σύμβολον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[tally]], i.e. [[each of two halves]] or [[corresponding pieces]] of an [[ἀστράγαλος]] or other object, which two [[ξένοι]], or any two contracting parties, broke between them, each party keeping one piece, in order to have proof of the [[identity]] of the [[presenter]] of the other, ἀποδεικνύντες τὰ σ. ἀπαίτεον τὰ χρήματα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.86</span>.β; ξένοις τε πέμψω σύμβολ', οἳ δράσουσί σ' εὖ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>613</span> (cf. Sch.); <b class="b3">διαπεπρισμένα ἡμίσε' ἀκριβῶς ὡσπερεὶ τὰ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Eub.70</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς σ. ὀρέγεται ἀλλήλων [τὰ ἐναντία</b>] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1239b31</span>; <b class="b3">ζητεῖ . . τὸ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστος σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>191d</span>; καθάπερ ἐκ συμβόλων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>360a26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>722b11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1294a35</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχειν σύμβολα πρὸς ἄλληλα</b> [[complementary factors]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GC</span>331a24</span>; <b class="b3">ποιησάσθω σύμβολα ἡ βουλὴ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Σιδωνίων, ὅπως ἂν ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων εἰδῇ, ἐάν τι πέμπῃ κτλ</b>. <span class="title">IG</span>22.141.19. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of other devices having the same purpose, e.g. a seal-impression on wax, Plaut. <span class="title">Pseud.</span>55 (hence ς. = [[signet-ring]], <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>33.10</span>); an extant bronze hand is inscribed σ. πρὸς Οὐελαυνίους <span class="title">IG</span>14.2432 (Gaul), cf. 279 (Lilybaeum, ii B.C., where the word does not occur). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> any [[token serving as proof of identity]], ἔλαβε σ. παρὰ βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου φιάλην χρυσῆν <span class="bibl">Lys.19.25</span>; <b class="b3">πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν . . εὐπορήσειν διὰ τὸ σύμβολον</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">ὡς ἔγνω . . τὰ παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς σύμβολον</b> <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.46</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ μητρὸς σ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1386</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hel.</span>291</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>577</span>, <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>17.16 D., <span class="bibl">D.S.4.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Thes.</span>6</span>; <b class="b3">ἰδοὺ τὰ σύμβολα</b> here are my [[credential]]s, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.16.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.22.99</span>, <span class="bibl">4.8.20</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχοντες σ. σαφὲς λύπης</b> bearing clear [[credential]]s (consisting) of (a common) [[grief]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>403</span>, cf. Aristid.1.416 J. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[guarantee]], σύμβολον τῆς παιδεύσεως πιστότατον <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.49</span>; σ. ὅτι παρ' ἐμοῦ [ἡ ἐπιστολή] ἐστι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>360a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">363b</span>; σ. τῆς σωτηρίας <span class="bibl">D.15.4</span>; σύμβολον τοῦ συμφέροντος εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.</span>31</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[token]], especially of [[goodwill]], [[χρυσίον]] σύμβολον [[φιλία]]ς καὶ [[ξενία]]ς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pyrrh.</span>20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>18</span>; χρυσοῦν στέφανον ἔλαβον σ. περιέχοντα τῆς ὑμετέρας πρός με εὐσεβείας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.1178.13</span> (ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[identity-token]] given to [[Athenian]] [[dicast]]s on entering the courts, entitling them to vote, and on presenting which they received another ς., in exchange for which they received their fee, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>278</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.210</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>65.2</span>, <span class="bibl">68.