finis: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>fīnis</b>: is (abl. [[regularly]] [[fine]];<br /><b>I</b> fini, Lucr. 1, 978; also [[fine]], ib. 976; and adverb. fini, ea fini, [[qua]] fini, [[Cato]], R. R. 21, 3; 28, 2; 154; Gell. 1, 3, 30; 7, 3, 29; Dig. 16, 2, 19), m. (f. [[mostly]] [[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]]. and [[poet]]., and [[only]] in sing., Att., Caecil., Varr., Sisenn. ap. Non. 205, 6 sq.; Lucr. 1, 107; 551; 555; 561 sq.; cf. Lachm. p. 43; Verg. A. 2, 554; 5, 328; 384; 12, 793 al.; [[rarely]] in [[class]]. [[prose]], Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Att. 9, 10, 4; Liv. 4, 2, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 9, 26, 9; 22, 57, 5; Plin. 30, 10, 24, § 82; 33, 1, 1, § 3; 33, 6, 31, § 98 al.; plur. f. [[only]] Varr. L. L. 5, 1, 13; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 703) [for fidnis, [[root]] bhid-, fid-, v. [[findo]]; for the suffix, cf.: pa-nis, ig-nis, etc.], a [[boundary]], [[limit]], [[border]], = [[terminus]], [[ὅρος]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: accessit [[propius]] et jam ingrediens [[intra]] finem ejus loci, quem oleae terminabant, etc., Cic. Caecin. 8, 22: [[fere]] ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae, Liv. 40, 16, 5; cf. id. 33, 37, 6: Philaenōn arae, quem locum Aegyptum vorsus finem imperii habuere Carthaginienses, Sall. J. 19, 3: quem ad finem porrecta ac loca aperta pertinebant, cedentes (hostes) insequi, as [[far]] as, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5: quibus venientibus ad finem [[legatio]] Veientium [[obviam]] fuit, Liv. 4, 58, 1; cf.: nulla [[legatio]] ad finem [[praesto]] fuerat, id. 38, 15, 10; 10, 35, 1: [[haud]] [[procul]] Argivorum [[fine]] positis castris, id. 28, 5, 5; cf. id. 35, 27, 9 Drak.—In plur.: vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 93: nec Mamilia lege [[singuli]], sed ex his [[tres]] arbitri fines regemus, Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55 (v. [[rego]], I. B.): in finibus Lycaoniae, mihi litterae redditae sunt, id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: Q. [[Fabius]] [[Labeo]] [[arbiter]] Nolanis et Neapolitanis de finibus a senatu [[datus]] ... fines terminare, id. Off. 1, 10, 33; cf.: SEX. ATILIVS INTER ATESTINOS ET VEICETINOS FINIS TERMINOSQVE STATVI IVSIT, Inscr. Orell. 3110: fines proferre, propagare, Cic. Rep. 3, 12; id. Mur. 9, 22: [[inter]] eos fines, quos feci, Liv. 1, 18, 9: [[atque]] hominum finem [[Gades]] Calpenque secutus, Sil. 1, 141.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In plur., borders, and [[hence]] [[territory]], [[land]], [[country]] enclosed [[within]] boundaries: [[propere]] de finibus suis [[exercitus]] deducerent, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60: per agrum Sequanorum [[iter]] in Santonum fines facere, qui non [[longe]] a Tolosatium finibus absunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 1; cf.: si suas copias [[Aedui]] in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint, id. ib. 2, 5, 3: civitatum fines incolere, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8: ego his finibus ejectus [[sum]], quos, etc., Sall. J. 14, 8: [[neque]] [[flumen]] [[neque]] [[mons]] erat, qui fines eorum discerneret, id. ib. 79, 3: Multum [[interest]], alienos populare fines an tuos uri exscindive videas, Liv. 28, 44, 2: veteres nullum [[animal]] [[sacrum]] in finibus suis esse patiebantur, sed abigebant ad fines deorum, quibus [[sacrum]] esset, [[where]] these gods were worshipped, Macr. S. 3, 7, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fine or fini alicujus