civilis: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>cīvīlis</b>: e, adj. [[civis]].<br /><b>I</b> Of or pertaining to citizens, [[civil]], [[civic]] ([[class]]. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]], and [[very]] freq.): [[sanguine]] civili rem conflant, by the [[blood]] of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1: conjuratio, id. ib. 5, 12, 2: [[bellum]], id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: bella, Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1: [[genus]] belli, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7: [[facinus]], Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the [[title]] of a [[portion]] of the Commentaries of [[Julius]] Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4: [[discordia]], Sall. C. 5, 2: [[dissensio]], id. J. 41 fin.: discidii specie, Tac. A. 14, 60: irae, id. ib. 1, 43: [[acies]], Ov. M. 7, 142: [[arma]], [[civil]] [[war]], Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9: [[aestus]], Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47: [[Mars]], Ov. H. 6, 35: busta, Prop. 2, 1, 27: [[victoria]], Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.: [[praeda]], id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.: mos consuetudoque, Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.[[just]] [[before]]: instituta civilia: [[conciliatio]] et [[societas]], id. N. D. 2, 31, 78: [[facinus]], id. Att. 7, 13, 1: [[clamor]], Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf. [[robur]], id. 28, 44, 5: curae, Hor. C. 3, 8, 17: [[quercus]] = [[corona]] civica (v. [[civicus]], I.), Verg. A. 6, 772: [[civilis]] [[dies]], the [[civil]] [[day]] (from [[midnight]] to [[midnight]]; opp. to the [[naturalis]] [[dies]], from the [[rising]] to the setting of the [[sun]]), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3: [[amor]] (opp. to [[naturalis]]), [[between]] citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp.: jus civile.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> In gen., [[private]] rights, the [[law]], as it protects citizens in [[their]] [[status]], [[property]], etc.: jus civile est [[aequitas]] constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas, Cic. Top. 2, 9: [[sit]] [[ergo]] in jure civili [[finis]] hic: legitimae [[atque]] usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis [[conservatio]], id. de Or. 1, 42, 188: qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc., id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.; opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines [[nondum]] [[neque]] naturali [[neque]] civili jure descripto fusi, etc., Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> The [[body]] of Roman [[law]] relating to [[private]] rights, the Civil Law: ut si [[quis]] dicat jus civile id esse, [[quod]] in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, [[more]], aequitate consistat, Cic. Top. 5, 28: hoc civile (jus) [[quod]] dicimus (opp. [[causa]] universi juris ac legum), id. Leg. 1, 5, 17: de jure civili si [[quis]] [[novi]] [[quid]] instituit, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109; opp. jus nationum, id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18; opp. jus [[praetorium]], the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam [[quod]] agas [[mecum]] ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes, id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In narrower [[sense]], the [[code]] of [[procedure]], the forms of [[process]] in the Roman [[law]]: civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit ([[Licinius]]), Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.: jus civile per [[multa]] saecula [[inter]] sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. [[Flavius]] vulgavit, Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.: inteream si... [[novi]] civilia jura, Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Relating to [[public]] or [[political]] [[life]], [[political]], [[public]], [[state]]-: [[scientia]], [[politics]], [[political]] [[science]], Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33: quaestiones, id. 2, 15, 36: officia, id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27: civilium rerum [[peritus]], Tac. H. 2, 5: mersor civilibus undis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a [[statesman]], πολιτικος, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp. [[civil]], opp. [[military]] ([[first]] in Livy): is [[gravis]] annis non militaribus [[solum]] sed civilibus [[quoque]] abscesserat muneribus, Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.: [[civilis]] res [[haud]] [[magnopere]] obeuntem bella excitabant, id. 6, 22, 7.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (cf. [[popularis]], and the Gr. [[κοινός]]), demeaning one's [[self]] as a [[citizen]]; [[hence]] of [[distinguished]] persons, [[courteous]], [[polite]], [[civil]], [[affable]], [[urbane]] (so not [[before]] the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.; in Quint. [[only]] [[once]]): [[quid]] [[enim]] civilius [[illo]]? Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13: [[sermo]], Liv. 6, 40, 15: [[animus]], id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12: parumque id non civile [[modo]] sed humanum [[etiam]] [[visum]], [[unbecoming]] a [[private]] [[citizen]], Liv. 5, 23, 5: et [[humano]] ingressu, Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.: incessu, Plin. [[Pan]]. 83, 7: civile [[ingenium]], mira [[comitas]], Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: [[arma]], id. H. 4, 3: civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi, id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. [[Pan]]. 78, 4; 87, 1: [[civilis]] [[circa]] amicos, Eutr. 7, 13: in cunctos, id. 10, 16.—Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., [[courtesy]]: si [[quicquam]] in [[vobis]] non [[dico]] [[civilis]] sed humani esset, Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Acc. to I.) Citizen-[[like]]: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In [[judicial]] [[language]], [[civilly]] (opp. [[criminally]]): agere, Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Acc. to 2.) As becomes a [[citizen]], [[courteously]], [[kindly]], Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.—Comp.: civilius, Plin. [[Pan]]. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.—Sup.: civilissime, Eutr. 7, 8.

