accido: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>ac-cīdo</b>: cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [[caedo]],<br /><b>I</b> to [[begin]] to [[cut]] or to [[cut]] [[into]] [cf.: [[adamo]], [[addubito]], etc.); [[hence]], so to [[cut]] a [[thing]] [[that]] it falls, to [[fell]], to [[cut]] (as [[verb]]. finit. [[very]] [[rare]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: accidunt arbores, [[tantum]] ut [[summa]] [[species]] earum stantium relinquatur, Caes. B. G. 6, 27, 4: accisa [[ornus]] ferro, Verg. A. 2, 626; cf.: [[velut]] accisis recrescenti stirpibus, Liv. 26, 41, 22: accisis crinibus, [[cut]] [[close]], Tac. G. 19: ab locustis [[genus]] omne acciditur frugum, eaten up, Arnob. 1, 3.—Poet., to [[use]] up: [[fames]] accisis coget dapibus consumere mensas, Verg. A. 7, 125.—<br /><b>II</b> Fig., to [[impair]], [[weaken]]: ita [[proelio]] uno accidit Vestinorum res, ut, etc., Liv. 8, 29, 12; so, [[post]] accisas a Camillo Volscorum res, id. 6, 5, 2; cf. 6, 12, 6.—Hence, accīsus, a, um, P. a., [[cut]] [[off]] or [[down]]; impaired, [[ruined]]: accisae res (opp. integrae), [[troubled]], [[disordered]], or [[unfortunate]] [[state]] of things: res, Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34; Liv. 3, 10, 8; 8, 11, 12 al.: copiae, Hirt. B. G. 8, 31; Liv. 8, 11, 8: [[robur]] juventutis, id. 7, 29 fin.: [[opes]], Hor. S. 2, 2, 114: accisae desolataeque gentes, Sil. 8, 590: [[reliquiae]] (hostium), Tac. A. 1, 61.<br /><b>ac-cĭdo</b>: cīdi, no<br /><b>I</b> [[sup]]., 3, v. n. [[cado]], to [[fall]] [[upon]] or [[down]] [[upon]] a [[thing]], to [[reach]] it by falling.<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen. constr. [[with]] ad, in, [[local]] adverbs, [[with]] dat. or absol.: [[utinam]] ne accidisset abiegna ad terram [[trabes]], Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22 (Trag. p. 281 ed. Vahl., [[where]] it is: accĕdisset, acc. to the MSS., v. Vahl. N. v.): signa de [[caelo]] ad terram, Plaut. Rud. prol. 8; so, tam crebri ad terram accidebant [[quam]] pira, id. Poen. 2, 38: [[trabs]] in humum [[accidens]], Varr. ap. Non. 494 fin.; so, [[imago]] aetheris ex oris in terrarum accidat oras, Lucr. 4, 215: [[rosa]] in mensas, Ov. F. 5, 360: quo [[Castalia]] per struices saxeas lapsu accidit, Liv. Andr. ap. Fest. p. 310 Müll. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 5): ut [[missa]] [[tela]] gravius acciderent, [[fall]] [[upon]], [[hit]], Caes. B. G. 3, 14; so Liv. 2, 50, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp.: a. ad genua or genibus, of a [[suppliant]], to [[fall]] at one's knees: me orat [[mulier]] lacrimansque ad genua accidit, Enn. ap. Non. 517, 15 (Com. v. 9 ed. Vahl.); so Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 18; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Claud. 10; for [[which]]: genibus praetoris, Liv. 44, 31; also: ad [[pedes]], Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5, and absol.: quo accĭdam? quo applicem? Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 114 ed. Vahl., [[where]] it is accĕdam).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Transf., to [[strike]] the senses, to [[reach]] a [[thing]] by [[means]] of the senses; constr. [[with]] ad, the dat. or acc.: vox, [[sermo]] accidit ad aurīs (or auribus; also, aurīs alicujus), the [[voice]], the [[speech]] falls [[upon]] or reaches the [[ear]]: [[nota]] vox ad aurīs accidit, Att. ap. Non. 39, 5: nova res molitur ad aurīs accidere, Lucr. 2, 1024; and: [[nihil]] tam populare ad populi Romani aurīs accidisse, Cic. Sest. 50, 107: auribus, Liv. 24, 46, 5; Quint. 