br />'''Grammar''': Adv. u. Konj., vereinzelt auch Präp. m. Gen.<br />'''Meaning''': [[vorher]], [[bevor]], [[vor]].<br />'''Etymology''' : Ausgang wie in [[νῦν]], νύν, [[πάλιν]] u.a. Offenbar zur Sippe von [[πρό]] (s.d.) mit ι wie in lat. ''prior'', ''prīscus'' usw. (vgl. unten); weitere Analyse ganz unsicher. Nach Brugmann Grundr. ² II : 1, 555 für *πρῖς aus *''pri''-''is'' zu lat. ''prīs''-''cus'', ''prīmus'' (aus *''pris''-''mo''-''s'') usw.; ebenso πρειν für *πρεις. Anders Pisani Stud. itfilcl. N.S. 12, 293f.: aus *πρεσίν. —Vgl. noch Schwyzer 631 m. Lit.; zum Gebrauch usw. Schw.- Debr. 654ff.<br />'''Page''' 2,595