excuso: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>ex-cūso</b>: (excuss-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [[causa]]; cf. [[accuso]], from ad-[[causa]]; qs. to [[release]] from a [[charge]], to [[free]] from [[blame]]; [[hence]],<br /><b>I</b> to [[excuse]] a [[person]] or [[thing]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a [[personal]] [[object]], aliquem alicui: Atticae meae velim me ita excuses, ut omnem culpam in te transferas, Cic. Att. 15, 28; cf.: aliquem alicui per litteras, id. Fam. 11, 15, 1; and: his omnibus me [[vehementer]] excusatum [[volo]], id. Verr. 2, 1, 40, § 103.—With [[quod]]: Titium excusavit Vespa [[Terentius]], [[quod]] eum brachium fregisse diceret, id. de Or. 2, 62, 253: [[Libo]] excusat Bibulum, [[quod]] is, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 16, 3: [[primum]] me [[tibi]] [[excuso]] in eo ipso, in quo te [[accuso]], Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1: se de [[aliqua]] re, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1: de me excusando [[apud]] Apuleium, dederam ad te litteras, Cic. Att. 12, 14, 1: se alicui, Plaut. As. 4, 2, 4; Quint. 4, 1, 75 et saep.—In [[pass]].: [[cura]], ut excuser morbi [[causa]] in [[dies]] singulos, Cic. Att. 12, 13, 2: si [[citatus]] judex non responderit excuseturque [[Areopagites]] esse, etc., excuses [[himself]] as [[being]], etc., id. Phil. 5, 5, 14: dixi, [[cur]] [[excusatus]] abirem, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 7: [[apud]] Appuleium in [[dies]] ut excuser videbis, Cic. Att. 12, 15, 1: me excusatum esse [[apud]] Appuleium a Laterense, id. ib. 12, 17, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With inanim. or abstr. objects, to [[excuse]], apologize for: Varroni memineris excusare tarditatem litterarum mearum, Cic. Att. 15, 26 fin.: habitum permutatum, Quint. 3, 7, 6: [[palliolum]], fascias, etc. (sola [[valetudo]]), id. 11, 3, 144: commentarios, id. 10, 7, 31: missos ignes, Ov. M. 2, 397; dolorem, id. ib. 4, 256: toros, Stat. Th. 2, 256: reditum Agrippinae ob imminentem partum et hiemem, her not [[returning]], Tac. A. 1, 44.<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Aliquid (alicui), i. q. se [[propter]] aliquid, to [[allege]] in [[excuse]], to [[plead]] as an [[excuse]], to [[excuse]] one's [[self]] [[with]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc.: propinquitatem excusavit, Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 1: morbum, id. ib. 9, 4, 8: inopiam ([[with]] calamitatem queri), Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3: valetudinem, Liv. 6, 22 fin.: imbecillitatem, Suet. Tib. 6: [[vires]], Ov. M. 14, 462: diversa, Tac. A. 3, 11 et saep.: [[ille]] Philippo Excusare laborem et mercenaria vincla, Quod non [[mane]] domum venisset, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 67: dictatorem se [[apud]] patres excusare solitum, Liv. 6, 39, 4: aliquid [[apud]] aliquem, Curt. 5, 10, 8; Suet. Tib. 68.—Pass.: quae [[apud]] Vitellium excusanda erant, Tac. H. 2, 85: excusata [[necessitas]] praesentium, id. ib. 1, 78: excusata rei [[familiaris]] mediocritate, Suet. Aug. 101: [[excusatus]] [[languor]] faucium, [[propter]] quem non adesset, id. Ner. 41 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With an [[object]]-[[clause]]: si prehensi sumus, excusemus, ebrios Nos fecisse, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 19 ([[but]] in id. Merc. 2, 3, 126, the [[correct]] [[reading]] is incusato, v. Ritschl ad h. l.): excusanti, [[minus]] datum ad occultandam facinoris invidiam, Suet. Ner. 33; id. Aug. 69.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Aliquem ab [[aliqua]] re, [[aliqua]] re, or alicui rei, to [[excuse]], [[absolve]] one from [[any]] [[thing]]; to [[discharge]], [[dispense]] [[with]] one (postAug.): a coepta ([[tutela]]) excusari, Dig. 27, 1, 11: collegarum filiorum [[tutela]] excusari, ib. 9; cf. Ambros. in Psa. 1, § 46: cui excusari [[mallet]], Tac. A. 1. 12; Vulg. Luc. 14, 19. But ([[class]].): se de [[aliqua]] re: legati venerunt, qui se de superioris temporis consilio excusarent, [[quod]], etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Se ab [[aliqua]] re, to [[shelter]], [[protect]] one's [[self]] from [[any]] [[thing]] ([[post]]-[[class]].): ut invicom se a calore excusent (plantae), Pall. Nov. 7, 2. —Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Aliquid [[aliqua]] re, to [[compensate]], atone for [[any]] [[thing]] ([[post]]-Aug. and [[rare]]): [[nefas]] armis, Claud. de Bell. Get. 562; Stat. Th. 6, 44; Plin. [[Pan]]. 32, 4.—Hence, excūsātus, a, um, P. a., excused (postAug. and [[rare]]): hoc et ego excusatior, si [[forte]] [[sum]] [[lapsus]], et tu dignior laude, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 11; 4, 5, 4: excusatissimus essem, [[etiamsi]], etc., Sen. Const. Sap. 29.—Adv.: excūsātē, [[without]] [[blame]], excusably: fieri id videtur [[excusate]], Quint. 2, 1, 13.—Comp.: [[quod]] exoratus excusatius [[facies]], Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 3; Tac. A. 3, 68; Just. 32, 2.