12, 10, 75: aurīs, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 31; absol., Liv. 10, 5, 2; 27, 15, 16 sq.; Curt. 4, 4, 5 al.; cf. also: [[clamor]] accidit ad aurīs, Liv. 26, 40, 10; and absol.: [[clamor]] accidit, id. 4, 33, 9; 40, 32, 2; [[likewise]]: [[nomen]] famaque alicujus accidit ad aliquem, id. 21, 10, 12; v. Fabri ad h. l.—Hence [[sometimes]] in Livy: vox or [[fama]] accidit (ad aurīs or ad aliquem), [[with]] an acc. c. inf.: ut vox [[etiam]] ad hostes accideret captum [[Cominium]] esse, Liv. 10, 41, 7: [[quia]] [[repente]] [[fama]] accidit classem Punicam adventare, the [[report]] came, id. 27, 29, 7; v. Weissenb. a. h. l.<br /><b>II</b> Fig.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., to [[fall]] [[out]], [[come]] to [[pass]], [[happen]], [[occur]]; and [[with]] dat. pers., to [[happen]] to, to [[befall]] one. (The [[distinction]] [[between]] the syn. [[evenio]], [[accido]], and [[contingo]] is this: [[evenio]], i. e. ex-[[venio]], is used of [[either]] [[fortunate]] or [[unfortunate]] events: [[accido]], of occurrences [[which]] [[take]] us by [[surprise]]; [[hence]] it is used [[either]] of an [[indifferent]], or, [[which]] is its [[general]] [[use]], of an [[unfortunate]] [[occurrence]]: [[contingo]], i. e. contango, indicates [[that]] an [[event]] accords [[with]] one's wishes; and [[hence]] is [[generally]] used of [[fortunate]] events. As Isid. says, Differ. 1: Contingunt bona: accidunt [[mala]]: eveniunt utraque): res accidit, Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Id acciderat, ut [[Galli]] [[consilium]] caperent, ib. 3, 2: si [[quid]] adversi acciderit, Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 121; cf. ib. 1, 26, 57: nollem accidisset [[tempus]], in quo, etc., id. Fam. 3, 10: si [[qua]] [[calamitas]] accidisset, id. Verr. 2, 3, 55: id. Rosc. Am. 34: [[contra]] opinionem accidit, Caes. B. G. 3, 9: pejus Sequanis accidit, ib. 1, 31: [[periculum]] accidit, ib. 3, 3: [[detrimentum]] accidit, ib. 7, 52. Also of [[fortunate]] occurrences: omnia [[tibi]] accidisse gratissima, Cic. Fam. 3, 1; 11, 15: accidit [[satis]] [[opportune]], Caes. B. G. 4, 22; cf. Brem. Nep. Milt. 1, 1; Herz. Caes. B. G. 7, 3.—Constr. [[with]] ut (Zumpt, § 621), [[sometimes]] [[with]] [[quod]]: accidit [[perincommode]], [[quod]] eum [[nusquam]] vidisti, Cic. Att. 1, 17; or [[with]] inf.: nec [[enim]] acciderat mihi [[opus]] esse, id. Fam. 6, 11. Pleonast. in narrations: accidit ut, it happened, or came to [[pass]], [[that]]: accidit ut una nocte omnes Hermae deicerentur, it happened [[that]], etc., Nep. Alc. 3, 2; so Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; id. Att. 1, 5, 4 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In [[part]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Si [[quid]] cui accidat, or si [[quid]] [[humanitus]] accidat, euphemist. for to [[die]]; if [[any]] [[thing]] should [[happen]] to one (for [[which]] [[Ennius]] says: si [[quid]] me fuerit [[humanitus]], Ann. v. 128 ed. Vahl.): si [[quid]] [[pupillo]] accidisset, Cic. Inv. 2, 21; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; si [[quid]] mihi [[humanitus]] accidisset, Cic. Phil. 1, 4; Dig. 34, 4, 30 § 2 al. (cf. the Greek εἴ τι πάθοι); so, per aposiopesin, [[sive]]—[[quod]] heu [[timeo]], [[sive]] [[superstes]] eris, Ov. Her. 13, 164. (But Cic. Mil. 22, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 35, and [[similar]] passages, are to be taken in the [[usual]] signif.)—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[turn]] [[out]] (this [[very]] [[rare]]): [[timeo]] “[[incertum]]” hoc [[quorsum]] accidat, Ter. And. 1, 5, 29: si [[secus]] acciderit, Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 2. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gram., to belong to: plurima huic (verbo) accidunt (i. e. [[genus]], tempora), Quint. 1, 5, 41 al.