{{Georges

|georg=(1) cīvīlis¹, e ([[civis]]), Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl., I) den [[Bürger]] (u. insbes. den [[Mitbürger]]) betreffend, [[bürgerlich]], [[Bürger]]-, [[des]] Bürgers, der [[Bürger]], [[des]] Mitbürgers, der [[Mitbürger]], 1) eig.: [[mos]], Cic.: [[clamor]], Liv.: [[furor]], Hor.: [[sanguis]], Cic.: [[cruor]], Cic.: [[bellum]], Cic.: [[victoria]], [[über]] [[Mitbürger]], Nep. Epam. 10, 3 u. Pelop. 5, 4, im Bürgerkriege, Sall. Iug. 45, 9: [[quercus]], poet. = [[corona]] civica (s. cīvicus), Verg.: [[ius]], entweder (im [[weit]]. Sinne) das bürgerliche [[Staatsrecht]] (Ggstz. [[ius]] [[naturale]]), Cic., Hor. u.a., od. (im engern Sinne) das [[Zivilrecht]], Privatrecht (Ggstz. [[ius]] [[publicum]]), Cic.: [[actio]], [[Klage]] eines Bürgers [[gegen]] seinen [[Mitbürger]], Cic.: [[controversia]], Cic.: [[dies]], der bürgerliche [[Tag]] ([[von]] [[Mitternacht]] [[bis]] [[Mitternacht]], Ggstz. [[dies]] [[naturalis]], vom [[Aufgang]] [[bis]] zum [[Untergang]] der [[Sonne]]), Varr.: so [[auch]] [[annus]], das aus 365 bürgerlichen Tagen bestehende [[Jahr]], Gell. – 2) übtr.: a) [[bürgerlich]] = [[voll]] Bürgersinn; [[populär]] = [[gemeinnützig]], dem [[Gemeinwohl]] [[zuträglich]], [[nulli]] [[civilis]] [[animus]], Liv. 45, 32, 5: at [[hercule]] [[sermo]] est [[minime]] c., Liv. 6, 40, 15: [[neque]] magistratum continuari [[satis]] civile [[esse]], Liv. 27, 6, 4: neutr. subst., si [[quicquam]] in [[vobis]] [[non]] [[dico]] [[civilis]], [[sed]] humani esset, [[wenn]] in [[auch]] [[noch]] [[ein]] [[Funke]], [[nicht]] [[etwa]] [[von]] Bürgersinn, [[aber]] [[doch]] [[von]] [[Menschlichkeit]] wäre, Liv. 5, 3, 9: [[quid]] civilius ordinatione? [[wodurch]] kann [[man]] [[sich]] um [[Bürger]] verdienter [[machen]] [[als]] [[durch]] Verleihung [[einer]] ordentlichen [[Verfassung]], Plin. ep. 8, 24, 7. – b) [[populär]] = [[leutselig]], gewinnend, herablassend, [[höflich]], [[schonend]], [[animus]], Suet.: [[ingenium]], Tac.: [[ingressus]], Quint.: [[genus]] vitae, Suet.: [[quid]] civilius [[illo]] (patre patriae), Ov.: aequissimum se et civilissimum praebuit, Eutr. – m. Abl., [[civilis]] ingressu, Plin. pan. 83, 7. – m. in u. Abl., in colloquiis, [[etiam]] humilissimorum, civilissimus fuit, Spart. Hadr. 20, 1: [[civilis]] in [[semet]] augendo, Suet. Claud. 12, 1. – m. [[circa]] od. in u. Akk., [[civilis]] [[circa]] quosdam amicos, Eutr. 7, 13: [[civilis]] in cunctos, Eutr. 10, 16. – civile reabatur [[mit]] folg. Infin. Präs. Pass., Tac. ann. 1, 54. – n. pl. subst., [[plus]] [[quam]] civilia agitare, Tac. ann. 1, 12: civilia loqui de se, Tac. hist. 4, 5. – II) den [[Staat]] od. [[Staatsdienst]] betreffend, [[öffentlich]], Staats-, a) übh.: [[oratio]], Cic.: [[res]], Cic.: officia, Quint.: [[scientia]], [[ratio]], [[Staatswissenschaft]], Cic.: rerum civilium [[cognitio]], [[Staatskunde]], Cic.: [[vir]], [[Staatsmann]] (ἀνώρ [[πολιτικός]]), Quint.: dass. civilium rerum [[peritus]], Tac.: [[fluctus]], procellae, [[des]] Staatslebens, Nep. – b) dem Zivildienst betreffend, Zivil- (Ggstz. [[militaris]], [[bellicus]]), officia (Ggstz. bellica off.), Cic. de off. 1, 122: [[non]] militaria [[solum]] [[sed]] civilia [[quoque]] munera, Liv. 9, 3, 5: civiles [[res]] (Ggstz. bella), Liv. 6, 22, 7. – n. pl. subst., ut militarium [[aliquis]] ad civilia (zum Zivildienste, zur Zivilverwaltung) transiret, Amm. 21, 16, 3.

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