{{Georges

|georg=ex-cūso, āvī, ātum, āre (ex u. [[causa]]), I) [[entschuldigen]], [[rechtfertigen]], 1) eig.: se [[apud]] alqm od. se alci, Cic.: se de alqa re, Caes.: tarditatem litterarum, Cic.: [[volo]] me excusatum alci, [[ich]] wünschte mich [[bei]] jmd. entschuldigt, Cic.; habere excusatum, jmd. [[für]] entschuldigt [[ansehen]] = ([[bei]] [[sich]]) [[entschuldigen]], Ov. – exc. alqm od. se m. folg. [[quod]], Cic., Caes. u.a. – exc. m. folg. [[quo]] [[minus]] u. Konj., cum per senectam, [[quo]] [[minus]] interesse valeret, excusasset, [[sein]] [[Nichterscheinen]] [[mit]] seinem vorgerückten [[Alter]] entschuldigt hatte, Aur. Vict. epit. 39, 7. – u. so [[excusor]] m. Nom. u. Infin., [[ich]] werde ([[mein]] [[Nichterscheinen]] wird) [[damit]] entschuldigt, daß [[ich]] usw., si [[Lysiades]] [[citatus]] [[iudex]] [[non]] responderit excuseturque [[Areopagites]] [[esse]], Cic. Phil. 5, 14; u. so Liv. 3, 13, 9 u. 43, 2, 10. – 2) übtr.: a) alqd alqā re, [[wieder]] [[gut]] [[machen]], [[aufwiegen]], [[crimen]] lacrimis, Stat.: [[nefas]] armis, Claud.: fallacem [[unius]] anni fidem omnibus annis, Plin. pan. 32, 4. – b) [[schützen]], [[decken]], se ab alqa re, Pallad. 12, 7, 2: m. folg. ne u. Konj., [[verhindern]], Pallad. 12, 7, 14. – II) prägn.: 1) etw. [[als]] [[Entschuldigungsgrund]] [[anführen]], etw. [[vorschützen]], [[sich]] [[mit]] etw. [[entschuldigen]], α) m. Acc.: morbum, Cic.: valetudinem, aetatem, Liv.: [[mit]] folg. Acc. u. Infin., Plaut. aul. 749. Suet. Aug. 69, 1 u. Ner. 33, 2. Iustin. 5, 4, 11. – β) absol. = Entschuldigungsgründe [[anführen]], -[[bei]] [[bringen]], -[[vorgeben]], [[sich]] [[entschuldigen]], Cic. u.a. – 2) aus Entschuldigungsgründen [[ablehnen]], [[abschlagen]], Parthicum [[nomen]], Spart.: [[reditum]] Agrippinae ob alqd, Tac.: Baeticis [[contra]] unum hominem advocationem, Plin. ep. – refl. excusare (se) u. [[Passiv]] excusari medial, [[sich]] [[entschuldigen]], [[sich]] aus Entschuldigungsgründen einem Amte, [[einer]] [[Arbeit]] usw. [[entziehen]], Entschuldigungsgründe ([[gegen]] die [[Übernahme]]) [[vorbringen]], Suet., Tac. u. Plin. ep.: m. Dat., [[cui]] in universum excusari mallet, dem er [[sich]] [[lieber]] [[entziehen]] möchte, Tac. ann. 1, 12. – u. excusari m. Abl. od. m. ab u. Abl., [[gegen]] die [[Übernahme]] [[von]] etw. entschuldigt (= [[davon]] befreit) [[werden]], excusari tutelā alcis, Ulp. dig. 27, 1, 9: excusari a coepta ([[tutela]]), Paul. dig. 27, 1, 11: u. so [[mit]] ab u. Abl. [[auch]] Ambros. in psalm. 1. § 46.

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