rei, up to, as [[far]] as, a [[certain]] [[point]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): matresfamiliae de [[muro]] pectoris [[fine]] prominentes passis manibus obtestabantur Romanos, ut, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 5 Oud. N. cr. (al. pectore [[nudo]]); so, [[fine]] inguinum ingrediuntur [[mare]], Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 38 Gerl. (in Arus. Mess. p. 231 ed. Lind.): [[fine]] genūs vestem ritu succincta Dianae, Ov. M. 10, 536: per [[mare]] umbilici [[fine]] ingressi, Auct. B. Afr. 85, 1: amphoras nolito implere [[nimium]] ansarum infimarum fini, [[Cato]], R. R. 113, 2: Asiam orientis [[fine]] a Macedonibus perdomitam, Justin. 30, 4.<br /><b>II</b> Trop., a [[limit]], [[bound]]: [[Crassus]] mihi [[visus]] est oratoris facultatem non illius artis terminis, sed ingenii sui finibus, immensis [[paene]], describere, Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214; cf.: certos mihi fines terminosque constituam, [[extra]] quos egredi non possim, id. Quint. 10, 35: finem et modum transire, to go [[beyond]] all bounds and [[measure]], id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf.: transcendere fines Juris, Lucr. 3, 60: modum aliquem et finem orationi facere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118: est [[modus]] in rebus, sunt certi [[denique]] fines, Quos ultraque citraque nequit consistere rectum, Hor. S. 1, 1, 106: [[intra]] Naturae fines vivere, id. ib. 50: (dixit) mulierem [[quinque]] pueros enixam ... eumque esse finem multijugae hominum partionis, Gell. 10, 2, 1: consulta, quibus [[sedecim]] stipendiorum finem expresserant, [[term]], [[limit]], Tac. A. 1, 78: his finibus luxuriam coercere, Gell. 2, 24, 15.—Hence, the starting-[[point]] in a [[race]]: Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum [[tuba]], finibus omnes Prosiluere suis (of vessels), Verg. A. 5, 139.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf., [[like]] [[τέλος]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An [[end]]: in hoc ([[aequo]] judicio) uno [[denique]] falsae infamiae [[finis]] [[aliquis]] [[atque]] [[exitus]] reperiatur, Cic. Clu. 3, 7: dicendi finem facere, id. Sest. 65, 136; cf.: si placet, in hunc diem [[hactenus]] ... finem disputandi facere, id. Rep. 2, 44 fin.: scribendi, id. de Or. 2, 55, 224: maledictis, Ter. Heaut. prol. 34: injuriis, Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 1: vitae finem afferre alicui, Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; cf.: [[quando]] finem habet [[motus]], vivendi finem habeat [[necesse]] est, id. Rep. 6, 25: finem judiciariae controversiae constituere, id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5: [[oratio]] lecta ad eum finem, quem, etc., as [[far]] as, id. de Or. 1, 34, 154: [[ludus]] [[repertus]], et longorum operum [[finis]], Hor. A. P. 406: [[imperium]] [[sine]] [[fine]], [[everlasting]], Verg. A. 1, 279: pigetque actorum [[sine]] [[fine]] mihi, Ov. M. 2, 387: poscens [[sine]] [[fine]] oscula, id. ib. 4, 334 al.—Adverb.: ad eum finem, [[until]] [[that]]: [[amor]] bestiarum in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, [[usque]] ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere, Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129: mansit in condicione [[usque]] ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt, id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: quem ad finem, [[till]] [[when]]? [[how]] [[long]]? [[quamdiu]] [[furor]] [[iste]] [[tuus]] eludet? quem ad finem [[sese]] effrenata jactabit [[audacia]]? id. Cat. 1, 1, 1: piratam vivum tenuisti: quem ad finem? dum cum imperio fuisti, id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; id. Mur. 5, 11; id. Fam. 9, 26, 1; cf.: Lu. Sequere... In. Sequor: sed finem [[fore]] quem dicam [[nescio]] (i. e. sequendi), Plaut. Trin. prol. 