{{Georges

|georg=(1) ac-cido¹, cidī, ere (ad u. [[cado]]), an [[etwas]] [[hinfallen]], -[[anfallen]], [[auf]] [[etwas]] [[auffallen]], [[bei]] [[etwas]] [[niederfallen]], I) eig.: A) im allg.: ad terram, Enn. u. Plaut.: in humum, Varr.: m. Dat., terrae, Sen. poët.: m. bl. Acc., terram segetemque accidere incendia, Lucr. – B) insbes.: 1) [[von]] Geschossen = [[nach]] einem Orte [[hinfallen]], wo [[niederfallen]], [[auffallen]], [[tela]] ab omni parte accidebant, Liv.: [[missa]] ([[tela]]) gravius accidere, Caes.: cum [[tela]] ex superiore [[loco]] [[missa]] [[non]] [[frustra]] acciderent, Liv. – 2) [[von]] Pers.: a) [[von]] [[Hilfe]] od. [[Gnade]] Flehenden = [[vor]] jmds. Knien od. Füßen bittend ([[supplex]], [[ἱκέτης]]) [[niederfallen]], [[niedersinken]], [[sich]] [[niederwerfen]], jmd. fußfällig [[bitten]] od. [[anflehen]] ([[wie]] προςπίπτειν), ad [[pedes]] omnium, Cic.: ad alcis genua, Ter., u. alci ad genua, Suet.: u. genibus alcis, Liv.: u. so [[quo]] accidam? [[vor]] wem soll [[ich]] mich [[niederwerfen]]? Enn. fr. 114 V. – [[mit]] [[supplex]], [[wie]] ad genua [[accido]] [[supplex]], Sen. Troad. 700: u. [[pro]] libertate vestra supplicem [[vobis]] accidere ([[wie]] ἱκέτην προςπίπτειν), Rut. Lup. 2, 6 ([[dazu]] Ruhnk.). – b) [[plötzlich]] jmdm. [[über]] den [[Hals]] [[kommen]], de [[improviso]], Sall.: [[quo]] [[improvisus]] gravior accideret, um [[unerwartet]] [[einen]] [[desto]] empfindlicheren [[Streich]] zu [[führen]], Sall. – 3) ([[von]] sinnlichen Wahrnehmungen) = die Sinne [[treffen]] = [[bis]] zu ihnen [[dringen]], -[[kommen]], α) [[mit]] [[Angabe]] [[des]] Sinnes, ad aures, Cic. Sest. 107: u. bl. Dat. auribus ([[von]] [[Tönen]], Worten, [[Geschrei]] usw., [[auch]] [[Regen]]), Cic. u.a.: u. bl. aures, Plaut. [[Stich]]. 88 u. Val. Flacc. 2, 452. (Vgl. Lachm. Lucr. 5, 608. Sorof Cic. de or. 2, 29. Ruhnk. Rut. Lup. 1, 17. Heins. Val. Flacc. 2, 452.) – [[vox]] accidit ad hostes, Liv.: ut notae litterarum [[totae]] ad oculos legentium acciderent, Petr. 105: acc. ad oculos animumque, [[vor]] Augen u. in den [[Sinn]] [[kommen]], Cic.: [[quam]] [[res]] nova miraque menti accidat, [[wie]] [[seltsam]] [[dieser]] [[Gedanke]] [[scheinen]] mag, Lucr. – u. so [[mit]] Infin., [[quidque]] homini lubere accidit posse retur, Plaut. Amph. 171 G. – β) [[mit]] [[Angabe]] der [[Person]], zu der [[etwas]] dringt: nilne ad te de iudicio armûm accidit? Pacuv. fr.: ut [[vox]] [[etiam]] ad hostes accideret, zu den F. drang, Liv.: ne maioris multitudinis [[species]] accidere hostibus posset, [[damit]] dem Feinde die [[Anzahl]] der [[Truppen]] [[nicht]] größer [[erscheinen]] möchte, Hirt. b.G. – γ) absol. = zu Ohren [[dringen]], zu Ohren [[kommen]] od. gebracht [[werden]], hinterbracht [[werden]] ([[wie]] προςπίπτειν), concitatior [[clamor]] [[accidens]] ab increscente [[pugna]], Liv.: [[unde]] ([[clamor]]) accidisset, [[woher]] es (das [[Geschrei]]) komme, Liv.: [[clamor]] [[deinde]] accidit [[novus]], Liv.: [[fama]] accidit, classem Punicam adventare, es kam das [[Gerücht]] od. die [[Nachricht]] (zu Ohren) [[von]] der [[Annäherung]] der p. Fl., Liv.; vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 10, 12. Drak. Liv. 40, 32, 2.<br />'''II)''' übtr.: 1) im allg.