ἀ-: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: pref.<br />Meaning: privative prefix (<b class="b3">α στερητικόν</b>);<br />Other forms: antevocalic <b class="b3">ἀν-</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [757] <b class="b2">*n-</b><br />Etymology: Through the loss of initial consonants (<b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>, <b class="b3">σ-</b>) the original distribution was disturbed: [[ἄισος]] (< <b class="b3">*ἀ-Ϝισος</b>) beside newly made [[ἄνισος]]; this led a few times to analogical forms like <b class="b3">ἄ-οζος</b> beside original <b class="b3">ἄν-οζος</b>. In Myc. <b class="b2">aupono /Ahupnos/</b>, a proper name, the [[a-]] stands before [[h-]]; thus class. [[ἄυπνος]]. Also before o- the wau was originally retained: [[ἀόριστος]]. <b class="b3">ἀ(ν</b>)- was in Greek as elsewhere originally limited to verbal adjectives and Bahuvrīhis. Frisk Adj. priv. 4ff., 44ff., Subst. priv. 8ff., Wackernagel Syntax 2, 284ff., 1, 282f., Puhvel Lang. 29, 14ff., Moorhouse Studies Negatives (1959). In other languages e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">a(n)-</b>, Lat. [[in-]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[un-]], PIE <b class="b2">*n̥-</b>. The sentence negative was <b class="b2">*ne</b>, in Lat. [[ne-scio]], [[ne-fas]] etc. (not in [[νέποδες]] [[quod vide|q.v.]]). Some formations may be inherited, as <b class="b3">ἄν-υδρ-ος</b> = Skt. [[an-udr-á-]], [[ἄγνωτος]] = Skt. [[ájñata-]], Lat. [[ignotus]]. If the following word begins with laryngeal + cons., Greek gets <b class="b3">νη-</b>, <b class="b3">να-</b>, <b class="b3">νω-</b> as in [[νήγρετος]], [[νωδός]] < <b class="b2">*n-h₁gr-</b>, <b class="b2">*n-h₃d-</b>); these adjectives were again reshaped, as in [[ἀνώνυμος]]; Beekes, Lar. Greek. -- Supposed <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> only in [[ἀνάεδος]], <b class="b3">ἀνά-ελπτος</b> and [[ἀνάπνευστος]] (the last two are analogical, the first may stand for <b class="b3">ἀν-εεδν-</b>).<br />See also: On pleonastic <b class="b3">ἀ(ν</b>)- cf. [[ἀβέλτερος]].<br />Meaning: (none)<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: In Pre-Greek words a [[prothetic vowel]] occurs, e.g. [[ἄσταχυς]] / [[στάχυς]]. It is no doubt a phonetic process. It is rather frequent, Fur. 368-378. The vowel was [[ἀ-]], with a very few exceptions (Beekes, Pre-Greek.).<br />Meaning: in Anatolian place names, e. g. [[Ἀπαισός]] : [[Παισός]], [[Ἄθυμβρα]]: [[Θύμβρα]].<br />Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The origin of the phenomenon is unknown; it is due to a non-IE language. The fact may be different from the Pre-Greek prothetic vowel.

|ftr='''ἀ-''': {a-}<br />'''Forms''': daneben, ursprünglich nur antevokalisch, ἀν-.<br />'''Meaning''': verneinendes (privatives) Präfix (α στερητικόν);<br />'''Etymology''' : Durch Wegfall anlautender Konsonanten (ϝ-, σ-) ist die ursprüngliche Verteilung gestört worden: ἄισος (< *ἀϝισος) neben neugebildetem [[ἄνισος]] hat Formen wie [[ἄοζος]] neben ursprünglichem [[ἄνοζος]] (: ''Ast'') hervorgerufen. ἀ(ν)- war im Griechischen wie in den übrigen idg. Sprachen anfänglich nur in Verbaladjektiven und Bahuvrihibildungen zu Hause. Frisk Adj. priv. 4ff., 44ff., Subst. priv. 8ff., Wackernagel Syntax 2, 284ff., 1, 282f., Puhvel Lang. 29, 14ff. — Über pleonastisches ἀ(ν)- s. zu [[ἀβέλτερος]]. Gr. ἀ(ν)- findet sich in den meisten idg. Sprachen wieder, z. B. aind. ''a''(''n'')-, lat. ''in''-, germ., z. B. got. ''un''-, idg. *''n̥''-. Damit ablautend die Satznegation *''nĕ'' in lat. ''ne''-''scio'', ''ne''-''fas'' usw., gr. viell. [[νέποδες]] (s. d.) und [[νηλεής]] (s. [[ἔλεος]]). Mehrere Bildungen können altererbt sein, wie [[ἄνυδρος]] = aind. ''an''-''udr''-''á''-, ἄγνωτος = aind. ''ájñāta''-, lat. ''ignotus''. — Seltene Nebenformen von ἀν- sind ν- ([[νήνεμος]], [[νωδός]], vgl. [[νηλεής]] oben) und ἀνα-, s. Schwyzer 431f. Fragliche Ablautspekulationen bei Gray Language 1, 119ff.; dazu Nehring Glotta 16, 248.<br />'''Page''' 1,1<br />{a-}<br />'''Meaning''': in kleinasiatischen Namen, z. B. Ἄθυμβρα: Θύμβρα.<br />'''Etymology''' : Kretschmer ist geneigt, nach dem Vorgang Forrers darin ein (chattisches?) Artikel-Präfix zu sehen; Glotta 21, 86ff., 22, 108 A. 3, 24, 218f., 32, 182f., 200ff. — Über eine ähnliche Erscheinung im Illyrischen (Ἀπενέσται: ''Penestae'' usw.) Krahe IF 57, 126f.<br />'''Page''' 1,1