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[end]] of [[life]], [[latter]] [[end]], [[death]] (not [[till]] [[after]] the Aug. per.): comperit invidiam [[supremo]] [[fine]] domari, i. e. [[after]] [[death]], Hor. Ep. 2, 11, 12: tu ne quaesieris, quem mihi, quem [[tibi]] Finem di dederint, id. C. 1, 11, 2: nec [[quicquam]] jam de [[fine]], si fata poscerent, recusans, Vell. 2, 123, 2; Sen. Ep. 30, 3; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext.: [[septem]] a Neronis [[fine]] menses sunt, Tac. H. 1, 37: Augusti, id. A. 1, 4; 1, 16; 2, 39: [[voluntarius]], id. ib. 4, 19; 15, 63 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[end]], [[extremity]] of an ascending [[series]], i. e. the [[highest]] [[point]], greatest [[degree]], [[summit]]: [[sentis]] [[credo]], me jam diu, [[quod]] [[τέλος]] [[Graeci]] dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum [[ultimum]], tum summum: licebit [[etiam]] finem pro [[extremo]] aut [[ultimo]] dicere, Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 11; and: ad finem bonorum, quo referuntur et cujus [[causa]] sunt facienda omnia, the [[chief]] [[good]], id. Leg. 1, 20, 52: fines bonorum et malorum, id. Fin. 1, 17, 55; [[hence]] the [[title]] of [[Cicero]]'s [[treatise]] De Finibus, analog. to the Gr. περὶ τελῶν; cf. id. Att. 13, 21, 4, [[with]] ib. 19, 4: honorum populi [[finis]] est [[consulatus]], id. Planc. 25, 60: quemque sperandi sibi, eundem [[bene]] dicendi finem proponerent, id. Tusc. 2, 1, 3: [[duodecim]] tabulae, [[finis]] aequi juris, Tac. A. 3, 27. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An [[end]], [[purpose]], [[aim]], [[object]] ([[but]] an [[end]] subjectively regarded, as an [[intention]], or [[design]], is [[propositum]], [[consilium]], [[mens]], etc.): omnes artes habere finem aliquem [[propositum]], ad quem tendunt, Quint. 2, 17, 22: laudis et gloriae, id. 8, 3, 11: [[domus]] [[finis]] est [[usus]], Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138: [[officium]] ejus facultatis videtur esse, dicere [[apposite]] ad persuasionem: [[finis]], persuadere dictione, id. Inv. 1, 5, 6; cf. id. ib. 2, 51, 156; id. Part. Or. 4, 11; id. de Or. 1, 42, 188; 2, 34, 145; Quint. 2, 15, 6: quem finem vel [[quid]] summum et [[ultimum]] habeat [[rhetorice]], id. ib. 38: [[volgaris]] [[liberalitas]] referenda est ad illum Ennii finem, Nihilo [[minus]] ipsi [[lucet]], etc., Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52: ad finem vitae, Quint. 2, 17, 41: medicinae, id. ib. 25; 2, 21, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An [[intention]], [[design]], [[end]] in [[view]] ([[very]] [[rare]]; cf. γ [[supra]]): [[quod]] ad eum finem memoravimus, ut, etc., Tac. A. 14, 64.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In rhet. lang., i. q. [[finitio]] and [[definitio]], qs. an explanatory limiting, a [[definition]], [[explanation]] (perh. not in Cic., [[but]] [[repeatedly]] in Quint.): dicuntur argumenta ex finitione seu [[fine]], Quint. 5, 10, 54: est frequentissimus [[finis]], rhetoricen esse vim persuadendi, id. 2, 15, 3; id. ib. 11 sq.; 4, 4, 3 Spald. N. cr.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the [[later]] jurid. Lat., a [[measure]], [[amount]]: placuit, ut [[fructus]] hypothecarum usuris compensaret, fini legitimae usurae, Dig. 20, 1, 1: finem pretii, deminuere vel excedere, ib. 21, 2, 66: ad finem peculii legata praestare, ib. 49, 17, 17.