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll.8.16</span>; also in the [[ecclesia]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>297</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">διάδοσις τῶν σ</b>. <span class="title">IG</span>2.1749.76: extant [[theatre-tokens]] (without the word ς.) in <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).323 (Mantinea, iv B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> at Rome, = [[tessera]], [[token]] entitling the [[bearer]] to a [[donation]] of [[corn]] or [[money]], <span class="bibl">D.C.49.43</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of written documents, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[passport]] or the [[seal]] thereon, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1214</span> (cf. Sch.); <b class="b3">ἐκπλεῖν μηδένα ἀστῶν μηδὲ μέτοικον ἄνευ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.10.8</span>: metaph., <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.12.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[passenger-list]], <b class="b3">ἐμοῦ [τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ] τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀπαριθμοῦντος τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ . . πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> pl., [[treaty]] between two states providing for the security of one another's citizens and sometimes for the settlement of commercial and other disputes (usu. in the law-courts of the defendant's city (cf. Harp. s.v.)); εἰσὶ . . αὐτοῖς συνθῆκαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγωγίμων καὶ σ. περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀδικεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1280a39</span>; σ. ποιήσασθαι πρὸς πόλιν <span class="bibl">D.7.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.4.18</span>; τὰ σ. συγχέων <span class="bibl">D.21.173</span>; ἀπὸ συμβόλων [[δικάζεσθαι]], [[κοινωνεῖν]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1275a10</span>; αἱ ἀπὸ συμβόλων δίκαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ath.</span>59.6</span>; cf. [[συμβολή]] ''III'': sg. in same sense, Foed. Delph.Pell.''1'' <span class="title">A</span> 7 (also written <b class="b3">συββ-</b> ib. 1 <span class="title">B</span> 10, al.); ἡ κατὰ τὸ σ. δικαιοδοσία πρός τινα <span class="bibl">Plb.23.1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">32.7.3</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὸ σ</b>. <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).67.48 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), 9(1).331.5 (Chaleion, ii B.C.); <b class="b3">κατὰ τὸ δοχθὲν κοινᾷ σ</b>. <span class="title">GDI</span>5040.70 (Crete). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[contract]] between individuals, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>724.7</span>,<span class="bibl">13</span>, <span class="bibl">790.2</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.212</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">52.10</span> (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">αἰσχρὰ κακοῖς ἔργοις σ. θηκάμενοι</b> [[form]]ing [[disgraceful]] [[compact]]s ([[sealed]]) by [[evil]] [[deed]]s, <span class="bibl">Thgn.1150</span>; τὰ τῷ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα κυροῦν συμβόλῳ <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>2.132</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[receipt]], sometimes made out in duplicate, σ. διπλᾶ ἐσφραγισμένα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.324.4</span> (iii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span>52.19</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>25.25</span>, <span class="bibl">26.16</span> (ii B.C.); τὸ σ. τῆς ἀποχῆς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span> 144.2</span> (iii B.C.); σ. ἀποχῆς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>73.4</span> (iii B.C.); σύμβολον ποιήσασθαι πρὸς αὐτόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLille</span> 4.18</span> (iii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.67.16</span> (iii B.C.); σ. καὶ ἀντισύμβολα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1741.10</span> (i B.C.); [[receipt for a pledged article]], PCair. Zen.<span class="bibl">120.3</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[fee for making out a receipt]], PRyl.192.10 (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1605.13</span> (ii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[unilateral undertaking]] in writing, [[guarantee]], PPetr.3p.164 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>57.4</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>112 ii 1</span> (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[warrant]] entitling the [[holder]] to [[draw]] [[allowance]]s over a [[period]], τοῦ κθ ἔτους τὸ σ. τοῦ ὀψωνίου καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σύνταξον γράψαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>5.504.8</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">σ. σιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικά</b> (bequeathed) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>1.21.16</span> (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">σφράγισαι τὸ σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>375.11</span> (iii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.349.2</span>,<span class="bibl">7</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>14.89</span> (ii B.C.); τὰ σ. τῶν σιταρχιῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1755.5</span> (i B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[warrant]] or [[commission]] from the Emperor, by which officers held their posts, <span class="title">Cod.Just.