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus lapsa [[fortuna]] accidat (zu [[Boden]] sinkt), Enn. tr. 371 (396): [[eodem]] die [[istuc]] [[verbum]] [[vere]] in te accidit, ist [[mit]] [[Recht]] in [[Bezug]] [[auf]] dich gesprochen worden, Ter. Andr. 885. – 2) ([[von]] Ereignissen usw.) [[vorfallen]], [[vorkommen]], [[eintreten]], [[sich]] [[ereignen]], [[sich]] [[zutragen]], [[geschehen]] (u. [[zwar]] [[zufällig]], [[unerwartet]] od. [[unvorhergesehen]], [[wie]] προςπίπτειν, συμβαίνειν); [[mit]] Dat. = jmdm. od. [[einer]] [[Sache]] [[widerfahren]], [[begegnen]], [[zustoßen]] (συμβαίνειν τινί), [[raro]] acc., Ggstz. crebriores [[esse]], Cornif. rhet.: [[supra]] [[omnia]] [[quae]] accidunt continguntque [[eminens]], Sen.: [[timeo]], ne [[illi]] me accusante [[aliquid]] accidat, es könnte ihm [[etwas]] [[geschehen]], Cic.: si [[quid]] secundi evenisset..., si [[quid]] adversi accidisset, Nep.: [[quicquid]] acciderit, jedes [[Begebnis]], Cic.: si [[aliter]] acciderit, Cic.: negotia, si [[qua]] acciderent, [[etwa]] vorkommende Geschäfte, Cic.: esset [[vitium]], si [[non]] peteretur, [[sed]] accideret, [[wenn]] es [[nicht]] [[absichtlich]], [[sondern]] [[zufällig]] wäre, Quint.: potest accidere [[promissum]] aliquod et [[conventum]], ut etc., Cic.: [[illud]] [[etiam]] accidit [[praeter]] [[optatum]] [[meum]], [[sed]] [[valde]] ex voluntate, Cic.: nollem accidisset [[tempus]], in [[quo]] etc., Cic..: si [[quod]] [[tempus]] accidisset, [[quo]] tempore etc., Cic.: si [[qua]] [[calamitas]] accidisset, Cic.: si [[quid]] acciderit, Cic.: si [[quid]] adversi accidisset, Caes., Ggstz. si [[quid]] secundi evenisset, Nep.: si [[quid]] gravius od. si gravius [[quid]] acciderit od. accidisset, im [[Fall]] [[einer]] [[Niederlage]], Caes.: m. Dat., [[qualis]] si [[qui]] ([[dux]]) [[nunc]] esset, [[tibi]] [[idem]], [[quod]] illis accidit, contigisset, Cic.: [[haec]] et [[omnia]], [[quae]] homini accidere possunt, [[ita]] [[fero]], ut etc., Cic.: horum [[mihi]] [[nihil]] accidisset, si [[aut]] [[Agrippa]] [[aut]] [[Maecenas]] vixisset, Sen.: [[nihil]] accidet ei [[separatim]] a reliquis civibus, es wird ihm [[nicht]] [[anders]] [[ergehen]], [[wie]] den übr. B., Cic.: [[nescio]] an [[tibi]] gratius opportuniusque acciderit, Cic.: cum [[hoc]] [[illi]] improvisum [[atque]] inopinatum accidisset, Cic.: si [[quid]] gravius ei a Caesare accidisset, [[wenn]] C. strenger [[gegen]] ihn verführe, Caes.: [[tantum]] [[flagitium]] civitati accidere, Claud. Quadrig. fr.: accidit fortunis omnium [[pernicies]], Cic. – Dah. insbes.: a) accidit = es ereignet [[sich]], trifft [[sich]], tritt der [[Fall]] [[ein]], kommt [[vor]], trägt [[sich]] zu, geschieht, si [[ita]] ([[forte]]) accidisset, Cic.: [[mit]] folg. ut u. Konjunktiv ([[wenn]] der [[Fall]] [[als]] [[ein]] [[noch]] [[nicht]] gekannter, [[sich]] [[erst]] gestaltender dargestellt wird), [[wie]] casu accidit, ut id [[primus]] nuntiaret, Cic.: [[non]] potuisset accidere, ut unum [[genus]] esset omnium, [[nisi]] etc., Cic.: od. m. folg. [[quod]] ([[wenn]] der [[Fall]] [[als]] [[schon]] vorhanden vorausgesetzt wird), [[wie]] accidit perin-[[commode]], [[quod]] [[eum]] [[nusquam]] vidisti, daß du ihn [[nirgends]] gesehen hast, ist [[ein]] unseliger [[Zufall]], Cic.: od. m. folg. Infinit. od. Acc. u. Infinit. ([[wenn]] der [[Fall]] [[als]] [[Vorstellung]], abstrakter [[Begriff]] dargestellt wird), [[nec]] acciderat [[mihi]] [[opus]] [[esse]], Cic.: cum [[inique]] accidat turpem aestimationem sequi, Cic.: [[illud]] [[vero]] [[mihi]] permirum accidit, tantam temeritatem fuisse in [[illo]] adulescente, Cic.; vgl. Jordan zu Cic. Caecin. 