hiems: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>hĭems</b>: or hiemps, ĕmis, f. Gr. [[χιών]], [[χεῖμα]]; Sanscr. himas, [[snow]],<br /><b>I</b> the [[winter]], [[winter]] [[time]], [[rainy]] [[season]] (cf.: [[bruma]], [[solstitium]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: aestatem autumnus sequitur, [[post]] [[acer]] hiemps [[fit]], Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 Vahl.): solvitur acris [[hiems]] grata [[vice]] veris et Favoni, Hor. C. 1, 4, 1: [[crudelis]], Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.); opp. to [[aestas]], Dig. 43, 20, 1, §§ 31 and 32: [[dies]] [[primus]] est veris in Aquario, aestatis in Tauro, autumni in Leone, hiemis in Scorpione, Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. id. ap. Col. 11, 2, 84; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; 18, 25, 60, § 224 sq.: prodit [[hiems]], sequitur crepitans hanc dentibus [[algor]]. Lucr. 5, 747: hanc vim frigorum hiememque, [[quam]] nos vix hujus urbis tectis sustinemus, excipere, Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42: [[summa]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 32: gravissimā hieme, Caes. B. C. 3, 8 fin.: jamque [[hiems]] appropinquabat, id. ib. 3, 9, 8: initā hieme, id. B. G. 3, 7, 1: jam [[prope]] hieme confectā, id. ib. 7, 32, 2: [[ante]] exactam hiemem, id. ib. 6, 1, 4: [[hiems]] jam praecipitaverat, id. B. C. 3, 25, 1: [[modestia]] hiemis, Tac. A. 12, 43: [[bellum]] difficillimum gessit hieme anni, in [[winter]] [[time]], Suet. Caes. 35: stridebat [[deformis]] [[hiems]], Juv. 4, 58: Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, [[winter]] and [[summer]], i. e. in all seasons, Cic. Div. 1, 42, 94.—In plur.: confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres, Lucr. 6, 373: est ubi [[plus]] tepeant hiemes? Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15: informīs hiemes reducit [[Juppiter]], [[idem]] Summovet, id. C. 2, 10, 15; 3, 1, 32: in his locis maturae sunt hiemes, Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: seu [[plures]] hiemes, seu tribuit [[Juppiter]] ultimam, years, Hor. C. 1, 11, 4: [[post]] certas hiemes, id. ib. 1, 15, 35; cf.: sic multas hiemes [[atque]] octogensima vidit solstitia, Juv. 4, 92.—Personified: Hiems, Ov. M. 2, 30; 15, 212; 4, 436; Verg. A. 3, 120.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf. ([[mostly]] [[poet]].).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rainy, [[stormy]] [[weather]], a [[storm]], [[tempest]]: [[imber]] Noctem hiememque ferens, Verg. A. 5, 11; cf.: non tam [[creber]] [[agens]] hiemem ruit aequore [[turbo]], id. G. 3, 470: [[Juppiter]] [[horridus]] austris Torquet aquosam hiemem, id. A. 9, 671; id. G. 1, 321; Hor. Epod. 2, 52; Ov. M. 11, 490; 521; 13, 709 al.—In plur., Val. Fl. 2, 22; Stat. S. 5, 1, 36.—In [[prose]]: maritimos [[cursus]] praecludebat hiemis [[magnitudo]], Cic. Planc. 40 fin.: qui ([[gubernator]]) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat, Nep. Att. 10 fin.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., [[cold]], [[chill]]; [[tempest]], [[violence]] ([[poet]].): sic [[letalis]] [[hiems]] [[paulatim]] in pectora venit, a [[deadly]] [[chill]], Ov. M. 2, 827; cf. Mart. 2, 46, 7: Vesuvinus [[apex]] et flammea diri Montis [[hiems]], the [[fiery]] [[tempest]], Stat. S. 3, 5, 72; so of [[Vesuvius]]: vix dum ignea montem Torsit [[hiems]], Val. Fl. 4, 508: instamus jactu telorum et [[ferrea]] nimbis Certat [[hiems]], the [[iron]] [[storm]], [[shower]] of weapons, Stat. Th. 5, 386.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cold, [[storm]] ([[poet]].): ab [[illa]] Pessima ([[die]]) mutati coepit amoris [[hiems]], [[cold]], Ov. H. 5, 34: [[hiems]] rerum, the [[storm]] of [[war]], [[disturbance]] of [[war]], Claud. B. Get. 151.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trouble, [[distress]]: suae senectuti acriorem hiemem parat, [[quom]] illam inportunam tempestatem conciet, Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 7.

