ἕως: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A) ἡ, Att. form of the Ion. [[ἠώς]]<br><br>(B), Ep. [[εἵως]], [[ἧος]] (v. sub fin.), Dor. [[ἇς]], Aeol. [[ἆς]] ([[quod vide|qq.v.]]), Boeot. [[ἇς]] <span class="title">IG</span>7.3303, al., and [[ἅως]] ib.2228, 3315. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Relat. Particle, expressing the point of [[time]] up to which an [[action]] goes, with reference to the end of the action, [[until]], [[till]]; or to its continuance, [[while]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[until]], [[till]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with Ind., of a fact in past time, θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, ἧος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.11.342</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.123</span>; ἕως ἀπώλεσέν τε καὐτὸς ἐξαπώλετο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>236</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>428</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>155c</span>, etc.; for πρίν, μὴ πρότερον ἀπελθεῖν ἕως ἀποκατέστησε τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">D.S.27.4</span>: with impf. with [[ἄν]] in apodosi, of an unaccomplished action, <b class="b3">ἡδέως ἂν Καλλικλεῖ διελεγόμην, ἕως ἀπέδωκα</b> I would have gone on conversing [[till]] I had... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>506b</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>396c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἕως ἄν</b> or κε with Subj. (mostly of aor.), of an event at an uncertain future time, <b class="b3">μαχήσομαι . . ἧός κε τέλος πολέμοιο κιχείω</b> [[till]] I find, <span class="bibl">Il.3.291</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.183</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>810</span>, etc.: [[ἄν]] is sometimes omitted in Trag., ἕως μάθῃς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>555</span>; ἕως κληθῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>148</span>; ἕως ἀνῇ τὸ πῆμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>764</span>: so freq. in later Gr., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>18.10</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span> 2.38.16</span> (i B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>14.32</span>, Vett. Val.<span class="bibl">68.18</span>, etc.; ἕως οὗ γένηται <span class="bibl">Gem.8.32</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἕως]] with Opt. (mostly of aor.), relating to an event future in relation to past time, <b class="b3">ὦρσε . . Βορέην, ἧος ὃ Φαιήκεσσι . . μιγείη</b> caused it to blow, [[till]] he should reach... <span class="bibl">Od.5.386</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.376</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>766</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59d</span>; ἕως δέοι βοηθεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.3.102</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Lys.13.25</span>: [[ἄν]] or κε is added to the Opt. (not to [[ἕως]]), if the event is represented as conditional, <b class="b3">ἕως κ' ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη</b> [[till]] (if possible) all things should be given back, <span class="bibl">Od.2.78</span>; οὐκ [ἂν] ἀποκρίναιο, ἕως ἂν σκέψαιο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>101d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>687</span> codd., <span class="bibl">Isoc.17.15</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1328 (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in orat. obliq., ἔδωκεν . . ἕως ἀνὴρ εἶναι δοκιμασθείην <span class="bibl">D.27.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> by assimilation to an opt. with ἄν, [λόγον] ἂν διδοίης ἕως ἔλθοις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>101d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. subj. or opt., expressing purpose, [[in order that]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.800</span>, <span class="bibl">6.80</span>, <span class="bibl">19.367</span>; πορεύου εἰς Διονυσιάδα . . ἕως τὸν ἐκεῖ ἐλαιῶνα ποτίσῃς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>118.12</span> (ii A. D.); <b class="b3">σπούδασον ἕως οὗ ἀγοράσῃ κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>113.25</span> (ii A. D.); <b class="b3">χρυσίον ἐδανισάμην ἕως ὅτε δυνηθῶ ἀγοράσαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">130.13</span> (vi A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> with Inf. in orat. obliq., ἐντειλάμενος διεκπλέειν ἕως . . ἀπικνέεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.42</span>: otherwise only in later Gr., ἕως ἐλθεῖν ἐς . . <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>10.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span> 1.131r251</span> (i A. D.), <span class="bibl">D.H.9.4</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), Anon. ap. Suid.s.v. [[ἰλυσπώμενον]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> with Advbs. of [[time]] and Place, <b class="b3">ἕως ὅτε</b> [[till the time when]], c. ind., [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ἔστε]] in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.1.25</span>; <b class="b3">ἕως οὗ</b>, [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[ἐς οὗ]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.143</span>: freq. in later Gr., Gem.l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>1.25</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἕως ὅτου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.25</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἕως πότε</b>; [[how long]]? ib.<span class="bibl">17.17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>10.24</span>; ἕως τότε <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ne.</span>2.16</span>; <b class="b3">ἕως ὀψέ</b> [[till]] late, [[falsa lectio|f.l.]]for [[ἐς ὀψέ]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.108</span>; ἕως ἄρτι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Jo.</span>2.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἕως ὧδε</b> [[as far as]] this place, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>23.