ψιλός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ψιλή, ψιλόν, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[land]], [[bare]], <b class="b3">ψ. ἄροσις</b> [[open]] [[cornland]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.580</span>; [[πεδίον]] μέγα τε καὶ ψ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>; ὁ [[λόφος]] . . δασὺς ἴδῃσί ἐστι, ἐούσης τῆς ἄλλης Λιβύης ψ. <span class="bibl">Id.4.175</span>; ἀπὸ ψ. τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span> 111d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.5</span>, etc.: in full, [γῆ] ψ. δενδρέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.19</span>,<span class="bibl">21</span>; <b class="b3">ἄδενδρα καὶ ψ</b>., of the Alps, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.55.9</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ψ</b>. (sc. [[χωρία]]), opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ὑλώδη</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.7</span>; <b class="b3">τόποι ψ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">4.6</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. γεωργία</b> the [[tillage]] of [[land]] for [[corn]] and the like, opp. <b class="b3">γ. πεφυτευμένη</b> (the tillage of it for [[vine]]s, [[olive]]s, etc.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1258b18</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.20.1</span>; so γῆ ψ. <span class="bibl">Eup. 230</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.115</span>, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.175, 2.33; ἐλαῖαι, ὧν νῦν τὰ πολλὰ ἐκκέκοπται καὶ ἡ γῆ ψ. γεγένηται <span class="bibl">Lys.7.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of animals, [[stripped of hair]] or [[feather]]s, [[smooth]] (cf. [[λεῖος]] <span class="bibl">1.3</span>), δέρμα . . ἐλάφοιο <span class="bibl">Od.13.437</span>; σάρξ Hp.Aër.19; <b class="b3">ἡμίκραιραν ψ. ἔχων</b> with half the head [[shaved]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Th.</span>227</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. γνάθοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">583</span>; τὴν ὀσφὺν κομιδῇ ψ. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.23.4</span> (anap.); used of dogs with a [[short]], [[smooth]] [[coat]] of [[hair]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.2</span>; τὴν δίποδα ἀγέλην τῷ ψ. καὶ τῷ πτεροφυεῖ τέμνειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>266e</span>; ἄνθρωπος -ότατον κατὰ τὸ σῶμα τῶν ζῴων πάντων ἐστί <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>745b16</span>; so <b class="b3">ἶβις ψ. τὴν κεφαλήν</b> [[without feathers]], [[bald]] on the [[head]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.76</span>; [[hairless]], of the [[foetus]] of a [[hare]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.108</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. τὰ περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν</b>, of the [[ostrich]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>697b18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ψιλαὶ Περσικαί</b> Persian [[carpets]], <span class="bibl">Callix.2</span>; such a [[carpet]] is called [[ψιλή]] alone, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>7.858.2</span> (iii B. C., pl.), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Jo.</span>7.21</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλὴ πολύμιτος</b>, [[Babylonicum]], Gloss.; [[ψιλή]] = [[aulaeum]], [[tapeta]], ibid.; cf. [[ψιλόταπις]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[bare]], [[uncovered]], <b class="b3">ψ. ὡς ὁρᾷ νέκυν</b>, i. e. without any [[earth]] over it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>426</span>; of a [[horse]] which has thrown its [[rider]], <span class="title">AP</span>13.18 (Parmeno). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> c. gen., [[bare of]], [[separated from]], <b class="b3">ψ. σώματος οὖσα [ἡ ψυχή</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>899a</span>; τέχναι ψ. τῶν πράξεων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>258d</span>; ψ. ὅπλων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>834c</span>; ἱππέων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.57</span>; θηρία μεμονωμένα καὶ ψ. τῶν Ἰνδῶν <span class="bibl">Plb.11.1.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[stripped of appendages]], [[naked]], <b class="b3">ψ. [τρόπις</b>] the [[bare]] [[keel]] with the planks torn from it, <span class="bibl">Od.12.421</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. μάχαιραι</b> swords [[alone]], [[without other arms]], etc., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.58</span>; <b class="b3">θάλαττα ψ</b>. [[blank]] [[sea]], <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>25(43).50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> freq. in Prose, as a [[military]] term, of [[soldiers without heavy armour]], [[light troops]], such as [[archer]]s and [[slinger]]s, opp. [[ὁπλῖται]], first in <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.158</span>, al., freq. in Th., e. g. ὁπλίζει τὸν δῆμον, πρότερον ψ. ὄντα <span class="bibl">3.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>3.3</span>; ὁ ψ. [[ὅμιλος]] <span class="bibl">Th.4.125</span>; so [[ψιλοί]] or <b class="b3">τὸ ψιλόν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ὁπλιτικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a7</span>; [[ψιλός]], opp. [[ὡπλισμένος]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1123</span>: coupled with [[ἄσκευος]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1029</span>; ψιλὸς στρατεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>232</span>; ψ. δύναμις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a13</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κοῦφαι καὶ αἱ ψ. ἐργασίαι</b> [[work]] [[that belongs to unarmed soldiers]], ib.<span class="bibl">1321a25</span>; ψ. χερσὶν πρὸς καθωπλισμένους <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>6.2</span>: but <b class="b3">ψ. ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν</b> [[bare-headed]], [[without helmet]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.6</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἵππος</b> a [[horse]] [[without housings]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>7.5</span>: [[unarmed]], [[defenceless]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>953</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">λόγος ψ</b>. [[bare]] [[language]], i. e. [[prose]], opp. to [[poetry]] which is clothed in the [[garb]] of [[metre]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>239c</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.97K.; more freq. in plural, ψ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669d</span>; opp. <b class="b3">τὰ μέτρα</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b14</span>,<span class="bibl">33</span>: but in <span class="bibl">D.27.54</span> <b class="b3">ψ. λόγος</b> is a [[mere]] [[speech]], a [[speech]] [[unsupported]] by [[evidence]]; and in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165a</span> <b class="b3">ψιλοὶ λόγοι</b> are [[mere]] [[form]]s of [[argumentation]], [[dialectical]] [[abstraction]]s (so <b class="b3">ψιλῶς λέγειν</b> [[speak]] [[nakedly]], [[without alleging proofs]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>262c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>811e</span>); τὰς πράξεις αὐτὰς ψιλὰς φράζοντες <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1438b27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ποίησις ψ</b>. [[mere]] [[poetry]], [[without music]], i. e. <span class="title">Epic</span> poetry, opp. <span class="title">Lyric</span> (ἡ ἐν ᾠδῇ), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>278c</span>; so ἄνευ ὀργάνων ψ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>215c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1447a29</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. τῷ στόματι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μετ' ὀργάνων</b>, as a kind of [[μουσική]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>268b</span>; λύρας φθόγγοι . . ψιλοὶ καὶ ἀμεικτότεροι τῇ φωνῇ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>922a16</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ψ. φωνή</b> the [[ordinary]] [[sound]] of the [[voice]], opp. [[singing]] (ἡ [[ᾠδική]]), <span class="bibl">D.H. <span class="title">Comp.</span>11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ψ. μουσική</b> [[instrumental]] [[music]] [[unaccompanied by the voice]], opp. <b class="b3">ἡ μετὰ μελῳδίας</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1339b20</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλῷ μέλει διαγωνίζεσθαι πρὸς ᾠδὴν καὶ κιθάραν</b>, of [[Marsyas]], Plu.2.713d, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span> p.100K.; so ψ. [[κιθάρισις]] καὶ [[αὔλησις]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669e</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλὸς αὐλητής</b> one who [[play]]s [[unaccompanied]] on the [[flute]] (cf. [[ψιλοκιθαριστής]]), Phryn. 145. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[mere]], [[simple]] (cf. supr. IV. 1), <b class="b3">ἀριθμητικὴ ψιλή</b>, opp. geometry and the like, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>299e</span>; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ ψ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">σὺν οἴνῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Int.</span>35</span>; ψ. [[ἀναίρεσις]] = [[mere]] [[removal]], <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἄνδρες</b>, i. e. [[men]] [[without]] [[women]], <span class="bibl">Antip.Stoic.3.254</span>:—[[Oedipus]] calls [[Antigone]] his <b class="b3">ψιλὸν ὄμμα</b>, as being the one [[poor]] [[eye]] [[left]] him, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>866</span>. Adv. [[ψιλῶς]] = [[merely]], [[only]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">ἕνεκα τοῦ ψ. εἰπεῖν</b> for the [[purpose]] of [[merely]] [[saying]], Sch. Il.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1086.65; ψ. [[ὀνομάζειν]] = [[call]] by the [[bare]] [[name]] (without [[epithet]]), <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Vit.</span>p.39J.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> Gramm. of vowels, ψ. [[ἦχος]] [[without the spiritus asper]], <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>73</span>; ψ. [[πνεῦμα]] <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>148.9</span>, D.T.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 674.15; [[ψιλῶς]] [[λέγεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>57.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of the letters ε and υ [[written simply]], not as αι and οι, which represented the sounds in late Gr., μαθόντες τὰ διὰ τοῦ διφθόγγου ᾱῑ τυχὸν ἅπαντα, ἐδιδάχθημεν τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ψιλὰ γράφεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Epim.</span>162</span>, cf. <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>1.124: hence [[ἐψιλόν]] as name of the letter ε and [[ὐψιλόν]] as name of υ, which are first found in Anon. post <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Et.Gud.</span>679.6</span>, <span class="bibl">678.55</span>, and Chrysoloras: <b class="b3">ἐ ψιλόν</b> is f. l. in <span class="bibl">D.T.631.5</span>: but in πᾶσα λέξις ἀπὸ τῆς κε συλλαβῆς ἀρχομένη διὰ τοῦ ε ψιλοῦ γράφεται . . πλὴν τοῦ καί, κτλ. <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Epim.</span>62</span>, <b class="b3">ε ψ</b>. is not yet merely the name of the letter: for [[ὐψιλόν]] v. sub [[ὖ]], cf. Sch. Heph.<span class="bibl">p.93C.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of [[mute]] [[consonant]]s, the [[litterae tenues]], <b class="b3">π κ τ,</b> opp. <b class="b3">φ χ θ, ὅσαι γίγνονται χωρὶς τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος ἐκβολῆς</b> <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Aud.</span>804b10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>14</span>, <span class="bibl">D.T.631.21</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλῶς καλεῖν</b> [[pronounce]] [[with a littera tenuis]] for an [[aspirate]], e. g., [[ῥάπυς]] for [[ῥάφυς]], [[ἀσπάραγος]] for [[ἀσφάραγος]], <span class="bibl">Ath.9.369b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.81.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Tz.<span class="title">H.</span>11.58</span>.</span>