{{Georges

|georg=fīnis, is, m., zuw. f. (viell. aus *figsnis zu fīgo), I) die [[Grenze]], 1) eig.: f. loci, Cic.: Megalopolitarum, Liv.: quem ad finem ([[wie]] [[weit]]) porrecta [[loca]] aperta pertinebant, Caes. – Plur. fines, die Grenzen, agrorum, Cic.: fines propagare, Cic.: ambigere de finibus, Ter.: fines regere ([[feststellen]]), Cic.: u. meton. = das [[Gebiet]], [[Land]], der [[Bezirk]], in mediis Eburonum finibus, Caes.: in alienis finibus decertare, Caes.: Gallis partem finium concedere, Liv.: habere fines (Grundstücke) proprios, Caes.: se in fines Ubiorum recipere, Caes.: fines populari, depopulari, vastare, Caes. – u. die [[äußerste]] Schranke der [[Rennbahn]], Verg. Aen. 5, 225 u. 328. – 2) übtr.: a) die [[Grenze]], Schranke, naturae, Hor.: aequi iuris, die gemeinrechtliche Schr., Tac.: [[mihi]] fines terminosque constituam, [[extra]] quos egredi [[non]] possim, Cic. – b) das [[Ziel]], [[qui]] [[finis]] istius consilii? Cic.: f. temporis, Liv.: ad [[eum]] finem od. [[usque]] ad [[eum]] finem, [[bis]] so [[weit]], Cic.: quem ad finem? [[bis]] zu welchem Ziele? Cic.: dah. [[fine]] ([[fini]]) m. Genet. = [[bis]] an, amphoras implere ansarum infimarum [[fini]], [[Cato]]: [[fine]] inguinum, Sall. fr.: [[fine]] [[genus]], Ov.: scopulorum [[fine]], Ov.: umbilici [[fine]], Auct. b. Afr.: so [[auch]] [[mit]] Abl., radicibus [[fini]], [[Cato]] r. r. 28, 2. Vgl. Wölfflin im [[Archiv]] 1, 424 f. u. 580. – c) das [[Maß]] = die [[Art]], pretii, ICt.: [[hac]] [[fini]], in dem M., [[insofern]], Gell.: quā [[fini]], [[inwiefern]], Gell. – II) im weitern Sinne, das [[Ende]], 1) eig., a) übh., [[Komik]]., Cic. u.a.: [[finis]] epistulae, Plin. ep.: [[finis]] vitae, Cic.: [[nullo]] (cum) [[fine]] od. [[fine]] dempto od. exempto, [[ohne]] [[Ende]], Ov.: [[sine]] [[fine]] [[amare]], [[Fronto]]: ad finem, [[bis]] zu [[Ende]], Ov.: ad finem venire, zu [[Ende]] (zustande) [[kommen]], Liv. – finem facere m. Genet., zB. belli, Nep., orandi, Ter.: bellandi, Caes.: vitae, Sall. fr.: sollicitudinis, Cic.: loquendi, oppugnandi, orandi, Caes.: u. (m. Dat. wem?) [[idem]] [[dies]] et victoribus imperii et victis vitae finem facit, Cic.: finem facere m. Dat., zB. iniuriis, Caes.: sermoni [[suo]], Plaut.: orationi suae criminibusque modum aliquem et finem facere, Cic.: [[difficile]] est [[enim]] finem facere [[pretio]], si libidini [[non]] feceris, Cic. – finem dare ([[ein]] E. [[machen]]) [[proelio]], [[bello]], Eutr.: [[malis]], Verg.: finem dare ([[ein]] E. [[bereiten]]) vitae, Iuven. – eundem et vincendi et vivendi finem habere, [[mit]] seinem Siege [[auch]] [[sein]] [[Leben]] [[beschließen]], Vell. – [[Veiens]] [[bellum]] [[non]] [[ante]] cepit finem, [[quam]] etc., nahm [[nicht]] [[eher]] [[ein]] [[Ende]], Liv. – b) insbes., das [[Ende]], α) = das [[Lebensende]], der [[Tod]] [[einer]] Pers., hominis, Quint.: Neronis, Tac.: aderat [[finis]], [[ubi]] aderat [[finis]], Tac.: [[nec]] [[quicquam]] [[iam]] de [[fine]], si fata poscerent, recusans, Vell. – β) der [[Untergang]], [[Verlust]], finemque [[sui]] [[sibi]] corpora debent, Lucan.: [[finis]] [[adest]] rerum (Romanarum), Lucan.: [[Creta]] Metelli ductu longissimae libertatis [[fine]] multata est, Vell. – 2) übtr.: a) die Erklärung, Definition, Quint. – b) das [[Ende]] = der [[Endzweck]], [[Zweck]] (s. Sorof Cic. de or. 1, 188), [[domus]] [[finis]] est [[usus]], Cic.: [[quae]] [[finis]] standi? zu welchem E. ([[weshalb]]) stehe [[ich]] [[hier]]? Verg.: edendi [[mihi]] erit bibendique [[finis]] desideria naturae restinguere, [[non]] implere alvum et exinanire, Sen.: ad [[eum]] finem, zu dem E., in der [[Absicht]], [[deswegen]], Tac. – c) das Äußerste, Höchste, bonorum, malorum, höchste (größte) [[Gut]], [[Übel]], Cic.: honorum, das höchste [[Ehrenamt]], Cic.: [[duodecim]] tabulae, [[finis]] aequi iuris, Tac. – / Abl. Sing. [[fine]] u. [[fini]], s. [[Neue]]-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 338 u. 339.

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