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with Preps., of [[time]], ἕως πρὸς καλὸν ἑῷον ἀστέρα <span class="title">AP</span>5.200; of [[place]], ἕως εἰς τὸν χάρακα <span class="bibl">Plb.1.11.14</span>; ἕως πρὸς τὸν Καύκασον <span class="bibl">D.S.2.43</span>; ἕως ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>17.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> as [[preposition]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> of [[time]], c. gen., [[until]], <b class="b3">ἕως τοῦ ἀποτεῖσαι</b> [[until]] he has made payment, Lexap.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>3.19</span>, etc.; ἕως τελειώσεως <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 2p.38U.</span>; ἕως ὡρισμένων χρόνων Phld.<span class="title">D.</span>1.7; <b class="b3">ἕως τινός</b> [[for]] a [[time]], <span class="bibl">Parth. 9.2</span>, etc.; ἕως τοῦ νῦν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>24.21</span>; <b class="b3">ἕως Ἰωάννου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">11.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of [[place]], ἕως τοῦ γενέσθαι . . [[up to the point where]] .. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>668b2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HA</span>630b27</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.9.36.1</span>; [[as far as]], ἕως Σάρδεων <span class="title">Ath.Mitt.</span>44.25 (Samos, iii B.C.); ἕως τοῦ Ἀρσινοΐτου νομοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>33.5</span> (ii B.C.); ἕως Φοινίκης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>11.19</span>: so c. gen. pers., ἦλθον ἕως αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>4.42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">4 Ki.</span> 4.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> of Number or Degree, <b class="b3">ἕως τριῶν πλοίων</b> Docum. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.106</span>; διδόναι ἕως ταλάντων ἑκατόν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Es.</span>8.19(21)</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ps.</span> 13.3</span>; οὐκ ἔχομεν ἕως τῆς τροφῆς τῶν κτηνῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>56.7</span> (ii B.C.); ἐᾶτε ἕως τούτου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>22.51</span>; μαχοῦμαι ἕως ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου <span class="title">OGI</span>266.29 (Pergam., iii B.C.); ἕως μέθης <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> rarely c. acc., ἕως πρωΐ <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jd.</span>19.25</span>; ἕως μεσημβρίαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.131r346</span>, <span class="bibl">515</span> (i A.D.); <b class="b3">ἕως τὸ βωμῷ</b> [[down to]] the word "[[βωμῷ]]", Sch.<span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.111</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[while]], [[so long as]], c. ind., ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν <span class="bibl">Od.13.315</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">17.358</span>,<span class="bibl">390</span>; ἕως δ' ἔτ' ἔμφρων εἰμί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1026</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>710</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">ἕως ἔτι ἐλπὶς [ἦν</b>] <span class="bibl">Th.8.40</span>; ἕως ἔτινέος εἶ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>135d</span>: in this sense answered in apodosi by [[τῆος]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.90</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.20.41</span>; by [[τόφρα]], <span class="bibl">Od.12.327</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.15</span>; by <b class="b3">τόφρα δέ</b>, <span class="bibl">10.507</span>; by [[δέ]] alone, <span class="bibl">1.193</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.120</span> codd. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἕως ἄν</b> c.subj., when the whole action is future, οὔ μοι . . ἐλπίς, ἕως ἂν αἴθῃ πῦρ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1435</span>; λέγειν τε χρὴ καὶ ἐρωτᾶν, ἕως ἂν ἐῶσιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>85b</span>; οὐδὲν ἔστ' αὐτῷ βεβαίως ἔχειν ἕως ἂν ὑμεῖς δημοκρατῆσθε <span class="bibl">D.10.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[ἕως]] c. opt. in a Conditional relative clause, φήσομεν μηδὲν ἂν μεῖζον μηδὲ ἔλαττον γενέσθαι ἕως ἴσον εἴη αὐτὸ ἐαυτῷ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>155a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> in Hom. sometimes Demonstr.,= [[τέως]], [[for a time]], ἧος μὲν . . ὄρνυον· αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ . . <span class="bibl">Il.12.141</span>; ἧος μὲν ἀπείλει . . · ἀλλ' ὅτε δὴ . . <span class="bibl">13.143</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.727</span>,<span class="bibl">730</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.148</span>; ἧος μὲν . . ἕποντο . . αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ . . <span class="bibl">Il.15.277</span>; [[all that time]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.126</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.74</span>. ([[ἕως]], as iambus, only once in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.2.78</span>; as a monosyll., <span class="bibl">Il.17.727</span>, dub.l. in <span class="bibl">Od.2.148</span>; when the first syllable is to be long codd. Hom. have [[εἵως]] or [[ἕως]] (never [[εἷος]] or [[ἧος]], Ludwich <span class="title">WkP</span>1890.512, exc. ειος [[varia lectio|v.l.]] (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>160</span>) in <span class="bibl">Il.20.41</span>), <span class="bibl">3.291</span>, <span class="bibl">11.342</span>, al.; [[εἵως]] (or [[ἕως]]) is found even when the metre requires a trochee, <span class="bibl">1.193</span>, al.; comparison of Dor. [[ἇς]] (from <b class="b3">*ἇος</b>) with Att.-Ion. [[ἕως]] points to early Ion. <b class="b3">*ἧος</b> (cf. Skt. [[yāvat]] 'as great as, as long as, until') and this should prob. be restored in Hom.; cf. [[τέως]].)</span>