8. p. 155; od. m. folg. ne u. Konjunktiv, [[nihil]] [[autem]] est [[pro]] [[certo]] futurum, [[quod]] potest aliquā procuratione accidere, ne fiat, Cic. – b) si [[quid]] alci accidat (od. accideret od. acciderit od. accidisset), d.i. α) [[mit]] u. [[ohne]] [[humanitus]] = [[wenn]] jmdm. [[etwas]] (Menschliches) [[zustoßen]] od. [[begegnen]] sollte, euphemist. = [[wenn]] er [[sterben]] sollte ([[wie]] εἴ τι πάθοι od. ἤν τι [[πάθη]] od. εἴ τι γένοιτο περὶ αυτον), Cic., Vell. u.a. Vgl. Muncker zu Hyg. fab. 109. – β) = [[wenn]] ihm [[etwas]] ([[ein]] Unfall) [[zustoßen]] od. [[begegnen]] sollte, euphemist. = [[wenn]] es [[unglücklich]] (im Kampfe usw.) [[gehen]] sollte u. dgl., Cic. u.a. – 3) [[ausfallen]], [[ablaufen]], [[bene]], Plaut.: alci [[opportune]], Caes.: [[incommode]], Caes.: [[peius]] victoribus Sequanis [[quam]] Aeduis victis accidisse, es ist schlimmer [[für]] die Sequaner ausgefallen, Caes.: [[hoc]] [[quorsum]] accidat, Ter.: si [[secus]] [[oder]] [[aliter]] acciderit, [[wenn]] es [[anders]], d.i. [[nicht]] [[nach]] [[Wunsch]] [[ausfallen]] sollte, Cic.: ut ([[gesetzt]] daß) [[omnia]] [[contra]] opinionem acciderent, Caes. – 4) [[als]] gramm. u. rhet. t.t., [[einer]] [[Sache]] gleichs. [[noch]] anfällig [[werden]], zu etw. [[als]] etw. Besonderes [[noch]] [[hinzukommen]], plurima [[huic]] verbo accidunt ([[wie]] [[genus]], [[tempora]] etc.), Quint.: [[cetera]], [[quae]] ei generi accidunt, ihm [[als]] Arten [[untergeordnet]] [[werden]], Quint. – / Partiz. accidēns subst., Abl. Sing. ab accidenti, Plin. Val. 3, 12 in.: ex accidenti, Aquil. Rom. 16. Iulian. dig. 35, 2, 51. Serv. Verg. Aen. 1, 640. – Nbf. [[accado]] ([[hinfallen]]), wov. accadens, Sen. suas. 6, 3.<br />'''(2)''' ac-cīdo², cīdī, cīsum, ere (ad u. [[caedo]]), [[anhauen]], [[anschneiden]], prägn., anhauend [[abhauen]], [[umhauen]], I) eig.: [[aut]] ab radicibus subruere [[aut]] accidere arbores, [[anschneiden]], Caes. b.G. 6, 27, 4. – Gew. prägn., antiquam in montibus ornum ferro, Verg.: [[suboles]] [[velut]] accisis recrescens stirpibus (im Bilde), Liv.: omne [[genus]] frugum, [[befressen]] u. [[benagen]] = [[abnagen]] (v. Heuschrecken u. Mäusen), Arnob.: dapes, [[aufessen]], Verg. – II) übtr., [[schmälern]], [[schwächen]], [[entkräften]], [[herunterbringen]], [[hart]] [[mitnehmen]], schwere Verluste [[beibringen]], im [[Passiv]] [[auch]] = [[herunterkommen]], schwere Verluste [[erleiden]], [[ita]] [[proelio]] [[uno]] Vestinorum [[res]], ut etc., Liv.: Latinorum [[etsi]] [[pariter]] accisae copiae sint, Liv.: robore iuventutis suae acciso, Liv.: civitatum copias eo [[proelio]] [[esse]] accisas sciebat, Hirt. b.G.: [[res]], [[quamquam]] sunt accisae, [[tamen]] efferent se [[aliquando]] et ad renovandum [[bellum]] revirescent, Cic.: accidere [[autem]] [[oportet]] [[singula]]; [[sic]] universa franguntur, Cic.: [[post]] accisas a Camillo Volscorum [[res]], Liv.: [[opes]] accisae (Ggstz. [[opes]] integrae), Hor.

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