</span>1.5.12.1, 11; <b class="b3">σ. τριβούνου</b> ib.12.33.8 <span class="title">Intr.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> more generally, [[token]], <b class="b3">φυλάσσω λαμπάδος τὸ σύμβολον</b> the [[beacon]]-[[token]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>8</span>; <b class="b3">τέκμαρ τοιοῦτο σ. τέ σοι λέγω</b> ib.<span class="bibl">315</span>; <b class="b3">μανθάνω τὸ σύμβολον</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1130</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>220</span>; [[clue]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>221</span>; <b class="b3">χειμῶνος σύμβολον</b> a [[sign]] of an approaching [[storm]], Anaxag. 19, Sch.<span class="bibl">Arat.832</span>; νόμισμα σύμβολον τῆς ἀλλαγῆς ἕνεκα γενήσεται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 371b</span>; ἔστι τὰ ἐν τῇ φωνῇ τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ παθημάτων σ., καὶ τὰ γραφόμενα τῶν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Int.</span>16a4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24b2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sens.</span>437a15</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τεχνητὰ τῶν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>6</span>; <b class="b3">νίκης σύμβολον Ἰσθμιάδος</b>, of the [[celery]]-[[wreath]], <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>103</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τῶν στρατοπέδων σ</b>. legionary [[standard]]s, <span class="bibl">Hdn.4.7.7</span>; [[insignia]] of deities, <span class="bibl">D.H.8.38</span>; τῆς βασιλείας Plu.Comp.Cim. Luc.3; <b class="b3">εἰράνας σ. καὶ πολέμον</b>, of a [[trumpet]], <span class="title">AP</span>6.151 (Tymn.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[omen]], [[portent]], <span class="bibl">Archil.44</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>144</span> (lyr.); σ. δ' οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθονίων πιστὸν ἀμφὶ πράξιος ἐσσομένας εὗρεν θεόθεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>12.7</span> (cf. Sch.); <b class="b3">οἱ διὰ συμβόλων . . προλέγοντες</b> distinguished from other kinds of [[μάντεις]], Gal. 15.442; περὶ οἰωνῶν καὶ σ. καὶ διοσημιῶν <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>13.62</span>;= [[auspicium]], Gloss.; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς λικμητηρίοις γεννώμενα τὰ βρέφη ἐτίθεσαν εἰς σ. εὐτροφίας</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">Arat.268</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> Medic., [[symptom]], Gal.19.217, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">CD</span>1.4</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[prearranged signal]], ἐπιχειρήσεως <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Rom.</span>14</span>; [[watchword]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>573</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[secret code]], τὰ μυστικὰ σύμβολα τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοις οἱ κοινωνοῦντες Plu.2.611d, cf. <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>31.23</span>; consisting of a [[signum]] and a [[responsum]], Firm. De Errore 18; <b class="b3">τὰ σύμβολα [Πυθαγόρου</b>] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>197</span>, Plu.2.727c; <b class="b3">περὶ Πυθαγορικῶν συμβόλων</b>, title of a work by [[Androcydes]], <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>28.145</span>; [[secret sign]], <b class="b3">γράψαι τι σ. ἐν πίνακι, . . μαθεῖν τὸν θέντα τὸ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">33.238</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.103</span>, <span class="bibl">32.227</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Laps.</span>5</span>; [[allegory]], <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.256</span>,<span class="bibl">257</span>, <span class="bibl">Demetr. <span class="title">Eloc.</span>243</span>; διὰ συμβόλων μηνύειν <span class="bibl">Ph.2.559</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.681</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 210</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[religious creed]], <b class="b3">τὸ ἅγιον μάθημα ἤτοι σ</b>. <span class="title">Cod.Just.</span>1.1.7.11, cf. 13. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> pl., σύμβολα = [[standard weights]], IG22.1013.8. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> a [[small coin]], perhaps a [[half-obol]], shaped D, <span class="bibl">Hermipp.61</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>44</span>, <span class="bibl">Archipp. 8</span>: hence <b class="b3">σύμβολον κεκαρμένος</b> [[with half the head shaved]], <span class="bibl">Hermipp.14</span>.</span>