{{Georges

|georg=hiems ([[hiemps]]), hiemis, f. (altind. himá-s, griech. χειμα, [[χειμών]]), I) regnerisches [[Wetter]], stürmisches [[Wetter]], [[Sturm]], hiemis [[magnitudo]], Cic. Planc. 96: [[qui]] ([[gubernator]]) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat, Nep. Att. 10, 6: [[oft]] [[bei]] Dichtern, zB. eois intonata fluctibus [[hiems]], Hor.: saevit [[hiems]], Ov.: [[dum]] pelago desaevit [[hiems]], Verg.: [[non]] hiemes illam (aesculum), [[non]] [[flabra]] [[neque]] imbres convellunt, Verg.: ut [[tristis]] turbinum toleraret hiemes, [[mare]] cum horreret fluctibus, Acc. fr.: poet. übtr.: [[Sturm]], [[Heftigkeit]], heftige [[Gewalt]], flammea diri [[montis]] ([[des]] Vesuvs) [[hiems]], Stat. silv. 3, 5, 72 sq.: u. so ignea [[hiems]], Val. Flacc. 4, 509: [[ferrea]] [[hiems]], Waffensturm, Stat. Theb. 5, 386. – II) insbes., die Regenzeit, der [[Winter]], [[weil]] [[dieser]] in Griechenland u. Italien [[vornehmlich]] in [[Regen]] u. [[Stürmen]] besteht, A) eig.: 1) im weitern Sinne, die den [[Herbst]] u. eigentl. [[Winter]] in [[sich]] begreifende Jahreshälfte (Ggstz. [[aestas]]; vgl. Ulp. dig. 43, 20, 1. § 31 u. 32), [[hiems]] perpetua, Sen., assidua, [[Mela]]: [[tristis]], Liv.: [[Arabes]] campos hieme et aestate peragrantes, Cic.: hiemem et aestatem [[iuxta]] pati, Sall.: [[aestas]] abiit, [[sed]] [[alter]] illam [[annus]] reducet; [[hiems]] cecĭdit (ist verschwunden), referent illum [[sui]] menses, Sen.: [[hiems]] praeteriit, [[imber]] abiit, Ambros.: Plur. hiemēs, um, f., Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 49. Caes. b. G. 4, 20, 1 u.a. (s. [[Neue]]-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 628). – 2) im engern Sinne = der eig. [[Winter]] (die [[drei]] Monate vom Wintersolstitium [[bis]] zum Frühlingsäquinoktium, d.h. vom 22. [[Dezember]] [[bis]] zum 22. [[März]], [[nach]] dem landwirtschaftl. [[Kalender]] der [[Römer]] [[aber]] vom 10. od. 11. Nov. [[bis]] zum 8. od. 9. Febr.), s. [[Col]]. 11, 2, 84. Plin. 2, 125: h. anni, Suet. Caes. 35, 1. Gell. 3, 10, 5. Apul. apol. 72; vgl. Serv. Verg. Aen. 1, 125. – personif., Verg. Aen. 3, 120: [[glacialis]] Hiems, Ov. [[met]]. 2, 30. – B) meton.: 1) = [[Kälte]], [[Frost]], [[letalis]] h. in pectora venit, Ov.: tu spectas hiemem succincti [[lentus]] amici, Mart.: bildl., h. amoris mutati, Erkalten der [[Liebe]], Ov. – 2) = [[Jahr]], [[plures]] hiemes, ultima [[hiems]], Hor. carm. 1, 11, 4: [[post]] certas hiemes, Hor. carm. 1, 15, 35. – / Über die jüngere [[Form]] [[hiemps]] vgl. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 321.

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