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βουλή: Difference between revisions
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In cities of ancient Greece, the Boule (Greek: βουλή, boulē; plural βουλαί, boulai) was a council of over 500 citizens (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city: In oligarchies boule positions might have been hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot (→ Sortition), and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many boulai, except in the case of Athens, for which extensive material has survived. | |wketx=In cities of ancient Greece, the Boule (Greek: βουλή, boulē; plural βουλαί, boulai) was a council of over 500 citizens (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city: In oligarchies boule positions might have been hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot (→ Sortition), and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many boulai, except in the case of Athens, for which extensive material has survived. | ||
The original council of Athens was the Areopagus. It consisted of ex-archons and was aristocratic in character. The Athenian boule under Solon heard appeals from the most important decisions of the courts. Those in the poorest class could not serve on the boule of 400. The higher governmental posts, archons (magistrates), were reserved for citizens of the top two income groups. | The original council of Athens was the Areopagus. It consisted of ex-archons and was aristocratic in character. The Athenian boule under Solon heard appeals from the most important decisions of the courts. Those in the poorest class could not serve on the boule of 400. The higher governmental posts, archons (magistrates), were reserved for citizens of the top two income groups. | ||
Following the Athenian Revolution in 508 B.C. Cleisthenes formed a new government of Athens through a series of reforms. In strengthening the common Athenian identity Cleisthenes devised an artificial political division of Athens into ten tribes. The tribes would each include local demes from three different types of areas; the city trittys, the coastal trittys and inland trittys The institution of the Boule was reformed accordingly and would now be a council of 500 male citizens. Each of the ten tribes supplied 50 men to the Council with each of the 50 adhering from its constituting demes and distributed quantitatively according to the size of their population. Under Cleisthenes the Boule attained renewed political power as responsible for the agenda-setting of the legislative body of the Assembly (ekklesia) as well as the formal execution of the political decisions taken in the Assembly. The Council was responsible for about half of the decrees ractified by the Assembly. The boule met every day except for festival days and ill-omened days. According to Aristotle, Cleisthenes introduced the Bouleutic Oath. | Following the Athenian Revolution in 508 B.C. Cleisthenes formed a new government of Athens through a series of reforms. In strengthening the common Athenian identity Cleisthenes devised an artificial political division of Athens into ten tribes. The tribes would each include local demes from three different types of areas; the city trittys, the coastal trittys and inland trittys The institution of the Boule was reformed accordingly and would now be a council of 500 male citizens. Each of the ten tribes supplied 50 men to the Council with each of the 50 adhering from its constituting demes and distributed quantitatively according to the size of their population. Under Cleisthenes the Boule attained renewed political power as responsible for the agenda-setting of the legislative body of the Assembly (ekklesia) as well as the formal execution of the political decisions taken in the Assembly. The Council was responsible for about half of the decrees ractified by the Assembly. The boule met every day except for festival days and ill-omened days. According to Aristotle, Cleisthenes introduced the Bouleutic Oath. | ||
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|trtx=ar: بويل; bg: буле; br: boule; ca: bulé; cs: búlé; de: Bule; en: boule; es: boulé; et: bulee; eu: bule; fa: بوله; fi: bule; fr: boulè; gl: bulé; hu: bulé; id: boule; it: boulé; ja: 五百人評議会; mn: буле; nl: boulè; pl: rada pięciuset; pt: bulé; ru: буле; sh: bule; sl: bule; sq: bule; tr: 500’ler meclisi; uk: буле; zh: 五百人會議 | |trtx=ar: بويل; bg: буле; br: boule; ca: bulé; cs: búlé; de: Bule; en: boule; es: boulé; et: bulee; eu: bule; fa: بوله; fi: bule; fr: boulè; gl: bulé; hu: bulé; id: boule; it: boulé; ja: 五百人評議会; mn: буле; nl: boulè; pl: rada pięciuset; pt: bulé; ru: буле; sh: bule; sl: bule; sq: bule; tr: 500’ler meclisi; uk: буле; zh: 五百人會議 | ||
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